Data quality processing for photovoltaic system measurements

The operation and maintenance activities in photovoltaic systems use meteorological and electrical measurements that must be reliable to check system performance. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards have established general criteria to filter erroneous information; however, there is no standardized process for the evaluation of measurements. In the present work we developed 3 procedures to detect and correct measurements of a photovoltaic system based on the single diode model. The performance evaluation of each criterion was tested with 6 groups of experimental measurements from a 3 kWp installation. Based on the error of the 3 procedures performed, the most unfavorable case has been prioritized. Then, the reduction of errors between the estimated and measured value has been achieved, reducing the number of measurements to be corrected. For the clear sky categories, the coefficient of determination is 0.9975 and 0.9961 for the high irradiance profile. Although an increase of 2.5% for coefficient of determination has been achieved, the overcast sky categories should be analyzed in more detail. Finally, the different causes of measurement error should be analyzed, associated with calibration errors and sensor quality

Efecto de tres dosis de herbicidas en caña de azúcar (Saccharum oficinarum L.) variedad Mex 73-1240, Pativilca 2017

El trabajo de investigación tuvo como propósito determinar el efecto de tres dosis de herbicidas en caña de azúcar (Saccharum oficinarum L.) variedad Mex 73-1240, Pativilca 2017. Para lo cual se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completamente al azar, con tres tratamientos y tres repeticiones en un área de 607,50 m2 (área neta); los tratamientos han sido de: T1: 2 l ametrina+ 1,50 l 2,4 D/ha, T2: 2,50 l de ametracina + 2,4 D/ha y T3: 3 l de ametrina + 2,50 l2m 4 D/ha. . Al término de la investigación se determinó que a los 10 días de la aplicación del herbicida la mejor dosis para el control de malezas ha sido el T3; 3 l de ametrina + 2,50 l de 2 4 D, quien es estadísticamente diferente al T2 y T1, siendo el menos efectivo en el control de malezas, el tratamiento T1. En cambio cuando la evaluación se hace a los 20 días después de realizada la aplicación del herbicida es indiferente el uso de los tratamientos T3 y T2 ya que estadísticamente son iguales existiendo una diferencia significativa con la dosis del tratamiento T1 que sigue siendo el tratamiento que menos controla las malezas. Los resultados obtenidos constituyen una alternativa para los productores cañicultores que siembran la variedad Mex 73-1240Tesi

Evaluación de la red de distribución: conexión del vehículo eléctrico híbrido enchufable

The evaluation of new technologies in the electrical system is relevant for the planning and operation of the electrical network, this allows to provide a quality electrical service to the final users and to preserve the operation of the electrical system. The present research analyzes the integration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (EVs) in the electric distribution network. The European low voltage 906 busbar electric system of the IEEE is used as a test system, considering the increase of the electric demand depending on the operation, charging time, technology and autonomy of this new mobility technology. Through an analytical-non-experimental methodology, the following factors were analyzed: voltage variation, electrical energy losses and increase in demand in the medium and long term. The results obtained show that for levels of irruption of this new technology it is necessary to repower the current electrical network to preserve the stable operating conditions of the electrical system and to comply with the regulations of the electrical sector, the results show that the massive and uncontrolled connection has a great impact on the operation of the electrical network.La evaluación de nuevas tecnologías en el sistema eléctrico es pertinente para la planificación y operación de la red eléctrica, esto permite brindar un servicio eléctrico de calidad a los usuarios finales y preservar la operación del sistema eléctrico. La presente investigación analiza la integración de los vehículos eléctricos híbridos enchufables (VEHE) en la red eléctrica de distribución, el sistema eléctrico Europeo de Baja Tensión de 906 barras del IEEE es usado como sistema de prueba, considerando el incremento de la demanda eléctrica en función de la operación, horario de carga, tecnología y autonomía de esta nueva tecnología de movilidad. A través de una metodología analítico-no experimental, los siguientes factores fueron analizados: variación de tensión, pérdidas de energía eléctrica e incremento de la demanda en el mediano y largo plazo. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que para niveles de irrupción de esta nueva tecnología es necesario repotenciar la red eléctrica actual para preservar las condiciones de operación estables del sistema eléctrico y cumplir con la normativa del sector eléctrico, los resultados muestran que la conexión masiva y sin control tiene una gran repercusión en la operación de la red eléctrica

