Oportunidades de acceso a fuentes de financiación para el fomento del emprendimiento en los estudiantes de los departamentos de la zona sur de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia-UNAD

De acuerdo a estadísticas del DANE el desempleo en los departamentos de la zona sur, presentan el más alto índice por encima de la media nacional y la falta de un empleo digno en Colombia, han hecho que el Emprendimiento se convierta en una oportunidad, pues las personas han implementado iniciativas para generar su propio empleo y recursos que les permitan lograr su independencia y estabilidad económica para mejorar su calidad de vida. Teniendo como fundamento que el emprendimiento debe ser el eje central y fundamental en el proceso educativo de todos los estudiantes, como lo indica en la ley 1014 de 2006 la cual menciona que se debe promover el espíritu emprendedor en las instituciones educativas; teniendo en cuenta lo anterior y tomando el emprendimiento como factor de crecimiento económico nace la siguiente propuesta que tiene como objetivo Identificar entidades que brinden fuentes de financiación pertinentes a iniciativas empresariales de los departamentos que conforman la zona sur de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNAD (Tolima, Huila, Caquetá y Putumayo). La siguiente investigación busca generar conocimiento frente a las convocatorias existentes que ofrecen la oportunidad de brindar capital semilla a todos los emprendedores, mediante la creación de una ruta de acceso y poder difundir dicha información entre los estudiantes, con el fin de materializar sus proyectos y que a su vez promuevan la generación de empleo y por consiguiente mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas, igualmente dicha información fortalece la unidad de emprendimiento de la UNAD, que a futuro podrá promover la información a todos los estudiantes de la universidad. Todo lo anterior se realizará en el marco de una investigación bajo el enfoque de investigación mixta de tipo descriptiva y mediante la realización de un diagnóstico donde se logrará identificar el grado de conocimiento de los estudiantes frente a las oportunidades económicas que ofrecen los departamentos relacionados, la zona o el país pertinentes a los proyectos de emprendimiento generados por estudiantes de la UNAD, evidenciados así la pertinencia de la investigación.Abstract According to DANE statistics, unemployment in the departments of the southern zone, with the highest index above the national average and the lack of decent employment in Colombia, have made Entrepreneurship an opportunity, since people have implemented initiatives to generate their own employment and resources that allow them to achieve their independence and economic stability to improve their quality of life. Having as a foundation that entrepreneurship should be the central and fundamental axis in the educational process of all students, as indicated in Law 1014 of 2006, which mentions that entrepreneurial spirit should be promoted in educational institutions; Taking into account the foregoing and taking entrepreneurship as a factor of economic growth, the following proposal is born that aims to identify entities that provide funding sources relevant to business initiatives of the departments that make up the southern area of the National Open University and Distance UNAD ( Tolima, Huila, Caquetá and Putumayo). The following research seeks to generate knowledge in front of the existing calls that offer the opportunity to provide seed capital to all entrepreneurs, by creating an access route and being able to disseminate this information among students, in order to materialize their projects and At the same time, they promote the generation of employment and, consequently, improve the quality of life of the people. This information also strengthens the UNADs entrepreneurship unit, which in the future will be able to promote information to all the students of the university. All of the above will be carried out in the framework of a research under the mixed research approach of a descriptive type and through the realization of a diagnosis where the degree of knowledge of the students will be identified in front of the economic opportunities offered by the related departments, the zone or country relevant to the entrepreneurship projects generated by UNAD students, thus evidencing the relevance of the research

A Comprehensive Study on Pain Assessment from Multimodal Sensor Data

Pain assessment is a critical aspect of healthcare, influencing timely interventions and patient well-being. Traditional pain evaluation methods often rely on subjective patient reports, leading to inaccuracies and disparities in treatment, especially for patients who present difficulties to communicate due to cognitive impairments. Our contributions are three-fold. Firstly, we analyze the correlations of the data extracted from biomedical sensors. Then, we use state-of-the-art computer vision techniques to analyze videos focusing on the facial expressions of the patients, both per-frame and using the temporal context. We compare them and provide a baseline for pain assessment methods using two popular benchmarks: UNBC-McMaster Shoulder Pain Expression Archive Database and BioVid Heat Pain Database. We achieved an accuracy of over 96% and over 94% for the F1 Score, recall and precision metrics in pain estimation using single frames with the UNBC-McMaster dataset, employing state-of-the-art computer vision techniques such as Transformer-based architectures for vision tasks. In addition, from the conclusions drawn from the study, future lines of work in this area are discussed

A Comprehensive Study on Pain Assessment from Multimodal Sensor Data

Pain assessment is a critical aspect of healthcare, influencing timely interventions and patient well-being. Traditional pain evaluation methods often rely on subjective patient reports, leading to inaccuracies and disparities in treatment, especially for patients who present difficulties to communicate due to cognitive impairments. Our contributions are three-fold. Firstly, we analyze the correlations of the data extracted from biomedical sensors. Then, we use state-of-the-art computer vision techniques to analyze videos focusing on the facial expressions of the patients, both per-frame and using the temporal context. We compare them and provide a baseline for pain assessment methods using two popular benchmarks: UNBC-McMaster Shoulder Pain Expression Archive Database and BioVid Heat Pain Database. We achieved an accuracy of over 96% and over 94% for the F1 Score, recall and precision metrics in pain estimation using single frames with the UNBC-McMaster dataset, employing state-of-the-art computer vision techniques such as Transformer-based architectures for vision tasks. In addition, from the conclusions drawn from the study, future lines of work in this area are discussed.We would like to thank “A way of making Europe” European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 for supporting this work under the “CHAN-TWIN” project (grant TED2021-130890B-C21). HORIZON-MSCA-2021-SE-0 action number: 101086387, REMARKABLE, Rural Environmental Monitoring via ultra wide-ARea networKs and distriButed federated Learning. CIAICO/2022/132 Consolidated group project “AI4Health” funded by Valencian government and International Center for Aging Research ICAR funded project “IASISTEM”. This work has also been supported by a Spanish national and two regional grants for PhD studies, FPU21/00414, CIACIF/2021/430 and CIACIF/2022/175

La técnica del cultivo sin suelo y su contribución al mejoramiento tecnológico de la agricultura bajo cubierta: Un análisis bibliométrico.

The use of soilless cropping systems (SCS) in cover crop agriculture has become very popular mainly because it allows the intensification of horticultural production in many regions of the world. Likewise, this type of cropping system generates some productive, social, and environmental benefits, characteristics that are increasingly demanded and sought after in agriculture, under the current scenario of population increase and environmental crisis. SCS in Latin America have not been massively implemented by producers, due to various social and economic factors. However, greenhouse agriculture established in natural soil is highly vulnerable, due to the loss of physical and chemical quality of the soil where the greenhouse is established and, in turn, due to the more frequent and severe attack of pests and diseases that originate in the soil. Therefore, one of the technological alternatives to be explored at the local and regional level is the use of SCS. For this, it is necessary to have as much information as possible on this topic in general. The objective of this work was to develop a bibliometric analysis of the scientific information available to date on greenhouse SCS focused on horticulture in general. The results showed that there are 120 scientific papers generated from 1998 to 2022 by a total of 160 authors, the documents come mainly from countries such as the Netherlands, the United States and Italy, among the relevant research trends in SCS are topics associated with the efficient use of water and fertilizers, automatic irrigation control and the evaluation of the environmental impact of this technology.El uso de sistemas de cultivo sin suelo (SCS) en la agricultura bajo cubierta, se ha vuelto muy popular principalmente, porque permite la intensificación de la producción hortícola en muchas regiones del mundo. Así mismo este tipo de sistemas de cultivo, generan algunos beneficios productivos, sociales y ambientales, características que son cada vez más demandas y buscadas en la agricultura, bajo el escenario actual de aumento poblacional y crisis ambiental. Los SCS en Latinoamérica no se han implementado de forma masiva por los productores, debido a diversos factores sociales y económicos. Sin embargo, la agricultura bajo invernadero establecida en suelo natural es altamente vulnerable, debido a la pérdida de calidad física y química del suelo donde se establece el invernadero y a su vez por el ataque más frecuente y severo de plagas y enfermedades que tienen su origen en el suelo. Por lo tanto, una de las alternativas tecnológicas que se deben explorar a nivel local y regional es el uso de SCS. Para esto es necesario contar con la mayor cantidad información posible sobre esta temática en general. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en desarrollar un análisis bibliométrico de la información científica disponible a la fecha en SCS bajo invernadero enfocados a la horticultura en general. Los resultados encontrados arrojaron que existen 120 documentos científicos generados desde 1998 a 2022 por un total de 160 autores, los documentos provienen principalmente de países como Holanda, Estados Unidos e Italia, entre las tendencias de investigación relevantes en SCS se encuentran temas asociados al uso eficiente del agua y fertilizantes, el control automático del riego y la evaluación del impacto ambiental de esta tecnología

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Signaling Does Not Modulate Atherogenesis in Mice

BACKGROUND:Strong evidence supports a protective role of the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB(2)) in inflammation and atherosclerosis. However, direct proof of its involvement in lesion formation is lacking. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize the role of the CB(2) receptor in Murine atherogenesis. METHODS AND FINDINGS:Low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLR(-/-)) mice subjected to intraperitoneal injections of the selective CB(2) receptor agonist JWH-133 or vehicle three times per week consumed high cholesterol diet (HCD) for 16 weeks. Surprisingly, intimal lesion size did not differ between both groups in sections of the aortic roots and arches, suggesting that CB(2) activation does not modulate atherogenesis in vivo. Plaque content of lipids, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, T cells, and collagen were also similar between both groups. Moreover, CB(2) (-/-)/LDLR(-/-) mice developed lesions of similar size containing more macrophages and lipids but similar amounts of smooth muscle cells and collagen fibers compared with CB(2) (+/+)/LDLR(-/-) controls. While JWH-133 treatment reduced intraperitoneal macrophage accumulation in thioglycollate-elicited peritonitis, neither genetic deficiency nor pharmacologic activation of the CB(2) receptor altered inflammatory cytokine expression in vivo or inflammatory cell adhesion in the flow chamber in vitro. CONCLUSION:Our study demonstrates that both activation and deletion of the CB(2) receptor do not relevantly modulate atherogenesis in mice. Our data do not challenge the multiple reports involving CB(2) in other inflammatory processes. However, in the context of atherosclerosis, CB(2) does not appear to be a suitable therapeutic target for reduction of the atherosclerotic plaque

CD40L Deficiency Attenuates Diet-Induced Adipose Tissue Inflammation by Impairing Immune Cell Accumulation and Production of Pathogenic IgG-Antibodies

BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue inflammation fuels the metabolic syndrome. We recently reported that CD40L--an established marker and mediator of cardiovascular disease--induces inflammatory cytokine production in adipose cells in vitro. Here, we tested the hypothesis that CD40L deficiency modulates adipose tissue inflammation in vivo. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: WT or CD40L(-/-) mice consumed a high fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks. Inflammatory cell recruitment was impaired in mice lacking CD40L as shown by a decrease of adipose tissue macrophages, B-cells, and an increase in protective T-regulatory cells. Mechanistically, CD40L-deficient mice expressed significantly lower levels of the pro-inflammatory chemokine MCP-1 both, locally in adipose tissue and systemically in plasma. Moreover, levels of pro-inflammatory IgG-antibodies against oxidized lipids were reduced in CD40L(-/-) mice. Also, circulating low-density lipoproteins and insulin levels were lower in CD40L(-/-) mice. However, CD40L(-/-) mice consuming HFD were not protected from the onset of diet-induced obesity (DIO), insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis, suggesting that CD40L selectively limits the inflammatory features of diet-induced obesity rather than its metabolic phenotype. Interestingly, CD40L(-/-) mice consuming a low fat diet (LFD) showed both, a favorable inflammatory and metabolic phenotype characterized by diminished weight gain, improved insulin tolerance, and attenuated plasma adipokine levels. CONCLUSION: We present the novel finding that CD40L deficiency limits adipose tissue inflammation in vivo. These findings identify CD40L as a potential mediator at the interface of cardiovascular and metabolic disease

A survey of the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of patients with suspected Lynch syndrome in Latin America

Background: Genetic counselling and testing for Lynch syndrome (LS) have recently been introduced in several Latin America countries. We aimed to characterize the clinical, molecular and mismatch repair (MMR) variants spectrum of patients with suspected LS in Latin America. Methods: Eleven LS hereditary cancer registries and 34 published LS databases were used to identify unrelated families that fulfilled the Amsterdam II (AMSII) criteria and/or the Bethesda guidelines or suggestive of a dominant colorectal (CRC) inheritance syndrome. Results: We performed a thorough investigation of 15 countries and identified 6 countries where germline genetic testing for LS is available and 3 countries where tumor testing is used in the LS diagnosis. The spectrum of pathogenic MMR variants included MLH1 up to 54%, MSH2 up to 43%, MSH6 up to 10%, PMS2 up to 3% and EPCAM up to 0.8%. The Latin America MMR spectrum is broad with a total of 220 different variants which 80% were private and 20% were recurrent. Frequent regions included exons 11 of MLH1 (15%), exon 3 and 7 of MSH2 (17 and 15%, respectively), exon 4 of MSH6 (65%), exons 11 and 13 of PMS2 (31% and 23%, respectively). Sixteen international founder variants in MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 were identified and 41 (19%) variants have not previously been reported, thus representing novel genetic variants in the MMR genes. The AMSII criteria was the most used clinical criteria to identify pathogenic MMR carriers although microsatellite instability, immunohistochemistry and family history are still the primary methods in several countries where no genetic testing for LS is available yet. Conclusion: The Latin America LS pathogenic MMR variants spectrum included new variants, frequently altered genetic regions and potential founder effects, emphasizing the relevance implementing Lynch syndrome genetic testing and counseling in all of Latin America countries.Radium Hospital Foundation (Oslo, Norway) in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript, Helse Sør-Øst (Norway) in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript, the French Association Recherche contre le Cancer (ARC) in the analysis, and interpretation of data, the Groupement des Entreprises Françaises dans la Lutte contre le Cancer (Gefluc) in the analysis, and interpretation of data, the Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (ANRT, CIFRE PhD fellowship to H.T.) in the analysis, and interpretation of data and by the OpenHealth Institute in the analysis, and interpretation of data. Barretos Cancer Hospital received financial support by FINEP-CT-INFRA (02/2010)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Progressive skin fibrosis is associated with a decline in lung function and worse survival in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis in the European Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) cohort.

Objectives To determine whether progressive skin fibrosis is associated with visceral organ progression and mortality during follow-up in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc). Methods We evaluated patients from the European Scleroderma Trials and Research database with dcSSc, baseline modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) ≥7, valid mRSS at 12±3 months after baseline and ≥1 annual follow-up visit. Progressive skin fibrosis was defined as an increase in mRSS >5 and ≥25% from baseline to 12±3 months. Outcomes were pulmonary, cardiovascular and renal progression, and all-cause death. Associations between skin progression and outcomes were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox regression. Results Of 1021 included patients, 78 (7.6%) had progressive skin fibrosis (skin progressors). Median follow-up was 3.4 years. Survival analyses indicated that skin progressors had a significantly higher probability of FVC decline ≥10% (53.6% vs 34.4%; p<0.001) and all-cause death (15.4% vs 7.3%; p=0.003) than non-progressors. These significant associations were also found in subgroup analyses of patients with either low baseline mRSS (≤22/51) or short disease duration (≤15 months). In multivariable analyses, skin progression within 1 year was independently associated with FVC decline ≥10% (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.65) and all-cause death (HR 2.58, 95% CI 1.31 to 5.09). Conclusions Progressive skin fibrosis within 1 year is associated with decline in lung function and worse survival in dcSSc during follow-up. These results confirm mRSS as a surrogate marker in dcSSc, which will be helpful for cohort enrichment in future trials and risk stratification in clinical practice

A qué sabe el norte?

Libro que compila saberes de las recetas ancestrales y sabores tradicionales de la gastronomía Nortesantandereana, recopila 3 rutas de turismo gastronómico que conjuga 30 municipios de norte de santander y más de 300 tipos de sopas, platos fuertes y postres.Book that compiles knowledge of ancestral recipes and traditional flavors of gastronomy Nortesantandereana, compiles 3 routes of gastronomic tourism that brings together 30 municipalities of northern Santander and more than 300 types of soups, main dishes and desserts.Ruta del durazno y el agua -- Ruta del oro negro -- Ruta del río y la gran convención -- Las mujeres de la independencia -- Honrando a nuestros portadores del saber -- A qué sabe el norte-recetarioPrimera ediciónna230 página