Estudio de prefactibilidad para la instalación de un autoservicio saludable para personas diabéticas

En el presente trabajo, se mostrará la viabilidad de implementar un autoservicio saludable que ofrece la venta de productos y servicios especiales para el cuidado de la enfermedad del paciente diabético. En un contexto donde la prevalencia de diabetes está en constante aumento en el país –y en mayor porcentaje en Lima Metropolitana– crece cada vez más el número de pacientes que requieren de cuidados especiales en su vida cotidiana. Es por ello que esta propuesta tiene como objetivo principal poder mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas que padecen esta enfermedad. El autoservicio comprenderá la venta de categorías de productos de alimentación, cuidado personal y vestimenta. Asimismo, ofrecerá los servicios de manicura y podología, con especialistas capacitados para la atención de las personas que padecen de diabetes. El autoservicio estará dirigido a personas diabéticas, de 15 años a más y que pertenezcan a los niveles socioeconómicos (NSE) A y B de Lima Metropolitana. Para determinar la ubicación del local se evaluarán los distritos de la zona 7, debido a que esta zona presenta la mayor cantidad de población de los NSE mencionados. Los datos utilizados para determinar la demanda del negocio dieron como resultado una demanda específica de S/ 24 738 704 para el primer año del proyecto. Según la metodología de ranking de factores, se concluyó que el mejor distrito para la ubicación del local es Miraflores, debido a que favorece factores importantes como costos de alquiler, cercanía a centros médicos y seguridad. La estrategia de comercialización a utilizarse será de Enfoque, ya que el autoservicio está dirigido únicamente a personas diabéticas, quienes representan un único nicho de mercado. Se realizará un adecuado mix de marketing considerando, según producto, la renovación de los productos ofrecidos cada cierto período de tiempo, además de mantener un alto estándar de calidad en los servicios que se realizan. Según plaza, en base a los resultados de los primeros años, se planea desarrollar servicios de delivery e incrementar el número de locales. Según publicidad y promoción, se planea tener una inversión mayor durante los tres primeros meses debido a la implementación de paneles y anuncios en diversos medios e impresos, y un monto menor pero constante para los próximos meses. Según precio, se adoptarán precios similares a los que manejan los competidores, ya que se busca penetrar el mercado de manera exitosa. En cuanto a procesos, se determinarán las acciones a realizar dentro del autoservicio mediante el macroproceso, que involucre tanto la venta de productos como de servicios. Como partners, se tendrán alianzas con empresas privadas para contratar servicios como luz, agua, teléfono y una agencia de marketing que se encargue de la publicidad. Finalmente, en cuanto a presencia y personas, se buscará siempre reflejar la imagen de un autoservicio confortable, de calidad y seguridad para el cliente, mediante la constante capacitación de los especialistas y una alianza con partners estratégicos para el negocio. Los productos ofrecidos serán obtenidos de las diversas marcas locales reconocidas por sus factores orgánicos y saludables, aprovechando el boom orgánico que está tomando mayor importancia en el mercado durante los últimos años. Los equipos utilizados se obtendrán de un proveedor local dedicado a la importación en masa. De acuerdo con el análisis de áreas, se encontró que el autoservicio deberá contar con un área mínima de 1 200 m2. En la búsqueda de locales en Miraflores, se pudo encontrar un local ideal para la implementación del proyecto, con un área total de 1 344 m2, donde se distribuirán las áreas de venta de productos, servicios, oficinas administrativas, almacenes, comedores, entre otros. Se estima que la duración de implementación del proyecto será de 12 meses en total, desde el inicio del estudio de prefactibilidad hasta la puesta en marcha del proyecto. Finalmente, se demostró que el proyecto es viable económicamente, ya que se obtuvo una TIR de 63,89%, mayor al COK de 15,08%; y, viable financieramente, debido a la obtención de una TIR de 128,88%, también a su vez mayor al COK.In this paper, the viability of implementing a healthy self-service that offers the sale of special products and services for the care of the diabetic patient’s disease will be shown. In a context where the prevalence of diabetes is constantly increasing in the country –and in a higher percentage in Metropolitan Lima– the number of patients who require special care in their daily lives is growing more and more. That is why this project main objective is to improve the quality of life of people who suffer from this disease. The self-service will include the sale of categories of food, personal care and clothing products. Likewise, it will offer manicure and podiatry services, with specialists trained to care for people with diabetes. The self-service will be aimed at people with diabetes, 15 years of age and over and belonging to socioeconomic levels A and B of Metropolitan Lima. To determine the location of the self-service, the districts of zone 7 will be evaluated, since this zone has the largest amount of population of the socioeconomic levels mentioned. The data used to determine the business demand resulted in a specific demand of S/ 24 738 704 for the first year of the project. According to the factor ranking methodology, it was concluded that the best district for the location of the self-service is Miraflores, because it favors important factors such as rental costs, proximity to medical centers and security. The marketing strategy to be used will be Focus, since the self-service is aimed only at people with diabetes, who represent a single market niche. An adequate marketing mix will be carried out considering, depending on the product, the renewal of the products offered every certain period of time, in addition to maintaining a high standard of quality in the services provided. According to the place, based on the results of the first years, it is planned to develop delivery services and increase the number of stores. According to promotion, it is planned to have a higher investment during the first three months due to the implementation of panels and advertisements in social media, and a lower but constant amount for the coming months. According to price, the self-service will adopt similar prices to those managed by competitors, since it seeks to successfully penetrate the market. In terms of process, the actions to be carried out within the self-service will be determined through the macro-process, which involves the sale of products and services. As partners, there will be alliances with private companies to contract services such as electricity, water, telephone, and a marketing agency that is in charge of advertising. Finally, in terms of presence and people, it will always be sought to reflect the image of a comfortable self-service, with high quality and safety for the customer, through constant training of specialists and an alliance with strategic partners for the business. The products offered will be obtained from the local brands recognized for their organic and healthy factors, taking advantage of the organic boom that is becoming more important in the market in recent years. The equipment used will be sourced from a local supplier dedicated to mass importation. According to the analysis of areas, it was found that the self-service must have a minimum area of 1 200 m2. In the search for establishments in Miraflores, it was possible to find an ideal place for the implementation of the project, with a total area of 1 344 m2, where the areas for the sale of products, services, administrative offices, warehouses, dining rooms, among others, will be distributed. It is estimated that the implementation duration of the project will be 12 months in total, from the beginning of the pre-feasibility study until the start of the project. Finally, it was demonstrated that the project is economically viable, since an IRR of 63,89% was obtained, higher than the COK of 15,08%; and, financially viable, due to obtaining an IRR of 128,88%, also higher than the COK