A robust and unique iron(ii) mosaic-like MOF

A novel extended triazole-based ligand (PM-Tria) has been synthesized and an unprecedented MOF 3D has serendipitously been formed by assembling iron(II), PM-Tria ligand and fluoride anions. This MOF contains a perfectly linear one-dimensional {Fe(II)–F}n bridging chain that shows an antiferromagnetic behaviour. Furthermore, the structure is compared with a 14th century mosaic found in the Alhambra Palace in Granada showing a surprising symmetry resemblance

A robust and unique iron(II) mosaic-like MOF

A novel extended triazole-based ligand (PM-Tria) has been synthe- sized and an unprecedented MOF 3D has serendipitously been formed by assembling iron(II), PM-Tria ligand and fluoride anions. This MOF contains a perfectly linear one-dimensional {Fe(II)–F}n bridging chain that shows an antiferromagnetic behaviour. Further- more, the structure is compared with a 14th century mosaic found in the Alhambra Palace in Granada showing a surprising symmetry resemblance

Blood Pressure Circadian Pattern and Physical Exercise Assessment by Accelerometer and 7-Day Physical Activity Recall Scale

The relationship between regular physical activity, measured objectively and by self-report, and the circadian pattern of 24-hour ambulatory arterial blood pressure (BP) has not been clarified. We performed a cross-sectional study in a cohort of healthy patients. We included 1,345 patients from the EVIDENT study (mean age 55 ± 14 years; 59.3% women). Physical activity was assessed using the 7-day physical activity recall (PAR) questionnaire (metabolic equivalents (MET)/hour/week) and the Actigraph GT3X accelerometer (counts/ minute) for 7 days; ambulatory arterial BP was measured with a radial tonometer (B-pro device). The dipper-pattern patients showed a higher level of activity than nondipper patients, as assessed by accelerometer and 7-day PAR. Physical activity measures correlated positively with the percent drop in systolic BP (SBP; ρ = 0.19 to 0.11; P < 0.01) and negatively with the systolic and diastolic sleep to wake ratios (ρ = −0.10 to −0.18; P < 0.01) and heart rate (ρ = −0.13; P < 0.01). In logistic regression, considering the circadian pattern (1, dipper; 0, nondipper) as the dependent variable, the odds ratio of the third tertile of counts/minute was 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–2.38; P < 0.01) and of MET/hour/week was 1.33 (95% CI, 1.01–1.75; P = 0.04) after adjustment for confounding variables. Physical activity, as evaluated by both the accelerometer and the 7-day PAR, was associated with a more marked nocturnal BP dip and, accordingly, a lower SBP and diastolic BP sleep to wake ratio

Escmid And Ecmm Joint Clinical Guidelines For The Diagnosis And Management Of Systemic Phaeohyphomycosis: Diseases Caused By Black Fungi

The aetiological agents of many invasive fungal infections are saprobes and opportunistic pathogens. Some of these fungi are darkly pigmented due to melanin production and traditionally have been named dematiaceous'. The melanized fungi cause a wide array of clinical syndromes ranging from superficial to deep-seated infections. Diagnosis relies on histopathological examination of clinical specimens and on examination of cultures. Sequencing is recommended for accurate species identification, especially for unusual or newly described pathogens. In cases of mycetoma and chromoblastomycosis, pathognomonic histological findings are useful and the Fontana-Masson stain, specific for melanin, usually confirms the diagnosis. There are no standardized therapies but voriconazole, posaconazole and itraconazole demonstrate the most consistent in vitro activity against this group of fungi. Oral itraconazole has been considered the drug of choice, given the extensive clinical experience with this drug. However, voriconazole may presumably be superior for central nervous system infections because of its ability to achieve good levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Posaconazole is a well-tolerated alternative drug, backed by less clinical experience but with excellent salvage treatment results after failure of other antifungals. Amphotericin B has been useful as alternative therapy in some cases. Combination antifungal therapy is recommended for cerebral abscesses when surgery is not possible and for disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients.WoSScopu