Granulometric analysis of sediments and fluvial dynamics’ in the Lorohuasi river basin (Cafayate, Salta)

River processes have the ability to modify all terrestrial systems. The release of components, their transport and deposition as sediments by water have important environmental consequences, many of which can be deteriorating or irreversible. Arid regions are susceptible to water erosion, since the mere existence of water flow is exceptional and the common situation is its extreme speed, which is combined with the spatio-temporal variability of sediment transport. In this context, the objective was to analyze the dynamics of sediment transport in the Lorohuasi river basin, Cafayate, Salta, in the middle sections of the Alisal and Colorado tributaries, throughout the Lorohuasi river and the river mouth in the Santa María river, between the years 2016 and 2020. In 30 plots of 1 m2 located in 14 study sites, 30 samples of medium and fine sediments were collected in the active channel of the rivers. At each site, the width and slope of the channel was measured, as well as the flow, with the granulometric data of the medium sediments, were constructed accumulated frequency graphs and tables of statistical parameters (mean, median, mode, standard deviation, asymmetry and kurtosis), in order to characterize and analyze the distribution of the granulometric fractions along the river courses, evaluate the sedimentation dynamics and characterize the transport agent. The results show that in general lines, the mean granulometry of all the analyzed material transported in the Lorohuasi river basin is mean sand (phi 1.15), with mean-median-mode in the same fraction, the distribution is mesokurtic, symmetric and the material is poorly selected. The sediment is transported majorly by saltation in the Colorado and Alisal rivers, and by saltation and/or suspension in the Lorohuasi river. It is concluded that the physical characteristics of the basin and anthropic activities influence the granulometry of the analyzed sediments, especially in the lower basin, and that rehabilitation techniques in affected riverbank areas could restore their functionality and protect the river system.Los procesos fluviales tienen la capacidad de modificar todos los sistemas terrestres. La liberación de componentes, su transporte y depositación como sedimentos por el agua, tienen consecuencias ambientales importantes, muchas de las cuales pueden ser deteriorantes o irreversibles. Las regiones áridas son susceptibles a la erosión hídrica, ya que la sola existencia de flujo ácueo es excepcional y la situación común es su extrema velocidad, que se conjuga con la variabilidad espacio-temporal del transporte de sedimentos. En este contexto, el objetivo fue analizar la dinámica en el transporte de sedimentos en la cuenca del río Lorohuasi, Cafayate, Salta, en los tramos medio de los tributarios Alisal y Colorado, en todo el río Lorohuasi y el sector de desembocadura con el río Santa María, entre los años 2016 y 2020. En 30 parcelas de 1 m2 ubicadas en 14 sitios de estudios, se recolectaron 30 muestras de sedimentos medianos y finos en el cauce activo de los ríos. En cada sitio se midió el ancho y pendiente del cauce, como así también el caudal; con los datos granulométricos de los sedimentos medianos se construyeron gráficos de frecuencia acumulada y tablas de parámetros estadísticos (media, mediana, moda, desviación estándar, asimetría y curtosis), a fin de caracterizar y analizar la distribución de las fracciones granulométricas a lo largo de los cursos fluviales, evaluar la dinámica de sedimentación y caracterizar el agente de transporte. Los resultados exponen que en general, la granulometría media de todo el material analizado transportado en la cuenca del río Lorohuasi es arena media (phi 1,15), con media-mediana-moda en la misma fracción, la distribución es mesocúrtica, simétrica y el material es pobremente seleccionado. El sedimento se transporta mayormente por saltación en los ríos Colorado y Alisal, y por saltación y/o suspensión en el río Lorohuasi. Se concluye que las características físicas de la cuenca y las actividades antrópicas influyen en la granulometría de los sedimentos analizados, especialmente en la cuenca baja, y que técnicas de rehabilitación en las riberas afectadas podrían devolver la funcionalidad de las mismas y proteger el sistema fluvial.Fil: Quintero, Daniela Irene. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: López de Azarevich, Vanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Departamento de Geología. Cátedra Geología Estructural. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica; ArgentinaFil: Ferreira, Silvia E.. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Rovere, Adriana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Espinoza, Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Subelza, Carolina del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta; Argentin

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Complejo de Edipo no resuelto y su represión primaria

En el presenté estudio se realiza el análisis de un caso el cual se evidencia un complejo de Edipo no resuelto, las causas que acarrea y el síntoma como cura. Contempla cada una de las etapas que debe contener para su aprobación, enfatiza en cómo deben ser presentados los resultados obtenidos para su mejor desarrollo y efectividad. Se llevó acabo atreves de un plan de trabajo y un diagnóstico, el cual nos proporcionó la información para su desarrollo, por medio de la psicoterapia breve e intensiva que costa de 5 sesiones en las cuales se lleve a cabo la eliminación del síntoma, disminuyendo sus estados agudos ya existentes, que se puedan detener antes de convertirse en graves y crónicos. El caso es sobre una joven de 18 años a la que llamaremos “Caroline”, hija menor de dos hermanos, sus padres viven en unión libre. La dinámica familiar es conflictiva, maneja una mala relación con su hermano mayor refiere “él es igual que mi papa” desde niños no interactúan mucho siempre se ha mantenido alejado de ella, pues con su otro hermano si mantiene un acercamiento afectivo. Su infancia fue adecuada, interactiva sin cohibiciones y con el afecto emocional de sus padres aún más el del padre “era la luz de su ojos”, refiere que los conflictos comenzaron desde que Caroline se desarrolló pues su madre le comento que al contarle a su papa la situación el padre lloro y se puso muy mal por esa noticia, experimentando Caroline una angustia insoportable de la que se recuperara mediante la organización de defensas (mecanismos de defensa). El comportamiento del padre fue tan drástico, el pasar de una figura amorosa a un hombre fuerte, normativo y castrador durante la etapa fálica, al tener un complejo de Edipo no resuelto ocasionando una ruptura drástica en marcar los límites y el diferenciar los roles que se ocupan, desplazando todo sentimiento de ira y envidia hacia su hermano mayor.Introducción. -- Justificación. -- Marco Teórico. -- Objetivos. -- Generales. -- Específicos. -- Historia clínica del paciente. -- Protocolo de sesiones. -- Conclusión y discusión. -- Bibliografí[email protected]

Cirugía de revisión en infecciones cervicofaciales profundas

La cirugía de revisión o “second look” en las infecciones cervicofaciales profundas, se define como aquella intervención quirúrgica designada para apreciar directamente la evolución de la patología posterior a un primer intento de drenaje de colecciones extensas o desbridamiento del tejido necrotico. Se realizo un estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo y transversal de doce pacientes con infecciones cérvicofaciales profundas sometidos a cirugía de revisión, evaluándose la clínica, diagnostico y procedimientos realizados. La mitad de la casuística correspondió al diagnostico de fascitis necrotizante cervical. Un 25% presentó infección cervical profunda con colecciones purulentas extensas, sin enfisema. El otro 25% por rinitis fúngicas invasivas. Un 16,6% presentó compromiso de la vía aérea superior y requirieron traqueotomía. La dificultad técnica para la remoción completa del tejido necrotico determinó la decisión para la cirugía de revisión. La aplicación del concepto descrito y el manejo terapéutico multidisciplinario previenen la progresión al shock séptico y la falla multiorgánica. TitleRevision surgery in deep cervicofacial infectionsAbstract The second look surgery in the head and neck deep infections is the surgical intervention for value the evolution of the pathology after the first intention of removes the necrotics tissues. To evaluate twelve patients with head and neck deep infections underwent second look surgery. We analysed the clinical picture, diagnosis and therapeutic approaches. The half of the series corresponds to cervical necrotizing fascitis. The 25% presented neck infections with purulent collections of many spaces, without emphysema. The other 25% were invasive mucormycosis. The 16.6% presents compromise of airway and require tracheotomy. The difficult technique for remove the necrotic tissue determinate the decision of the second look surgery and the multidisciplinary prevent the septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Background Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0–4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2–6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Background: Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings: Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0-4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2-6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation: In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates. Funding: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Respiratory Society

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

International audienceBackground: Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings: Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0–4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2–6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation: In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates. Funding: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Respiratory Society

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health