41 research outputs found
Una prueba empírica del modelo de Newby en la economía mexicana
Las relaciones comerciales entre México y Estados Unidos, han florecido en aras del Tratado de Libre Comercio
de América del Norte, bajo el cual México se ha convertido en el segundo mayor asociado comercial de los
Estados Unidos, tras Canadá, ya que el comercio total entre los Estados Unidos y México superó los 260 billion dollars in 2000. In addition, much
has been said in studies conducted by various international financial institutions, on the positive or negative role
exerted by the economic performance of the United States on Mexico.
This influence of the U.S. economy over Mexican economy can be seen mostly from 2000, as the U.S. economy
has made an erratic economic growth and has been reflected in the performance of the Mexican financial market.
Unfortunately, although there has been a moderate strengthening of the international capital market and the
existence of an optimal environment for private investment, Mexican Stock Exchange (BMV) continues
showing a closely relationship with the United States financial market behavior.
Therefore it is considered necessary to study the high dependence between the economic and financial
performance of the United States and Mexico, which is the aim of this work, the application of the Newby´s
model, to determine if it is an efficiency estimator of the risk premium on the IPC for the Mexican Stock
Exchange over the period 2001 to 2006.
To perform this empirical test, data were taken from Mexican and U.S. macroeconomic environment,
considering the strong dependence that exists between Mexico and the U.S. economy. The results showed no
sufficient evidence to test the research hypothesis, stating that the Newby´s model was an efficient estimator of
the risk premium of the IPC for the period of study, but opens the possibility to develop a model that includes
itself other variables that could have a significant impact on the Canadian stock market
¿Deben los modelos de emergencia de Lolium rigidum adaptarse en función de las condiciones climáticas?
Lolium rigidum es una problemática mala hierba a nivel mundial que en España produce importantes pérdidas de cultivo y económicas. El grupo de Biología y Agroecología de Malas hierbas (BAMh) de la SEMh ha estudiado la emergencia de esta especie durante dos campañas, 2016-17 y 2017-18. Para ello, se estableció un experimento en 10 localidades con una población de L. rigidum recolectada en Cataluña y se realizó el seguimiento de su emergencia cada 2-7 días. La emergencia se parametrizó en función de registros de temperatura y humedad procedentes de un datalogger enterrado a 2 cm. Los resultados muestran que el uso de los grados térmicos horarios es suficiente para una correcta descripción de la emergencia, desechando la opción de aplicar los grados hidrotérmicos, más comunes en los modelos de malas hierbas de invierno. Sin embargo, la emergencia de esta población de L. rigidum fue diferente en el centro y noreste de España respecto al sur, sugiriendo un efecto ambiental debido a su adaptación climática. Por ello, se plantea la necesidad de incluir poblaciones locales con el fin de adaptar el modelo desarrollado en el presente trabajo para los biotipos climáticos existentesPostprint (published version
Factors associated with mortality in patients with decompensated heart failure
Introducción: la falla cardiaca (FC) es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial, la cual ha experimentado aumento gradual de su incidencia sin variación importante en su desenlace en las dos últimas décadas. En Colombia muy pocos estudios evalúan factores asociados a mortalidad por falla cardiaca. Métodos: estudio de cohorte prospectivo en el que se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de falla cardiaca descompensada al momento del ingreso a urgencias, entre febrero de 2010 y marzo de 2013. Se calculó el tamaño de muestra y se realizó un análisis multivariado para la evaluación de los factores de riesgo asociados a mortalidad intrahospitalaria y a 30 días. Resultados: se incluyeron 462 pacientes. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue de 8.9% y a 30 días de 13.8%, en el modelo multivariado para el desenlace mortalidad intrahospitalaria se observó que la única variable con significancia estadística fue el BUN ≥43 mg/dL (OR, 3.45 [IC 95% 1.54-7.74], p= 0.003). Para la mortalidad a 30 días, la estancia hospitalaria >5 días (OR, 2.23 [IC 95% 1.20-4.12], p= 0.011), el BUN ≥43 mg/dL (OR, 2.55 [IC 95% 1.31-4.94], p= 0.005) y el NT-proBNP ≥ 4630 pg/dL (OR, 2.47 [IC 95% 1.30-4.70], p= 0.006). Conclusiones: la mortalidad intrahospitalaria de los pacientes con falla cardiaca descompensada en la población evaluada fue alta. En los análisis multivariados, se encontró que el BUN ≥ 43 mg/dL fue el único factor de riesgo independiente asociado a mortalidad intrahospitalaria; mientras que la mortalidad a 30 días se relacionó además con el NT-proBNP y la estancia hospitalaria superior a cinco días.Introduction: heart failure is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide; it has experienced a gradual increase in incidence with no significant variation in outcome in the last two decades. In Colombia there are no studies to evaluate risk factors for mortality, which is the subject of this study. Methods: prospective cohort study in which patients with diagnosis of decompensated heart failure on admission to the emergency department between February 2010 and March 2013 were included. The sample size was calculated and a multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors associated with in-hospital and 30-day mortality. Results: 462 patients were included. Hospital mortality was 8.9% and 30-day mortality 13.8%; in the multivariate model for hospital mortality outcome was observed that the only variable with statistic significance was BUN ≥ 43 mg/dL (OR, 3.45 [95% CI 1.54- 7.74], p = 0.003). For 30 day mortality, hospital stay > 5 days (OR, 2.23 [95% CI 1.20-4.12], p = 0.011), BUN ≥43 mg/dL (OR, 2.55 [95% CI 1.31-4.94] , p = 0.005) and NT-proBNP ≥ 4630 pg/dL (OR, 2.47 [95% CI 1.30-4.70], p = 0.006). Conclusions: in-hospital mortality in patients with decompensated heart failure in the study population was high. In multivariate analysis, it was found that BUN ≥ 43 mg/dL was the only independent risk factor associated with hospital mortality, while the 30-day mortality was also associated with NT-proBNP and hospital stay greater than five days.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-6769N/
Voluntariado en Acción Catálogo de iniciativas de voluntariado Centros de Educación para el Desarrollo.
Este catálogo compila todas las iniciativas de voluntariado que enmarcan y orientan
las acciones de más de dos mil voluntarios anuales que aportan con su tiempo y
conocimiento al fortalecimiento de las comunidades, sus organizaciones sociales
y comunitarias que trabajan decididamente para construir una mejor sociedad.
Durante los últimos tres años hemos apostado por el fortalecimiento de esta
estrategia generando nuevas modalidades, diversos escenarios para el desarrollo
del voluntariado, capacitando a los 19 líderes y los voluntarios en las sedes,
siempre bajo la profunda convicción de que el mundo se puede cambiar cuando
mucha gente pequeña, en lugares pequeños, haciendo cosas pequeñas, logran
tocar la vida de las personas que más lo necesitan
Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years
Colombian consensus recommendations for diagnosis, management and treatment of the infection by SARS-COV-2/ COVID-19 in health care facilities - Recommendations from expert´s group based and informed on evidence
La Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN) y el Instituto de Evaluación de Nuevas Tecnologías de la Salud (IETS) conformó un grupo de trabajo para desarrollar
recomendaciones informadas y basadas en evidencia, por consenso de expertos para la atención, diagnóstico y manejo de casos de Covid 19. Estas guías son
dirigidas al personal de salud y buscar dar recomendaciones en los ámbitos de la atención en salud de los casos de Covid-19, en el contexto nacional de Colombia
Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions