The influence of clamp usage on clot deposit formation inside thoracic drains

Background: A prospective study was done to evaluate the influence of clamp usage on clot formation inside thoracic drains. Methods: Each drain was weighed soon after removal; they were then washed, dried and weighed again. The difference between the first andsecondw eights was taken as the amount of clot deposit formed. Results: We found more clots accumulated inside the drains that were temporarily obstructed by the clamp. Conclusion: In this study, there were more clots formation inside thoracic drains clamped, even if they were occluded intermottently. This can lead thoracic drains to function improperly. The discussion about the correct usage of thoracic drains must he a subject for educational programs for physicians and nurses, to aim for the safest use of this widely used and highly efficient system.Conduziu-se este estudo prospectivo a fim de avaliar-se a influência do uso da braçadeira sobre o acúmulo de coágulos dentro dos drenos pleurais. Os drenos pleurais foram pesados logo após sua retirada, lavados e secados e pesados novamente. A diferença entre a primeira e a segunda pesagem foi admitida como a quantidade de coágulos acumulada. Houve maior acúmulo de coágulo nos drenos temporariamente obstruídos por braçadeira em relação àqueles não obstruídos. Notou-se, neste estudo, maior acúmulo de coágulo dentro de drenos pleurais obstruídos, mesmo que intermitentemente, o que pode levar ao mau funcionamento de todo o sistema de drenagem. A discussão sobre o correto uso dos drenos pleurais deve ser constante e fazer parte de programas de educação continuada para médicos e enfermagem, a fim de que este sistema, amplamente utilizado e altamente eficiente, seja otimizado3527982Lima, A.G., Toro, I.F.C., Tincani, A.J., Barreto, G., A drenagem pleural pré-hospitalar: Apresentação de mecanismo de válvula unidirecional. (2006) Rev Col Bras Cir, 33 (2), pp. 101-106Barton, E.D., Epperson, M., Hoyt, D.B., Fortlage, D., Rosen, P., Prehospital needle aspiration and tube thoracostomy in trauma victims: A six-year experience with aeromedical crews (1995) J Emerg Med, 13 (2), pp. 155-163Hyde, J., Sykes, T., Graham, T., Reducing morbidity from chest drains (1997) BMJ, 314 (7085), pp. 914-915McMahon-Parkes, K., Management of pleural drains (1997) Nurs Times, 93 (52), pp. 48-49Wagner, R.B., Slivko, B., Highlights of the history of nonpenetranting chest trauma (1989) Surg Clin North Am, 69 (1), pp. 1-14Baumann, M.H., What size chest tube? What drainage system is ideal? And other chest tube management questions (2003) Curr Opin Pulm Med, 9 (4), pp. 276-281Harris, D.R., Graham, T.R., Management of intercostal drains (1991) Br J Hosp Med, 45 (6), pp. 383-386Graham, A.N., Cosgrove, A.P., Gibbons, J.R.P., McGuigan, J.A., Randomised clinical trial of chest drainage systems (1992) Thorax, 47 (6), pp. 461-462Symbas, P.N., Chest drainage valve (1978) Emerg Med Serv, 7 (3), pp. 41-46Munnell, E.R., Thoracic drainage (1997) Ann Thorac Surg, 63 (5), pp. 1497-1502Coughlin, A.M., Parchinsky, C., Go with the flow of chest tube therapy (2006) Nursing, 36 (3), pp. 36-41Shuster, P.M., Chest tubes: To clamp or not to clamp (1998) Nurs Educ, 23 (3), pp. 9-13Tooley, C., The management and care of chest drains (2002) Nurs Times Plus, 98 (26), pp. 49-50Bar-El, Y., Ross, A., Kablawi, A., Egenburg, S., Potentially dangerous negative intrapleural pressures generated by ordinary pleural drainage systems (2001) Chest, 119 (2), pp. 511-514Smith, R.N., Fallentine, J., Kessel, S., Underwater chest drainage: Bringing the facts to the surface (1995) Nursing, 25 (2), pp. 60-63Younes, R.N., Gross, J.L., Aguiar, S., Haddad, F.J., Deheinzelin, D., When to remove a chest tube? A randomised study with subsequent prospective consecutive validation (2002) J Am Coll Surg, 195 (5), pp. 658-662Gambazzi, F., Schirren, J., Thoraxdrainagen, Was its "evidence based"? (2003) Chirurg, 74 (2), pp. 99-107Wallen, M., Morrison, A., Gillies, D., O'Riordan, E., Brigde, C., Stoddart, F., Mediastinal chest drain clearance for cardiac surgery (2006) The Cochrane Library, Issue, 1Tattersall, D.J., Traill, Z.C., Gleeson, F.V., Chest drains: Does size matter? (2000) Clin Radiol, 55 (6), pp. 415-421A prospective study was done to evaluate the influence of clamp usage on clot formation inside thoracic drains. Methods: Each drain was weighed soon after removal; they were then washed, dried and weighed again. The difference between the first andsecondw eights was taken as the amount of clot deposit formed. Results: We found more clots accumulated inside the drains that were temporarily obstructed by the clamp. Conclusion: In this study, there were more clots formation inside thoracic drains clamped, even if they were occluded intermottently. This can lead thoracic drains to function improperly. The discussion about the correct usage of thoracic drains must he a subject for educational programs for physicians and nurses, to aim for the safest use of this widely used and highly efficient syste

Theotonio dos Santos (1936-2018), the revolutionary intellectual who pioneered dependency theory

This article analyzes the origins and development of the dependency theory through the life and work of Theotonio Dos Santos. His formative years at the academy and his early political activism in Brazil are examined, particularly, his time at the University of Brasilia with Vania Bambirra, Ruy Mauro Marini and André Gunder Frank ("the quartet"). This is followed by a discussion about their years of exile in Chile where the quartet regrouped at the Center for Socio-Economic Studies (ceso) of the University of Chile, and where they wrote their founding texts on dependency theory. Chile provided fertile ground for the development of this theory due to its intellectual climate, institutionality, and the country's political transformations in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The military overthrow of the Allende government on that fateful September 11th, 1973 forced the quartet once again into exile. The article continues with an analysis of Dos Santos' writings during his exile in Mexico and then back in Brazil. During this period he became involved with world system theory which culminated in the publication of his extensive trilogy on the contemporary crisis of capitalism and social theory

The performance of the jet trigger for the ATLAS detector during 2011 data taking

The performance of the jet trigger for the ATLAS detector at the LHC during the 2011 data taking period is described. During 2011 the LHC provided proton–proton collisions with a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and heavy ion collisions with a 2.76 TeV per nucleon–nucleon collision energy. The ATLAS trigger is a three level system designed to reduce the rate of events from the 40 MHz nominal maximum bunch crossing rate to the approximate 400 Hz which can be written to offline storage. The ATLAS jet trigger is the primary means for the online selection of events containing jets. Events are accepted by the trigger if they contain one or more jets above some transverse energy threshold. During 2011 data taking the jet trigger was fully efficient for jets with transverse energy above 25 GeV for triggers seeded randomly at Level 1. For triggers which require a jet to be identified at each of the three trigger levels, full efficiency is reached for offline jets with transverse energy above 60 GeV. Jets reconstructed in the final trigger level and corresponding to offline jets with transverse energy greater than 60 GeV, are reconstructed with a resolution in transverse energy with respect to offline jets, of better than 4 % in the central region and better than 2.5 % in the forward direction

Measurement of the View the tt production cross-section using eμ events with b-tagged jets in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper describes a measurement of the inclusive top quark pair production cross-section (σtt¯) with a data sample of 3.2 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV, collected in 2015 by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. This measurement uses events with an opposite-charge electron–muon pair in the final state. Jets containing b-quarks are tagged using an algorithm based on track impact parameters and reconstructed secondary vertices. The numbers of events with exactly one and exactly two b-tagged jets are counted and used to determine simultaneously σtt¯ and the efficiency to reconstruct and b-tag a jet from a top quark decay, thereby minimising the associated systematic uncertainties. The cross-section is measured to be: σtt¯ = 818 ± 8 (stat) ± 27 (syst) ± 19 (lumi) ± 12 (beam) pb, where the four uncertainties arise from data statistics, experimental and theoretical systematic effects, the integrated luminosity and the LHC beam energy, giving a total relative uncertainty of 4.4%. The result is consistent with theoretical QCD calculations at next-to-next-to-leading order. A fiducial measurement corresponding to the experimental acceptance of the leptons is also presented

Search for dark matter produced in association with a hadronically decaying vector boson in pp collisions at sqrt (s) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is presented for dark matter produced in association with a hadronically decaying W or Z boson using 3.2 fb−1 of pp collisions at View the MathML sources=13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with a hadronic jet compatible with a W or Z boson and with large missing transverse momentum are analysed. The data are consistent with the Standard Model predictions and are interpreted in terms of both an effective field theory and a simplified model containing dark matter

Search for TeV-scale gravity signatures in high-mass final states with leptons and jets with the ATLAS detector at sqrt [ s ] = 13TeV

A search for physics beyond the Standard Model, in final states with at least one high transverse momentum charged lepton (electron or muon) and two additional high transverse momentum leptons or jets, is performed using 3.2 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 at √s = 13 TeV. The upper end of the distribution of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of leptons and jets is sensitive to the production of high-mass objects. No excess of events beyond Standard Model predictions is observed. Exclusion limits are set for models of microscopic black holes with two to six extra dimensions

