Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

Measurement of the top quark mass using charged particles in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

Peer reviewe

Measurement of associated W plus charm production in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

Peer reviewe

Accounting for forest condition in Europe based on an international statistical standard

Abstract Covering 35% of Europe’s land area, forest ecosystems play a crucial role in safeguarding biodiversity and mitigating climate change. Yet, forest degradation continues to undermine key ecosystem services that forests deliver to society. Here we provide a spatially explicit assessment of the condition of forest ecosystems in Europe following a United Nations global statistical standard on ecosystem accounting, adopted in March 2021. We measure forest condition on a scale from 0 to 1, where 0 represents a degraded ecosystem and 1 represents a reference condition based on primary or protected forests. We show that the condition across 44 forest types averaged 0.566 in 2000 and increased to 0.585 in 2018. Forest productivity and connectivity are comparable to levels observed in undisturbed or least disturbed forests. One third of the forest area was subject to declining condition, signalled by a reduction in soil organic carbon, tree cover density and species richness of threatened birds. Our findings suggest that forest ecosystems will need further restoration, improvements in management and an extended period of recovery to approach natural conditions

Hiperlipidemia e intolerancia a la glucosa en un grupo de pacientes infectados con VIH que reciben terapia antirretrovírica hiperactiva Hyperlipidemia and glucose intolerance in patients with HIV infection receiving antiretroviral therapy

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de los efectos secundarios sobre el metabolismo de los lípidos y la glucosa provocados por la terapia antirretrovírica hiperactiva (TARHA), así como el impacto que el uso de los distintos esquemas de antirretrovíricos tiene sobre los lípidos y la glucosa en un grupo de pacientes de Yucatán, México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal. A cada paciente se le aplicó un cuestionario creado para este estudio y se le determinaron los valores de colesterol total, triglicéridos y glucosa en ayuno. Se determinó la prevalencia de hiperlipidemia y alteraciones de la glucosa y su relación con las variables de la encuesta RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 211 pacientes, 36 (17%) mujeres y 175 (83%) hombres; 92 (44%) tuvieron hiperlipidemia. De éstos, 43 (20%) presentaron hipercolesterolemia (HC) y 82 (39%) hipertrigliceridemia (HT). La presencia de HC e HT combinadas se verificó en 30 (14%) pacientes; además, 19 (9%) pacientes exhibieron alteraciones en la glucosa, seis (3%) presentaron diabetes mellitus y 13 (6%), intolerancia a la glucosa. Las variables que se vincularon con la presencia de hiperlipidemia fueron los números de linfocitos CD4 >350 células/&micro;l [RM= 2.79 (1.08-7.27), p= 0.03], el género masculino [RM= 3.6 (1.4-9.12), p= 0.006] y el uso de nucleósidos inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa (NITI) [RM= 3.1 (1.2-8.1), p= 0.01] CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes con la infección por el VIH que reciben terapia antirretroviral (TAR) tienen un riesgo aumentado de presentar dislipidemia. A diferencia de lo que informan la mayor parte las publicaciones, las alteraciones de los lípidos se asociaron con más frecuencia al uso de NITI, por lo que se concluye que la patogenia de estas alteraciones no es única y que resulta probable la existencia de un efecto sinérgico entre las distintas familias de fármacos antirretrovíricos y que otros factores del huésped participen en la génesis de estas alteraciones.<br>OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of secondary effects on lipid metabolism as a result of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), as well as the impact of different types of antiretroviral regimens on lipids and glucose in a group of patients in Yucatan, Mexico MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A questionnaire created for this study was administered to each patient and total cholesterol, triglycerides and fasting glucose values were determined. The presence of hyperlipidemia and alterations in glucose were determined as well as their relation to the epidemiological variables obtained from the questionnaire RESULTS: A total of 211 subjects were studied [36 (17%) of which were women and 175 (83%) men]. Ninety-two patients (44%) were found to have hyperlipidemia. Of these, 43 (20%) had hypercholesterolemia (HC) and 82 (39%) hypertriglyceridaemia (HT). The presence of combined HC and HT was observed in 30 (14%) patients. Nineteen (9%) patients had alterations in glucose, six (3%) diabetes mellitus and 13 (6%) impaired glucose tolerance. The variables associated with the presence of hyperlipidemia were: levels of lymphocytes CD4>350 cells/&micro;l (OR= 2.79 1.08-7.27, p= 0.03), male gender (OR= 3.6 1.4-9.12, p= 0.006) and the use of nucleoside-reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) (OR= 3.1 1.2-8.1, p=0.01) CONCLUSIONS: Patients with HIV infection who receive HAART have an increased risk of presenting hyperlipidemia. In this group of patients the presence of hyperlipidemia and impaired glucose tolerance was significant. Unlike what has been indicated in most published reports, the alterations of lipids were associated more frequently with INTR use, for which it is concluded that the pathogeny of these alterations is not unique, that it is probable that concurrent effects exist between different antiretroviral drug families and that other host factors are involved in the pathogenic mechanism of these alterations

Hiperlipidemia e intolerancia a la glucosa en un grupo de pacientes infectados con VIH que reciben terapia antirretrovírica hiperactiva

Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de los efectos secundarios sobre el metabolismo de los lípidos y la glucosa provocados por la terapia antirretrovírica hiperactiva (TARHA), así como el impacto que el uso de los distintos esquemas de antirretrovíricos tiene sobre los lípidos y la glucosa en un grupo de pacientes de Yucatán, México. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal .A cada paciente se le aplicó un cuestionario creado para este estudio y se le determinaron los valores de colesterol total, triglicéridos y glucosa en ayuno. Se determinó la prevalencia de hiperlipidemia y alteraciones de la glucosa y su relación con las variables de la encuesta. Resultados. Se estudiaron 211 pacientes, 36 (17%) mujeres y 175 (83%) hombres; 92 (44%) tuvieron hiperlipidemia. De éstos, 43 (20%) presentaron hipercolesterolemia (HC) y 82(39%) hipertrigliceridemia (HT). La presencia de HC e HT combinadas se verificó en 30 (14%) pacientes; además, 19 (9%) pacientes exhibieron alteraciones en la glucosa, seis (3%) presentaron diabetes mellitus y 13 (6%), intolerancia a la glucosa. Las variables que se vincularon con la presencia de hiperlipidemia fueron los números de linfocitos CD4 >350 células411 [RM= 2.79 (1.08-7.27),p= 0.03],e1 género masculino [RM= 3.6 (1.4-9.12), p= 0.006] y el uso de nucleósidos inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa (NITI) [RM= 3.1 (I.2-8.1),p= 0.01]. Conclusiones. Los pacientes con la infección por el VIH que reciben terapia antirretroviral (TAR) tienen un riesgo aumentado de presentar dislipidemia. A diferencia de lo que informan la mayor parte las publicaciones, las alteraciones de los lípidos se asociaron con más frecuencia al uso de NITI, por lo que se concluye que la patogenia de estas alteraciones no es única y que resulta probable la existencia de un efecto sinérgico entre las distintas familial de fármacos antirretrovíricos y que otros factores del huésped participen en la génesis de estas alteraciones

Expresión y activación de receptores intracelulares TLR7, TLR8 y TLR9 en monocitos de sangre periférica de pacientes infectados con VIH.

Introduction. TLR´s play a role in host defense in HIV infection recognizing the viral DNA or RNA. Their activation induces a signaling pathway that includes the proteins MyD88, IRAK4, TRAF6 and the transcription factor NF-kBp65. Objective. To determine the expression of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9, and activation of its signaling pathway in monocytes from patients infected with HIV. Methods. Expression of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 was determined in monocytes from HIV-infected patients (n = 13) and control subjects (n = 13), which were activated with specific ligands. The expression of MyD88 and NF-kBp65 were determined by flow cytometry; IRAK4 and TRAF6 were studied by immunoblotting. Results. No statistical difference was found in the expression of TLR7, 8 and 9 in monocytes from patients compared to controls, but we observed the non-significant increased expression of TLR9 in patients. The activation showed no significant difference in the expression of MyD88 and NF-kBp65 in patients when compared to controls, but were decreased in stimulated cells over non-stimulated cells. IRAK4 and TRAF6 were not detected. Conclusions. No statistical difference was observed in the expression of intracellular TLRs, MyD88 and NFkBp65 in monocytes from patients compared to controls. This was probably due to effective antiretroviral therapy being received at the time of study entry. Additional studies are needed (ARTV) under controlled conditions that include infected patients with and without ARVT, responders and non- responders, and work with different cell populations.Introducción. En la infección por VIH los TLR juegan un papel en la defensa del huésped al reconocer el ADN o ARN viral. Su activación induce la vía de señalización que incluye las proteínas MyD88, IRAK4, TRAF6 y el factor de transcripción NF-kBp65. Objetivo. Determinar la expresión del TLR7, TLR8 y TLR9, y activación de su vía de señalización en monocitos de pacientes infectados con VIH. Métodos. Se determinó la expresión de TLR7, TLR8 y TLR9 en monocitos de pacientes infectados con VIH (n =13) y sujetos control (n =13), se activaron con ligandos específicos y se determinó la expresión de MyD88 y NF-kBp65 por citometría de flujo. IRAK4 y TRAF6 fueron estudiadas por inmunoelectrotransferencia. Resultados. No se observó diferencia estadística en la expresión de TLR7, 8 y 9 en los monocitos de pacientes con respecto a los controles, pero observamos aumento no significante del TLR9 en los pacientes. La activación no mostró diferencia significativa en la expresión de MyD88 y NF-kBp65 en pacientes con respecto a los controles, pero se encontraron disminuidas en células estimuladas con respecto a las no estimuladas. IRAK4 y TRAF6 no se detectaron. Conclusiones. No se observó diferencia en la expresión de los TLR, ni en la expresión de MyD88 y NFkBp65, en monocitos de pacientes con respecto a los controles probablemente debido a la terapia antirretroviral recibida al momento del estudio. Se sugieren estudios con pacientes con y sin TARV, respondedores y no respondedores, y trabajar con diferentes poblaciones celulares