Normas de competencia laboral en diseño y confección: un análisis comparativo entre Asia y Colombia

El mejoramiento de competencias laborales cumple un papel protagónico en el mejoramiento de la competitividad de un sector económico y el personal que emplea. La cadena productiva diseño y confección de prendas de vestir hace parte de esa tendencia, por lo cual en este estudio se recopilaron las normas de competencia laboral usadas en Colombia y en países asiáticos referentes a nivel mundial en dicho sector económico, con el objetivo primordial de investigar fortalezas y aspectos para mejorar la competitividad colombiana en lo relacionado con las capacidades del talento humano. El estudio utilizó una metodología descriptiva con un enfoque analítico, tomando como fuentes de información publicaciones académicas, reportes de entidades gremiales y documentos oficiales emitidos por autoridades responsables por la normalización de competencias laborales. Se identificaron normas de competencia laboral en toda la cadena productiva estableciendo similitudes principalmente en procesos de diseño y manufactura, pero se identificaron diferencias significativas en la gestión administrativa de cadenas de abastecimiento, criterios de sostenibilidad, servicio postventa y mercadeo, así como la relevancia otorgada a competencias blandas. Se evidenció también la pertinencia de contar con un marco nacional de cualificaciones para que empleadores y centros educativos gestionen de forma articulada las competencias del personal.The improvement of labor competencies plays a leading role in improving the competitiveness of an economic sector and the occupied personnel. The production chain of design and clothing is part of this trend, which is why this study compiled the labour competency standards used in Colombia and in Asian countries that are global references in said economic sector, with the primary objective of investigate strengths and aspects for improving Colombian competitiveness in relation to the capabilities of human talent. A descriptive methodology with an analytical approach was used in this study, taking as sources of information academic publications, reports from business associations and official documents issued by authorities responsible for the standardization of labor competencies. Labour competence standards were identified throughout the production chain, establishing similarities mainly in design and manufacturing processes, but significant differences were identified in the administrative management of supply chains, sustainability criteria, after-sales service and marketing, as well as the relevance given to soft skills. The relevance of having a national qualifications framework was also evidenced for employers and educational centers to manage staff skills in an articulated manner

Estudio comparativo de parámetros composicionales y nutricionales en leche de vaca, cabra y búfala, Antioquia, Colombia

Milk is a fluid secreted by females of all species of mammals, which is used mainly to supply the nutritional needs of the newborn calf. It is an important source of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Throughout history many countries have characterized the composition and nutritional quality of many mammals species milk, especially those that have been domesticated. However in Colombia there is insufficient information with respect to milk produced by different species to the cow. The aim of this study was to determine the composition and evaluate the nutritional quality of cow, goat and buffalo milk. Buffalo milk showed higher values in for parameters such as protein (4,07%), fat (7,23%), lactose (5,06%), total solids (16,81%) and solids non-fat (9,91%) than goat and cow milk, making it an excellent alternative for the production and processing of milk products. On the other hand goat milk had the highest content of polyunsaturated fat (0.1298 g/100g) compared to cow milk and buffalo milk, which makes it more digestible and healthy for human consumption. All this led to the conclusion that each of these milk types has particular characteristics that make them more or less digestible and suitable for the manufacture of dairy products, which determines the advantages and disadvantages of each of the species.La leche es un líquido secretado por las hembras de todas las especies de mamíferos, la cual es utilizada principalmente para satisfacer las necesidades nutricionales de la cría recién nacida. Es una fuente importante de carbohidratos, lípidos, proteínas, vitaminas y minerales. A lo largo de la historia en varios países se ha caracterizado la composición y calidad nutricional de la leche de numerosas especies de mamíferos, especialmente las que han sido domesticadas. Sin embargo en Colombia no hay suficiente información en lo que respecta a leches producidas por especies no vacunas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la composición y evaluar la calidad nutricional de las leches de vaca, cabra y búfalo. La leche de búfala presento valores más altos para parámetros tales como la proteína (4,07%), grasa (7,23%), lactosa (5,06%), solidos totales (16,81%) y solidos no grasos (9,91%) que las leches de cabra y vaca, lo cual la convierte en una excelente alternativa para la producción y transformación de productos. De otro lado la leche de cabra presento el mayor contenido de grasa poliinsaturada (0,1298 g/100g) comparadas con las leches de vaca y búfala, lo que la hace más digestible y saludable para el consumo humano. Todo lo anterior llevó a la conclusión de que cada uno de estos tipos de leche tiene características particulares que las hacen más o menos digestibles y adecuadas para la fabricación de productos lácteos, lo cual determina las ventajas y desventajas de cada una de las especies

Non anomalous U(1)_H gauge model of flavor

A non anomalous horizontal $U(1)_H$ gauge symmetry can be responsible for the fermion mass hierarchies of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. Imposing the consistency conditions for the absence of gauge anomalies yields the following results: i) unification of leptons and down-type quarks Yukawa couplings is allowed at most for two generations. ii) The $\mu$ term is necessarily somewhat below the supersymmetry breaking scale. iii) The determinant of the quark mass matrix vanishes, and there is no strong $CP$ problem. iv) The superpotential has accidental $B$ and $L$ symmetries. The prediction $m_{\rm up}=0$ allows for an unambiguous test of the model at low energy.Comment: 5 pages, RevTex. Title changed, minor modifications. Final version to appear in Phys. Rev.

COBALT: Development of a Platform to Flight Test Lander GN&C Technologies on Suborbital Rockets

The NASA COBALT Project (CoOperative Blending of Autonomous Landing Technologies) is developing and integrating new precision-landing Guidance, Navigation and Control (GN&C) technologies, along with developing a terrestrial fight-test platform for Technology Readiness Level (TRL) maturation. The current technologies include a third- generation Navigation Doppler Lidar (NDL) sensor for ultra-precise velocity and line- of-site (LOS) range measurements, and the Lander Vision System (LVS) that provides passive-optical Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN) estimates of map-relative position. The COBALT platform is self contained and includes the NDL and LVS sensors, blending filter, a custom compute element, power unit, and communication system. The platform incorporates a structural frame that has been designed to integrate with the payload frame onboard the new Masten Xodiac vertical take-o, vertical landing (VTVL) terrestrial rocket vehicle. Ground integration and testing is underway, and terrestrial fight testing onboard Xodiac is planned for 2017 with two flight campaigns: one open-loop and one closed-loop

Supersymmetric One-family Model without Higgsinos

The Higgs potential and the mass spectrum of the N=1 supersymmetric extension of a recently proposed one-family model based on the local gauge group $SU(3)_c \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes U(1)_X$, which is a subgroup of the electroweak-strong unification group $E_6$, is analyzed. In this model the slepton multiplets play the role of the Higgs scalars and no Higgsinos are needed, with the consequence that the sneutrino, the selectron and six other sleptons play the role of the Goldstone bosons. We show how the $\mu$ problem is successfully addressed in the context of this model which also predicts the existence of a light CP-odd scalar.Comment: REVTeX 4, 10 pages. Included discussions about constraints coming from the rho-parameter and from Muon (g-2). References added. Version to appear in Phys. Rev.

Factores de riesgo para trastornos de la alimentación en los alumnos de la Universidad de Manizales

ResumenObjetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de los factores de riesgo para trastornos de la alimentación en estudiantes de la Universidad de Manizales. Materiales y métodos: De 3,610 estudiantes regulares de la Universidad  de Manizales se tomó una muestra de 165 estudiantes, quienes respondieron un cuestionario integrado compuesto por variables demográficas, las escalas de Zung para ansiedad o depresión,el Eating Disorderrs Inventory (EDI2) y el Apgar familiar; además se tomaron las medidas de peso, talla, índice de masa corporal y pliegue en el antebrazo. Resultado: Un12.7% de la población presentó factor de riesgo positivo para trastornos de la conducta alimentaría, 17.3% de la población femenina y el 3.8% de la población masculina; las personas con mayor factor de riesgo fueron las mujeres en la facultad de Comunicación Social y Periodismo (24.1%). Se determinó una  relación significativa entre la variable impulso por la delgadez con la ansiedad o depresión. El mayor índice de masa corporal y de porcentaje de grasa está asociado con un aumentoen la variable impulso por la delgadez. Conclusiones:Se encontraron factores de riesgo asociados con trastornos de la alimentación. La frecuencia del factor de riesgo según EDI2 en este estudio fue más baja que la encontrada en estudios realizados en Medellín y Bogotá.[Cano AA, Castaño JJ, Corredor DA, García AM, González M, Lloreda OL, et al. Factores de riesgo para trastornos de la alimentación en los alumnos de la Universidad de Manizales. MedUNAB 2007; 10:187-194].Palabras claves: Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, factores de riesgo; Anorexia nerviosa, Bulimia

Antifungal activity of amphotericin B conjugated to nanosized magnetite in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis

This study reports on in vitro and in vivo tests that sought to assess the antifungal activity of a newly developed magnetic carrier system comprising amphotericin B loaded onto the surface of pre-coated (with a double-layer of lauric acid) magnetite nanoparticles. The in vitro tests compared two drugs; i.e., this newly developed form and free amphotericin B. We found that this nanocomplex exhibited antifungal activity without cytotoxicity to human urinary cells and with low cytotoxicity to peritoneal macrophages. We also evaluated the efficacy of the nanocomplex in experimental paracoccidioidomycosis. BALB/c mice were intratracheally infected with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and treated with the compound for 30 or 60 days beginning the day after infection. The newly developed amphotericin B coupled with magnetic nanoparticles was effective against experimental paracoccidioidomycosis, and it did not induce clinical, biochemical or histopathological alterations. The nanocomplex also did not induce genotoxic effects in bone marrow cells. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that amphotericin B coupled to magnetic nanoparticles and stabilized with bilayer lauric acid is a promising nanotool for the treatment of the experimental paracoccidioidomycosis because it exhibited antifungal activity that was similar to that of free amphotericin B, did not induce adverse effects in therapeutic doses and allowed for a reduction in the number of applications

Genome-wide association study of Tourette Syndrome

Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a developmental disorder that has one of the highest familial recurrence rates among neuropsychiatric diseases with complex inheritance. However, the identification of definitive TS susceptibility genes remains elusive. Here, we report the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of TS in 1285 cases and 4964 ancestry-matched controls of European ancestry, including two European-derived population isolates, Ashkenazi Jews from North America and Israel, and French Canadians from Quebec, Canada. In a primary meta-analysis of GWAS data from these European ancestry samples, no markers achieved a genome-wide threshold of significance (p<5 × 10−8); the top signal was found in rs7868992 on chromosome 9q32 within COL27A1 (p=1.85 × 10−6). A secondary analysis including an additional 211 cases and 285 controls from two closely-related Latin-American population isolates from the Central Valley of Costa Rica and Antioquia, Colombia also identified rs7868992 as the top signal (p=3.6 × 10−7 for the combined sample of 1496 cases and 5249 controls following imputation with 1000 Genomes data). This study lays the groundwork for the eventual identification of common TS susceptibility variants in larger cohorts and helps to provide a more complete understanding of the full genetic architecture of this disorder

The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

The FLUXNET2015 dataset provides ecosystem-scale data on CO2, water, and energy exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and other meteorological and biological measurements, from 212 sites around the globe (over 1500 site-years, up to and including year 2014). These sites, independently managed and operated, voluntarily contributed their data to create global datasets. Data were quality controlled and processed using uniform methods, to improve consistency and intercomparability across sites. The dataset is already being used in a number of applications, including ecophysiology studies, remote sensing studies, and development of ecosystem and Earth system models. FLUXNET2015 includes derived-data products, such as gap-filled time series, ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic uptake estimates, estimation of uncertainties, and metadata about the measurements, presented for the first time in this paper. In addition, 206 of these sites are for the first time distributed under a Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) license. This paper details this enhanced dataset and the processing methods, now made available as open-source codes, making the dataset more accessible, transparent, and reproducible.Peer reviewe