A Qualitative Analysis of Gabapentin Misuse and Diversion Among People Who Use Drugs in Appalachian Kentucky

Gabapentin, an anticonvulsant and analgesic for postherpetic neuralgia, has been thought to have no abuse potential despite numerous published reports to the contrary. Gabapentin has been linked with impaired driving and opioid use, highlighting the need to more fully understand its risk profile. Thirty-three individuals reporting recent nonmedical use of gabapentin were recruited from two ongoing longitudinal studies of drug users in Appalachian Kentucky to participate in focus groups. Four sessions were held (two in the community and two in jail settings), during which participants responded to questions regarding their personal experiences with gabapentin misuse. Focus group participants were similar to other gabapentin users in the larger cohort studies with respect to demographics and drug use behaviors. Overall, the sample reported having initiated gabapentin more than 10 years earlier after having it prescribed for a legitimate, though generally off-label, medical indication (e.g., pain, anxiety, opioid detoxification). Participants reported use of gabapentin in combination with buprenorphine, other opioids, cocaine, and caffeine to produce sought-after central nervous system effects (e.g., muscle relaxation, pain reduction, sleep induction, feeling drunk, and feeling “high”). Focus group responses highlighted the low cost of gabapentin for the purpose of getting high and noted increasing popularity in the community, particularly over the last 2 years. Gabapentin was a prominent drug of abuse in two cohorts of the primarily opioid-using individuals. Providers should be aware of gabapentin’s abuse potential, and a reexamination of the need for scheduling is warranted

Jet energy measurement with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV

The jet energy scale and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38 pb-1. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with distance parameters R=0. 4 or R=0. 6. Jet energy and angle corrections are determined from Monte Carlo simulations to calibrate jets with transverse momenta pT≥20 GeV and pseudorapidities {pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy systematic uncertainty is estimated using the single isolated hadron response measured in situ and in test-beams, exploiting the transverse momentum balance between central and forward jets in events with dijet topologies and studying systematic variations in Monte Carlo simulations. The jet energy uncertainty is less than 2. 5 % in the central calorimeter region ({pipe}η{pipe}<0. 8) for jets with 60≤pT<800 GeV, and is maximally 14 % for pT<30 GeV in the most forward region 3. 2≤{pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy is validated for jet transverse momenta up to 1 TeV to the level of a few percent using several in situ techniques by comparing a well-known reference such as the recoiling photon pT, the sum of the transverse momenta of tracks associated to the jet, or a system of low-pT jets recoiling against a high-pT jet. More sophisticated jet calibration schemes are presented based on calorimeter cell energy density weighting or hadronic properties of jets, aiming for an improved jet energy resolution and a reduced flavour dependence of the jet response. The systematic uncertainty of the jet energy determined from a combination of in situ techniques is consistent with the one derived from single hadron response measurements over a wide kinematic range. The nominal corrections and uncertainties are derived for isolated jets in an inclusive sample of high-pT jets. Special cases such as event topologies with close-by jets, or selections of samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks, heavy quarks or gluons are also discussed and the corresponding uncertainties are determined. © 2013 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration

Measurement of the inclusive and dijet cross-sections of b-jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The inclusive and dijet production cross-sections have been measured for jets containing b-hadrons (b-jets) in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements use data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb^-1. The b-jets are identified using either a lifetime-based method, where secondary decay vertices of b-hadrons in jets are reconstructed using information from the tracking detectors, or a muon-based method where the presence of a muon is used to identify semileptonic decays of b-hadrons inside jets. The inclusive b-jet cross-section is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the range 20 < pT < 400 GeV and rapidity in the range |y| < 2.1. The bbbar-dijet cross-section is measured as a function of the dijet invariant mass in the range 110 < m_jj < 760 GeV, the azimuthal angle difference between the two jets and the angular variable chi in two dijet mass regions. The results are compared with next-to-leading-order QCD predictions. Good agreement is observed between the measured cross-sections and the predictions obtained using POWHEG + Pythia. MC@NLO + Herwig shows good agreement with the measured bbbar-dijet cross-section. However, it does not reproduce the measured inclusive cross-section well, particularly for central b-jets with large transverse momenta.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (21 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version published in European Physical Journal

Observation of associated near-side and away-side long-range correlations in √sNN=5.02 TeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector

Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (Δϕ) and pseudorapidity (Δη) are measured in √sNN=5.02  TeV p+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1  μb-1 of data as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the transverse energy (ΣETPb) summed over 3.1<η<4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2<|Δη|<5) “near-side” (Δϕ∼0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing ΣETPb. A long-range “away-side” (Δϕ∼π) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small ΣETPb, is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Δη and Δϕ) and ΣETPb dependence. The resultant Δϕ correlation is approximately symmetric about π/2, and is consistent with a dominant cos⁡2Δϕ modulation for all ΣETPb ranges and particle pT

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02

Measurement of χ c1 and χ c2 production with s√ = 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

The prompt and non-prompt production cross-sections for the χ c1 and χ c2 charmonium states are measured in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using 4.5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. The χ c states are reconstructed through the radiative decay χ c → J/ψγ (with J/ψ → μ + μ −) where photons are reconstructed from γ → e + e − conversions. The production rate of the χ c2 state relative to the χ c1 state is measured for prompt and non-prompt χ c as a function of J/ψ transverse momentum. The prompt χ c cross-sections are combined with existing measurements of prompt J/ψ production to derive the fraction of prompt J/ψ produced in feed-down from χ c decays. The fractions of χ c1 and χ c2 produced in b-hadron decays are also measured

Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The uncertainty on the calorimeter energy response to jets of particles is derived for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First, the calorimeter response to single isolated charged hadrons is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo simulation using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collected during 2009 and 2010. Then, using the decay of K_s and Lambda particles, the calorimeter response to specific types of particles (positively and negatively charged pions, protons, and anti-protons) is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo predictions. Finally, the jet energy scale uncertainty is determined by propagating the response uncertainty for single charged and neutral particles to jets. The response uncertainty is 2-5% for central isolated hadrons and 1-3% for the final calorimeter jet energy scale.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (36 pages total), 23 figures, 1 table, submitted to European Physical Journal

Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw > 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour, are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017 +/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio