Estudio de factibilidad para la implementación de la planta despulpadora y comercializadora de frutas en el municipio de Nilo - Cundinamarca.

Determinar la viabilidad para la creación y puesta en marcha de una empresa dedicada a la producción y comercialización de pulpa de frutas en el Municipio de Nilo Cundinamarca.La idea de este proyecto surge de la necesidad de encontrar nuevos mercados para la comercialización de pulpa de frutas como maracuyá, guanábana y mango en esta región de Cundinamarca, puesto que en la actualidad debido a la deficiente programación de la producción e incipiente estructura de los canales de comercialización; lo productores de fruta tienen dificultades que se traducen en pérdidas económicas y desperdicio de alimentos. La creación de empresa se constituye en una oportunidad de negocio que permita generar empleo, enfocadas en la industrialización de las pulpas de fruta que pueden beneficiar de manera indirecta el crecimiento y desarrollo económico y social en áreas rurales del Municipio de Nilo Cundinamarca y por consiguiente contribuir al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de los pobladores

Debido proceso vs actuación administrativa en el derecho sancionatorio en Colombia 2017

Se observa que la actuación administrativa supone una limitación impuesta por la ley respecto al “derecho fundamental de acceso a la justicia en la” efectividad de su aplicación jurídica integral y en claro perjuicio de la prevalencia del principio de legalidad dentro de “las decisiones que adopte la administración”, puesto que si se atiende a la noción y elementos del acto administrativo se tiene que los elementos de validez atiende a preservar derechos, principios y valores de orden constitucional, y no pueden desconocer prerrogativas del administrado, estando la actuación administrativa, o vía administrativa dispuesta para que en ejercicio de la “auto tutela” la administración aclare, modifique o revoque la decisión adoptada, y no para ser un obstáculo en el acceso a la justicia del administrado perjudicado con el acto administrativo imperfecto. Se identifica que el “Código de Procedimiento Administrativo y de lo Contencioso Administrativo no” desconoce el debido proceso la normatividad ha desarrollado criterios generales con finalidad de protección del ciudadano y en garantía “del debido proceso y acceso a la justicia” tiene mecanismos efectivos mediante los cuales la administración mejora sus decisiones, que a pesar de existir, infortunadamente no facilita la aplicabilidad al derecho fundamental, pues su regulación jurídica de forma dispersa, desordenada, “no ha permitido una efectiva aplicación de los servidores públicos y mucho menos un conocimiento adecuado de los ciudadanos, para exigir su utilización”. Se determina del ejercicio hermenéutico de “los pronunciamientos de la Corte Constitucional y Consejo de Estado en” Colombia vigentes para el año 2017 hay garantía del “derecho fundamental” del acceso a la justicia en el debido proceso dentro del procedimiento administrativo principalmente de carácter sancionatorio. Se sostiene que el “agotamiento de la vía gubernativa” denominada la ley “de Procedimiento Administrativo y de lo Contencioso Administrativo” unge principios esenciales y fundamentales para proteger ante todo el debido proceso, como son: “igualdad, imparcialidad,” moralidad, buena fe, participación, transparencia, publicidad, responsabilidad, coordinación, “celeridad, eficiencia, economía, rapidez”. en el mismo sentido, el agotamiento de la actuación administrativa deviene en escenarios complejos en donde este requisito puede suponer la vigencia del acto administrativo viciado; así se tiene que la vía gubernativa no se reduce únicamente respecto a la posibilidad de interponer la nulidad y restablecimiento del derecho, pues este requisito previo también es necesario cuando se interpone la acción de grupo contra un acto administrativo, o cuando no existe claridad respecto a la congruencia fáctica y jurídica entre el recurso de apelación, y el medio de control de “nulidad y restablecimiento del derecho”, caso en el cual, se maximiza la afectación del acceso a la justicia en procura de formalismos y derechos judiciales otorgados a la administración. Se determina que la doctrina ha discutido acerca de la potestad sancionadora de la Administración dejando en evidencia cierta deuda con relación a una regulación de los procedimientos sancionatorios, lo cual incluye los principios por los cuales se regirán, con el objeto de evitar abusos y arbitrariedades. Este antecedente permite vislumbrar la problemática del debido proceso en el contexto latinoamericano.It is observed that the administrative action supposes a limitation imposed by the law with respect to the "fundamental right of access to justice in the" effectiveness of its integral legal application and in clear prejudice of the prevalence of the principle of legality within "the decisions that it adopts the administration ", since if the notion and elements of the administrative act are taken into account, the elements of validity must preserve rights, principles and values of constitutional order, and can not disregard the prerogatives of the administrated, being the administrative action, or administrative way arranged so that in the exercise of the "self-protection" the administration clarifies, modifies or revokes the adopted decision, and not to be an obstacle in the access to justice of the affected administration with the imperfect administrative act. It is identified that the "Code of Administrative Procedure and Administrative Litigation" does not ignore the due process of the regulations has developed general criteria for the protection of the citizen and as a guarantee "of due process and access to justice" has effective mechanisms through which the administration improves its decisions, that in spite of existing, unfortunately does not facilitate the applicability to the fundamental right, because its legal regulation in a dispersed, disorderly way, "has not allowed an effective application of the public servants, much less an adequate knowledge of the citizens, to demand their use ". It is determined from the hermeneutic exercise of "the pronouncements of the Constitutional Court and Council of State in" Colombia in force for the year 2017 there is a guarantee of the "fundamental right" of access to justice in due process within the administrative procedure, mainly of a sanctioning nature. It is maintained that the "exhaustion of the governmental way" called the "Administrative Procedure and Contentious Administrative Law" unites essential and fundamental principles to protect due process, such as: "equality, impartiality," morality, good faith , participation, transparency, publicity, responsibility, coordination, "Speed, efficiency, economy, speed". in the same sense, the exhaustion of administrative action becomes complex scenarios where this requirement may suppose the validity of the flawed administrative act; Thus, the governmental way is not reduced only with respect to the possibility of filing the nullity and reinstatement of the right, since this prerequisite is also necessary when the group action is brought against an administrative act, or when there is no clarity with respect to the factual and legal congruence between the appeal, and the means of control of "nullity and restoration of the right", case in which, the affectation of the access to justice is maximized in search of formalities and judicial rights granted to the administration . It is determined that the doctrine has discussed the sanctioning power of the Administration, leaving in evidence a certain debt in relation to a regulation of sanctioning procedures, which includes the principles by which they will be governed, in order to avoid abuses and arbitrariness. This background allows us to glimpse the problem of due process in the Latin American context

Farmacovigilancia en Colombia

Se puede decir que la farmacovigilancia es indispensable en la identificación, evaluación, prevención y detección de problemas relacionados con los medicamentos, y es responsabilidad de todos los agentes implicados (pacientes, familiares, clínicas y hospitales, laboratorios farmacéuticos y secretarias de salud) la notificación de dichos reportes. Para la recolección de dicha información la farmacovigilancia cuenta con diferentes métodos, gracias a dichos métodos se puede detectar y notificar: reacciones adversas a los medicamentos (RAM), errores de medicación (EM), problemas relacionados con los medicamentos (PRM) y los problemas relacionados con el uso de los medicamentos (PRUM). Esa información es enviada a la entidad de vigilancia de medicamentos y alimentos INVIMA, con el ánimo de determinar realmente el perfil de seguridad de los medicamentos que son comercializados, generando lineamientos y directrices nacionales que faciliten realizar vigilancia a los medicamentos en la etapa de post- comercialización y sirve para intercambiar y transferir información conocimientos sobre riesgo de sufrir algún evento adverso o cualquier problema relacionado con medicamentos. Es así, nosotros como regentes de Farmacia desempeñamos un papel muy importante en el campo de la Farmacovigilancia, desde el desarrollo de las actividades y procesos del servicio Farmacéutico.It can be said that pharmacovigilance is essential in the identification, evaluation, prevention and detection of problems related to medications, and it is the responsibility of all the agents involved (patients, relatives, clinics and hospitals, pharmaceutical laboratories and health secretaries) to notify of said reports. For the collection of said information, the pharmacovigilance has different methods such as active and passive notification and by epidemiological studies, thanks to these methods it is possible to detect and report: adverse drug reactions (RAM), medication errors (EM), problems drug-related (PRM) and drug- related problems (PRUM). This information is sent to the entity for the surveillance of medicines and foods INVIMA, with the aim of really determining the safety profile of the medicines that are marketed, generating national guidelines and guidelines that facilitate surveillance of medicines at the post-stage. marketing and serves to exchange and transfer knowledge information about the risk of suffering an adverse event or any problem related to medications. This is how we as Pharmacy regents play a very important role in the field of Pharmacovigilance, from the development of the activities and processes of the Pharmaceutical service

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat