Asistencia domiciliaria tras una hospitalización por agudización de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina. Fecha de lectura: 02-04-201

Experimental demonstration of a tunable transverse electric pass polarizer based on hybrid VO2/silicon technology

[EN] A tunable transverse electric (TE) pass polarizer is demonstrated based on hybrid vanadium dioxide/silicon (VO2/Si) technology. The 20-mu m-long TE pass polarizer exploits the phase transition of the active VO2 material to control the rejection of the unwanted transverse magnetic (TM) polarization. The device features insertion losses below 1 dB at static conditions and insertion losses of 5.5 dB and an attenuation of TM polarization of 19 dB in the active state for a wavelength range between 1540 nm and 1570 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that tunable polarizers compatible with Si photonics are demonstrated. (C) 2018 Optical Society of AmericaMinisterio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) (TEC2016-76849); European Commission (EC) [PHRESCO (688579), SITOGA (619456)]; Universitat Politecnica de Valencia; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT).Sánchez Diana, LD.; Olivares-Sánchez-Mellado, I.; Parra Gómez, J.; Menghini, M.; Homm, P.; Locquet, J.; Sanchis Kilders, P. (2018). Experimental demonstration of a tunable transverse electric pass polarizer based on hybrid VO2/silicon technology. Optics Letters. 43(15):3650-3653. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.43.003650S365036534315Liu, L., Ding, Y., Yvind, K., & Hvam, J. M. (2011). Efficient and compact TE–TM polarization converter built on silicon-on-insulator platform with a simple fabrication process. Optics Letters, 36(7), 1059. doi:10.1364/ol.36.001059Alonso-Ramos, C., Halir, R., Ortega-Moñux, A., Cheben, P., Vivien, L., Molina-Fernández, Í., … Schmid, J. (2012). Highly tolerant tunable waveguide polarization rotator scheme. Optics Letters, 37(17), 3534. doi:10.1364/ol.37.003534Zhang, H., Das, S., Zhang, J., Huang, Y., Li, C., Chen, S., … Thong, J. T. L. (2012). Efficient and broadband polarization rotator using horizontal slot waveguide for silicon photonics. Applied Physics Letters, 101(2), 021105. doi:10.1063/1.4734640Azzam, S. I. H., Hameed, M. F. O., Areed, N. F. F., Abd-Elrazzak, M. M., El-Mikaty, H. A., & Obayya, S. S. A. (2014). Proposal of an Ultracompact CMOS-Compatible TE-/TM-Pass Polarizer Based on SoI Platform. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 26(16), 1633-1636. doi:10.1109/lpt.2014.2329416Dai, D., Wang, Z., Julian, N., & Bowers, J. E. (2010). Compact broadband polarizer based on shallowly-etched silicon-on-insulator ridge optical waveguides. Optics Express, 18(26), 27404. doi:10.1364/oe.18.027404Aamer, M., Gutierrez, A. M., Brimont, A., Vermeulen, D., Roelkens, G., Fedeli, J.-M., … Sanchis, P. (2012). CMOS Compatible Silicon-on-Insulator Polarization Rotator Based on Symmetry Breaking of the Waveguide Cross Section. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 24(22), 2031-2034. doi:10.1109/lpt.2012.2218593Xiong, Y., Xu, D.-X., Schmid, J. H., Cheben, P., & Ye, W. N. (2015). High Extinction Ratio and Broadband Silicon TE-Pass Polarizer Using Subwavelength Grating Index Engineering. IEEE Photonics Journal, 7(5), 1-7. doi:10.1109/jphot.2015.2483204Sánchez, L., & Sanchis, P. (2013). Broadband 8 μm long hybrid silicon-plasmonic transverse magnetic–transverse electric converter with losses below 2 dB. Optics Letters, 38(15), 2842. doi:10.1364/ol.38.002842Komatsu, M., Saitoh, K., & Koshiba, M. (2012). Compact Polarization Rotator Based on Surface Plasmon Polariton With Low Insertion Loss. IEEE Photonics Journal, 4(3), 707-714. doi:10.1109/jphot.2012.2195650Caspers, J. N., Alam, M. Z., & Mojahedi, M. (2012). Compact hybrid plasmonic polarization rotator. Optics Letters, 37(22), 4615. doi:10.1364/ol.37.004615Sun, X., Alam, M. Z., Wagner, S. J., Aitchison, J. S., & Mojahedi, M. (2012). Experimental demonstration of a hybrid plasmonic transverse electric pass polarizer for a silicon-on-insulator platform. Optics Letters, 37(23), 4814. doi:10.1364/ol.37.004814Alam, M. Z., Aitchison, J. S., & Mojahedi, M. (2011). Compact and silicon-on-insulator-compatible hybrid plasmonic TE-pass polarizer. Optics Letters, 37(1), 55. doi:10.1364/ol.37.000055Jin, L., Chen, Q., & Wen, L. (2014). Mode-coupling polarization rotator based on plasmonic waveguide. Optics Letters, 39(9), 2798. doi:10.1364/ol.39.002798Caspers, J. N., Aitchison, J. S., & Mojahedi, M. (2013). Experimental demonstration of an integrated hybrid plasmonic polarization rotator. Optics Letters, 38(20), 4054. doi:10.1364/ol.38.004054Briggs, R. M., Pryce, I. M., & Atwater, H. A. (2010). Compact silicon photonic waveguide modulator based on the vanadium dioxide metal-insulator phase transition. Optics Express, 18(11), 11192. doi:10.1364/oe.18.011192Ryckman, J. D., Hallman, K. A., Marvel, R. E., Haglund, R. F., & Weiss, S. M. (2013). Ultra-compact silicon photonic devices reconfigured by an optically induced semiconductor-to-metal transition. Optics Express, 21(9), 10753. doi:10.1364/oe.21.010753Markov, P., Marvel, R. E., Conley, H. J., Miller, K. J., Haglund, R. F., & Weiss, S. M. (2015). Optically Monitored Electrical Switching in VO2. ACS Photonics, 2(8), 1175-1182. doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00244Joushaghani, A., Jeong, J., Paradis, S., Alain, D., Stewart Aitchison, J., & Poon, J. K. S. (2015). Wavelength-size hybrid Si-VO_2 waveguide electroabsorption optical switches and photodetectors. Optics Express, 23(3), 3657. doi:10.1364/oe.23.003657Sánchez, L., Lechago, S., & Sanchis, P. (2015). Ultra-compact TE and TM pass polarizers based on vanadium dioxide on silicon. Optics Letters, 40(7), 1452. doi:10.1364/ol.40.001452Sanchez, L., Lechago, S., Gutierrez, A., & Sanchis, P. (2016). Analysis and Design Optimization of a Hybrid VO2/Silicon2 $\times$ 2 Microring Switch. IEEE Photonics Journal, 8(2), 1-9. doi:10.1109/jphot.2016.2551463Miller, K. J., Hallman, K. A., Haglund, R. F., & Weiss, S. M. (2017). Silicon waveguide optical switch with embedded phase change material. Optics Express, 25(22), 26527. doi:10.1364/oe.25.026527Clark, J. K., Ho, Y.-L., Matsui, H., & Delaunay, J.-J. (2018). Optically Pumped Hybrid Plasmonic-Photonic Waveguide Modulator Using the VO2 Metal-Insulator Phase Transition. IEEE Photonics Journal, 10(1), 1-9. doi:10.1109/jphot.2017.2784429Ko, C., & Ramanathan, S. (2008). Observation of electric field-assisted phase transition in thin film vanadium oxide in a metal-oxide-semiconductor device geometry. Applied Physics Letters, 93(25), 252101. doi:10.1063/1.3050464Zimmers, A., Aigouy, L., Mortier, M., Sharoni, A., Wang, S., West, K. G., … Schuller, I. K. (2013). Role of Thermal Heating on the Voltage Induced Insulator-Metal Transition inVO2. Physical Review Letters, 110(5). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.056601Kats, M. A., Blanchard, R., Genevet, P., Yang, Z., Qazilbash, M. M., Basov, D. N., … Capasso, F. (2013). Thermal tuning of mid-infrared plasmonic antenna arrays using a phase change material. Optics Letters, 38(3), 368. doi:10.1364/ol.38.000368Chae, B.-G., Kim, H.-T., Youn, D.-H., & Kang, K.-Y. (2005). Abrupt metal–insulator transition observed in VO2 thin films induced by a switching voltage pulse. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 369(1-4), 76-80. doi:10.1016/j.physb.2005.07.032Ruzmetov, D., Gopalakrishnan, G., Deng, J., Narayanamurti, V., & Ramanathan, S. (2009). Electrical triggering of metal-insulator transition in nanoscale vanadium oxide junctions. Journal of Applied Physics, 106(8), 083702. doi:10.1063/1.3245338Lee, S. B., Kim, K., Oh, J. S., Kahng, B., & Lee, J. S. (2013). Origin of variation in switching voltages in threshold-switching phenomena of VO2 thin films. Applied Physics Letters, 102(6), 063501. doi:10.1063/1.4790842Joushaghani, A., Jeong, J., Paradis, S., Alain, D., Stewart Aitchison, J., & Poon, J. K. S. (2014). Voltage-controlled switching and