Search for resonances in the mass distribution of jet pairs with one or two jets identified as b-jets in proton–proton collisions at √s=13TeV with the ATLAS detector

Searches for high-mass resonances in the dijet invariant mass spectrum with one or two jets identi-fied as b-jets are performed using an integrated luminosity of 3.2fb−1of proton–proton collisions with a centre-of-mass energy of √s=13TeVrecorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Noevidence of anomalous phenomena is observed in the data, which are used to exclude, at 95%credibility level, excited b∗quarks with masses from 1.1TeVto 2.1TeVand leptophobic Z bosons with masses from 1.1TeVto 1.5TeV. Contributions of a Gaussian signal shape with effective cross sections ranging from approximately 0.4 to 0.001pb are also excluded in the mass range 1.5–5.0TeV

Measurement of the double-differential high-mass Drell-Yan cross section in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents a measurement of the double-differential cross section for the Drell-Yan Z/γ∗ → ℓ+ℓ− and photon-induced γγ → ℓ+ℓ− processes where ℓ is an electron or muon. The measurement is performed for invariant masses of the lepton pairs, mℓℓ, between 116 GeV and 1500 GeV using a sample of 20.3 fb−1 of pp collisions data at centre-of-mass energy of √s = 8 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2012. The data are presented double differentially in invariant mass and absolute dilepton rapidity as well as in invariant mass and absolute pseudorapidity separation of the lepton pair. The single-differential cross section as a function of mℓℓ is also reported. The electron and muon channel measurements are combined and a total experimental precision of better than 1% is achieved at low mℓℓ. A comparison to next-to-next-to-leading order perturbative QCD predictions using several recent parton distribution functions and including next-to-leading order electroweak effects indicates the potential of the data to constrain parton distribution functions. In particular, a large impact of the data on the photon PDF is demonstrated

Charged-particle distributions in √s=13 TeV pp interactions measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Charged-particle distributions are measured in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, using a data sample of nearly 9 million events, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 170 μb−1170 μb−1, recorded by the ATLAS detector during a special Large Hadron Collider fill. The charged-particle multiplicity, its dependence on transverse momentum and pseudorapidity and the dependence of the mean transverse momentum on the charged-particle multiplicity are presented. The measurements are performed with charged particles with transverse momentum greater than 500 MeV and absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.5, in events with at least one charged particle satisfying these kinematic requirements. Additional measurements in a reduced phase space with absolute pseudorapidity less than 0.8 are also presented, in order to compare with other experiments. The results are corrected for detector effects, presented as particle-level distributions and are compared to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators

Measurement of W± and Z-boson production cross sections in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

See paper for full list of authors - 17 pages plus author list + cover pages (34 pages total), 5 figures, 3 tables, submitted to Phys. Lett. B, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2015-03/International audienceMeasurements of the $W^{\pm} \rightarrow \ell^{\pm} \nu$ and $Z \rightarrow \ell^+ \ell^-$ production cross sections (where $\ell^{\pm}=e^{\pm},\mu^{\pm}$) in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV are presented using data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 81 pb$^{-1}$. The total inclusive $W^{\pm}$-boson production cross sections times the single-lepton-flavour branching ratios are $\sigma_{W^+}^{tot}= 11.78 \pm 0.02 (stat) \pm 0.32 (sys) \pm 0.59 (lumi)$ nb and $\sigma_{W^-}^{tot} = 8.75 \pm 0.02 (stat) \pm 0.24 (sys) \pm 0.44 (lumi)$ nb for $W^+$ and $W^-$, respectively. The total inclusive $Z$-boson production cross section times leptonic branching ratio, within the invariant mass window $66 < m_{\ell\ell} < 116$ GeV, is $\sigma_{Z}^{tot} = 1.97 \pm 0.01 (stat) \pm 0.04 (sys) \pm 0.10 (lumi)$ nb. The $W^+$, $W^-$, and $Z$-boson production cross sections and cross-section ratios within a fiducial region defined by the detector acceptance are also measured. The cross-section ratios benefit from significant cancellation of experimental uncertainties, resulting in $\sigma_{W^+}^{fid}/\sigma_{W^-}^{fid} = 1.295 \pm 0.003 (stat) \pm 0.010 (sys)$ and $\sigma_{W^{\pm}}^{fid}/\sigma_{Z}^{fid} = 10.31 \pm 0.04 (stat) \pm 0.20 (sys)$. Theoretical predictions, based on calculations accurate to next-to-next-to-leading order for quantum chromodynamics and next-to-leading order for electroweak processes and which employ different parton distribution function sets, are compared to these measurements