thermal effects in VO2 nano-gap junctions. Applied Physics Letters, 104(22), 221904. doi:10.1063/1.4881155Yang, Z., Hart, S., Ko, C., Yacoby, A., & Ramanathan, S. (2011). Studies on electric triggering of the metal-insulator transition in VO2thin films between 77 K and 300 K. Journal of Applied Physics, 110(3), 033725. doi:10.1063/1.3619806Yoon, J., Lee, G., Park, C., Mun, B. S., & Ju, H. (2014). Investigation of length-dependent characteristics of the voltage-induced metal insulator transition in VO2 film devices. Applied Physics Letters, 105(8), 083503. doi:10.1063/1.4893783Sánchez, L., Rosa, A., Griol, A., Gutierrez, A., Homm, P., Van Bilzen, B., … Sanchis, P. (2017). Impact of the external resistance on the switching power consumption in VO2 nano gap junctions. Applied Physics Letters, 111(3), 031904. doi:10.1063/1.4994326Ryckman, J. D., Diez-Blanco, V., Nag, J., Marvel, R. E., Choi, B. K., Haglund, R. F., & Weiss, S. M. (2012). Photothermal optical modulation of ultra-compact hybrid Si-VO_2 ring resonators. Optics Express, 20(12), 13215. doi:10.1364/oe.20.013215Abreu, E., Gilbert Corder, S. N., Yun, S. J., Wang, S., Ramírez, J. G., West, K., … Averitt, R. D. (2017). Ultrafast electron-lattice coupling dynamics in VO2 and V2O3 thin films. Physical Review B, 96(9). doi:10.1103/physrevb.96.094309Van Bilzen, B., Homm, P., Dillemans, L., Su, C.-Y., Menghini, M., Sousa, M., … Locquet, J.-P. (2015). Production of VO2 thin films through post-deposition annealing of V2O3 and VOx films. Thin Solid Films, 591, 143-148. doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2015.08.036Olivares, I., Sánchez, L., Parra, J., Larrea, R., Griol, A., Menghini, M., … Sanchis, P. (2018). Optical switching in hybrid VO2/Si waveguides thermally triggered by lateral microheaters. Optics Express, 26(10), 12387. doi:10.1364/oe.26.012387Rosa, Á., Gutiérrez, A., Brimont, A., Griol, A., & Sanchis, P. (2016). High performace silicon 2x2 optical switch based on a thermo-optically tunable multimode interference coupler and efficient electrodes. Optics Express, 24(1), 191. doi:10.1364/oe.24.000191Shibuya, K., Kawasaki, M., & Tokura, Y. (2010). Metal-insulator transition in epitaxial V1−xWxO2(0≤x≤0.33) thin films. Applied Physics Letters, 96(2), 022102. doi:10.1063/1.3291053Ahuja, R., Granqvist, C. G., Hermansson, K., Niklasson, G. A., & Scheicher, R. H. (2012). Optical properties of Mg-doped VO2: Absorption measurements and hybrid functional calculations. Applied Physics Letters, 101(20), 201902. doi:10.1063/1.4766167Miyazaki, K., Shibuya, K., Suzuki, M., Wado, H., & Sawa, A. (2014). Correlation between thermal hysteresis width and broadening of metal–insulator transition in Cr- and Nb-doped VO2films. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 53(7), 071102. doi:10.7567/jjap.53.071102Niklasson, G. A., Granqvist, C. G., & Hunderi, O. (1981). Effective medium models for the optical properties of inhomogeneous materials. Applied Optics, 20(1), 26. doi:10.1364/ao.20.000026Jepsen, P. U., Fischer, B. M., Thoman, A., Helm, H., Suh, J. Y., Lopez, R., & Haglund, R. F. (2006). Metal-insulator phase transition in aVO2thin film observed with terahertz spectroscopy. Physical Review B, 74(20). doi:10.1103/physrevb.74.205103Fang, X., & Yang, L. (2017). Thermal effect analysis of silicon microring optical switch for on-chip interconnect. Journal of Semiconductors, 38(10), 104004. doi:10.1088/1674-4926/38/10/10400

Disminución de reingresos tras una hospitalización por exacerbación de EPOC a través de un modelo de atención domiciliaria

To decrease readmissions at 30 and 90 days post-discharge from a hospital admission for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation (COPDE)through the home care model ofthe Ambulatory Chronic Respiratory Care Unit (ACRCU), increase patient survival at one year, and validate our readmission risk scale (RRS). Materials and methods: This was an observational study, with a prospective data collection and a retrospective data analysis. A total of 491 patients with a spirometry diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requiring hospitalisation for an exacerbation were included in the study. Subjects recruited within the first year (204 cases) received conventional care (CC). In the following year a home care (HC) programme was implemented and of those recruited that year (287) 104 were included in the ACRCU, administered by a specialised nurse. Results: In the group of patients included in the home care model of the Ambulatory Chronic Respiratory Care Unit(ACRCU) a lower number of readmissions was observed at 30 and 90 days after discharge (30.5% vs. 50%, p = 0.012 and 47.7% vs. 65.2%, p = 0.031, respectively) and a greater one-year survival (85.3% vs. 59.1%, p < 0.001). The validation of our RRS revealed that the tool’s capacity to predict readmissions at both 30 and 90 days was not high (AUC = 0.69 and AUC = 0.66, respectively). The inclusion of exacerbator or fragile COPD patients in the ACRCU could achieve a decrease in readmissions and an increase in survival. The number of episodes of exacerbation within the 12 months prior to the hospital admission is the variable that best predicts the risk of readmissionDisminuir los reingresos a los 30 y 90 días tras el alta por un ingreso hospitalario por exacerbación de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) a través del modelo de atención domiciliaria de la Unidad de Cuidados Crónicos Respiratorios Ambulatorios (UCCRA), aumentar la supervivencia al año y validar nuestra escala de riesgo de reingreso (ERR). Estudio observacional con recogida prospectiva de datos. Se incluyó en el estudio a un total de 491 pacientes con diagnóstico espirométrico de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica que requirieron hospitalización por una agudización. Los sujetos reclutados dentro del primer año (204 casos) recibieron atención convencional (AC). Al año siguiente se implementó un programa de atención domiciliaria (AD) y de los pacientes reclutados ese año (287), 104 fueron incluidos en la UCCRA con seguimiento de una enfermera especializada. En el grupo de pacientes incluidos en el modelo de atención domiciliaria de la UCCRA se observó un menor número de reingresos a los 30 y 90 días tras el alta (30,5% vs 50%, p = 0,012 y 47,7% vs. 65,2%, p = 0,031, respectivamente) y una mayor supervivencia al año (85,3% vs. 59,1%, p < 0,001). La validación de nuestra ERR reveló que la capacidad de la misma para predecir reingresos tanto a los 30 como a los 90 días no era alta (AUC = 0,69 y AUC = 0,66, respectivamente). La inclusión de pacientes con EPOC agudizadores o frágiles en la UCCRA podría conseguir una disminución de los reingresos y una aumento de la supervivencia. El número de agudizaciones en los 12 meses previos al ingreso hospitalario es la variable que mejor predice el riesgo de reingres

Optical switching in hybrid VO2/Si waveguides thermally triggered by lateral microheaters

© 2018 Optical Society of America. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibited"[EN] The performance of optical devices relying in vanadium dioxide (VO2) technology compatible with the silicon platform depends on the polarization of light and VO2 properties. In this work, optical switching in hybrid VO2/Si waveguides thermally triggered by lateral microheaters is achieved with insertion losses below 1 dB and extinction ratios above 20 dB in a broad bandwidth larger than 30 nm. The optical switching response has been optimized for TE and TM polarizations by using a homogeneous and a granular VO2 layer, respectively, with a small impact on the electrical power consumption. The stability and reversibility between switching states showing the possibility of bistable performance is also demonstrated. (C) 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement.Funding from project TEC2016-76849 (MINECO/FEDER, UE) is acknowledged. The SOI samples were fabricated at IHP (we acknowledge Lars Zimmermann) in the framework of FP7-ICT-2013-11-619456 SITOGA project. Irene Olivares and Roberto Larrea also acknowledge respectively the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia and the Ecuadorian Government for funding their grant. P.H. acknowledges support from Becas Chile-CONICYT.Olivares-Sánchez-Mellado, I.; Sánchez Diana, LD.; Parra Gómez, J.; Larrea-Luzuriaga, RA.; Griol Barres, A.; Menghini, M.; Homm, P.... (2018). Optical switching in hybrid VO2/Si waveguides thermally triggered by lateral microheaters. Optics Express. 26(10):12387-12395. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.012387S12387123952610Sorger, V. J., Lanzillotti-Kimura, N. D., Ma, R.-M., & Zhang, X. (2012). Ultra-compact silicon nanophotonic modulator with broadband response. Nanophotonics, 1(1), 17-22. doi:10.1515/nanoph-2012-0009Liang, H., Soref, R., Mu, J., Majumdar, A., Li, X., & Huang, W.-P. (2015). Simulations of Silicon-on-Insulator Channel-Waveguide Electrooptical 2 × 2 Switches and 1 × 1 Modulators Using a ${\bf Ge_2}{\bf Sb_2}{\bf Te_5}$ Self-Holding Layer. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 33(9), 1805-1813. doi:10.1109/jlt.2015.2393293Seo, G., Kim, B.-J., Ko, C., Cui, Y., Lee, Y. W., Shin, J.-H., … Kim, H.-T. (2011). Voltage-Pulse-Induced Switching Dynamics in $\hbox{VO}_{2}$ Thin-Film Devices on Silicon. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 32(11), 1582-1584. doi:10.1109/led.2011.2163922Yang, Z., Ko, C., & Ramanathan, S. (2011). Oxide Electronics Utilizing Ultrafast Metal-Insulator Transitions. Annual Review of Materials Research, 41(1), 337-367. doi:10.1146/annurev-matsci-062910-100347Vitale, W. A., Casu, E. A., Biswas, A., Rosca, T., Alper, C., Krammer, A., … Ionescu, A. M. (2017). A Steep-Slope Transistor Combining Phase-Change and Band-to-Band-Tunneling to Achieve a sub-Unity Body Factor. Scientific Reports, 7(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00359-6Zimmers, A., Aigouy, L., Mortier, M., Sharoni, A., Wang, S., West, K. G., … Schuller, I. K. (2013). Role of Thermal Heating on the Voltage Induced Insulator-Metal Transition inVO2. Physical Review Letters, 110(5). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.056601Kats, M. A., Blanchard, R., Genevet, P., Yang, Z., Qazilbash, M. M., Basov, D. N., … Capasso, F. (2013). Thermal tuning of mid-infrared plasmonic antenna arrays using a phase change material. Optics Letters, 38(3), 368. doi:10.1364/ol.38.000368Chae, B.-G., Kim, H.-T., Youn, D.-H., & Kang, K.-Y. (2005). Abrupt metal–insulator transition observed in VO2 thin films induced by a switching voltage pulse. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 369(1-4), 76-80. doi:10.1016/j.physb.2005.07.032Ruzmetov, D., Gopalakrishnan, G., Deng, J., Narayanamurti, V., & Ramanathan, S. (2009). Electrical triggering of metal-insulator transition in nanoscale vanadium oxide junctions. Journal of Applied Physics, 106(8), 083702. doi:10.1063/1.3245338Joushaghani, A., Jeong, J., Paradis, S., Alain, D., Stewart Aitchison, J., & Poon, J. K. S. (2014). Voltage-controlled switching and thermal effects in VO2 nano-gap junctions. Applied Physics Letters, 104(22), 221904. doi:10.1063/1.4881155Markov, P., Marvel, R. E., Conley, H. J., Miller, K. J., Haglund, R. F., & Weiss, S. M. (2015). Optically Monitored Electrical Switching in VO2. ACS Photonics, 2(8), 1175-1182. doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00244Yang, Z., Hart, S., Ko, C., Yacoby, A., & Ramanathan, S. (2011). Studies on electric triggering of the metal-insulator transition in VO2thin films between 77 K and 300 K. Journal of Applied Physics, 110(3), 033725. doi:10.1063/1.3619806Yoon, J., Lee, G., Park, C., Mun, B. S., & Ju, H. (2014). Investigation of length-dependent characteristics of the voltage-induced metal insulator transition in VO2 film devices. Applied Physics Letters, 105(8), 083503. doi:10.1063/1.4893783Sánchez, L., Rosa, A., Griol, A., Gutierrez, A., Homm, P., Van Bilzen, B., … Sanchis, P. (2017). Impact of the external resistance on the switching power consumption in VO2 nano gap junctions. Applied Physics Letters, 111(3), 031904. doi:10.1063/1.4994326Ryckman, J. D., Diez-Blanco, V., Nag, J., Marvel, R. E., Choi, B. K., Haglund, R. F., & Weiss, S. M. (2012). Photothermal optical modulation of ultra-compact hybrid Si-VO_2 ring resonators. Optics Express, 20(12), 13215. doi:10.1364/oe.20.013215Ryckman, J. D., Hallman, K. A., Marvel, R. E., Haglund, R. F., & Weiss, S. M. (2013). Ultra-compact silicon photonic devices reconfigured by an optically induced semiconductor-to-metal transition. Optics Express, 21(9), 10753. doi:10.1364/oe.21.010753Abreu, E., Gilbert Corder, S. N., Yun, S. J., Wang, S., Ramírez, J. G., West, K., … Averitt, R. D. (2017). Ultrafast electron-lattice coupling dynamics in VO2 and V2O3 thin films. Physical Review B, 96(9). doi:10.1103/physrevb.96.094309Sánchez, L., Lechago, S., & Sanchis, P. (2015). Ultra-compact TE and TM pass polarizers based on vanadium dioxide on silicon. Optics Letters, 40(7), 1452. doi:10.1364/ol.40.001452Joushaghani, A., Jeong, J., Paradis, S., Alain, D., Stewart Aitchison, J., & Poon, J. K. S. (2015). Wavelength-size hybrid Si-VO_2 waveguide electroabsorption optical switches and photodetectors. Optics Express, 23(3), 3657. doi:10.1364/oe.23.003657Diana, L. D. S., Juan, F. C., Escutia, A. R., & Kilders, P. S. (2017). Ultra-compact electro-absorption VO2–Si modulator with TM to TE conversion. Journal of Optics, 19(3), 035401. doi:10.1088/2040-8986/aa5c06Sanchez, L., Lechago, S., Gutierrez, A., & Sanchis, P. (2016). Analysis and Design Optimization of a Hybrid VO2/Silicon2 $\times$ 2 Microring Switch. IEEE Photonics Journal, 8(2), 1-9. doi:10.1109/jphot.2016.2551463Miller, K. J., Hallman, K. A., Haglund, R. F., & Weiss, S. M. (2017). Silicon waveguide optical switch with embedded phase change material. Optics Express, 25(22), 26527. doi:10.1364/oe.25.026527Clark, J. K., Ho, Y.-L., Matsui, H., & Delaunay, J.-J. (2018). Optically Pumped Hybrid Plasmonic-Photonic Waveguide Modulator Using the VO2 Metal-Insulator Phase Transition. IEEE Photonics Journal, 10(1), 1-9. doi:10.1109/jphot.2017.2784429Kumar, S., Pickett, M. D., Strachan, J. P., Gibson, G., Nishi, Y., & Williams, R. S. (2013). Local Temperature Redistribution and Structural Transition During Joule‐Heating‐Driven Conductance Switching in VO 2. 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EuReCa ONE—27 Nations, ONE Europe, ONE Registry A prospective one month analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in 27 countries in Europe

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the EuReCa ONE study was to determine the incidence, process, and outcome for out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) throughout Europe.MethodsThis was an international, prospective, multi-centre one-month study. Patients who suffered an OHCA during October 2014 who were attended and/or treated by an Emergency Medical Service (EMS) were eligible for inclusion in the study. Data were extracted from national, regional or local registries.ResultsData on 10,682 confirmed OHCAs from 248 regions in 27 countries, covering an estimated population of 174 million. In 7146 (66%) cases, CPR was started by a bystander or by the EMS. The incidence of CPR attempts ranged from 19.0 to 104.0 per 100,000 population per year. 1735 had ROSC on arrival at hospital (25.2%), Overall, 662/6414 (10.3%) in all cases with CPR attempted survived for at least 30 days or to hospital discharge.ConclusionThe results of EuReCa ONE highlight that OHCA is still a major public health problem accounting for a substantial number of deaths in Europe.EuReCa ONE very clearly demonstrates marked differences in the processes for data collection and reported outcomes following OHCA all over Europe. Using these data and analyses, different countries, regions, systems, and concepts can benchmark themselves and may learn from each other to further improve survival following one of our major health care events

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements