Faktor Resiko Terjadinya Perdarahan Post Partum : Studi Literatur

Maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is relatively high. The most common cause of maternal death is bleeding. Post partum haemorrhage (PPH) is an unexpected cause and the fastest cause of maternal death worldwide. PPH is blood loss of 500 cc or more that occurs after the baby is born. Risk factors/predisposition for postpartum hemorrhage include: anemia, parity, gestational age, delivery distance, excessive uterine stretching (macrosomia, gemely, and polyhidramnions), precipitate parturition, oxytocin induction, history of cesarean section, ante partum bleeding, first stage of labor and the elongated II, and so on. This literature review aims to determine the risk factors/trigger factors of postpartum hemorrhage. Using literature study according to the topic. Literature studies were obtained from various sources, including from journals ranging from 2015-2020. Source articles from goggle scholars and Goggle Scholars. From several journals that have been reviewed, postpartum hemorrhage is one of the complications that has a high incidence. And there is a relationship between predisposing factors and the incidence of postpartum hemorrhageAbstrakAngka kematian ibu melahirkan di Indonesia relatif tinggi. Adapun penyebab terbanyak yang menyebabkan kematian ibu adalah perdarahan. Perdarahan post partum adalah penyebab tak terduga dan penyebab tercepat kematian ibu diseluruh dunia. Perdarahan post partum adalah hilangnya darah 500 cc atau lebih yang terjadi setelah bayi lahir. Faktor resiko/predisposisi terjadinya perdarahan post partum antara lain : anemia, paritas, umur kehamilan, jarak persalinan, peregangan uterus yang berlebihan (makrosomia, gemeli dan polihidramnion), partus presipitatus, induksi oksitosin, riwayat seksio secaria, perdarahan ante partum, persalinan kalan I dan II yang memanjang, dan lain-lain. literatur review ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor resiko/faktor pencetus dari perdarahan post partum. menggunakan studi literatur sesuai dengan topik. Studi literatur didapat dari berbagai sumber, diantaranya dari jurnal berkisar tahun 2014-2018. Sumber artikel dari Pubmed, Portal Garuda dan goggle Scholar. dari beberapa jurnal yang telah ditelaah, perdarahan post partum merupakan salah satu komplikasi yang angka kejadiannya masih tinggi. Dan ada hubungan antara faktor predisposisi dengan kejadian perdarahan post partu

Faktor Resiko Terjadinya Perdarahan Post Partum : Studi Literatur

Maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is relatively high. The most common cause of maternal death is bleeding. Post partum haemorrhage (PPH) is an unexpected cause and the fastest cause of maternal death worldwide. PPH is blood loss of 500 cc or more that occurs after the baby is born. Risk factors/predisposition for postpartum hemorrhage include: anemia, parity, gestational age, delivery distance, excessive uterine stretching (macrosomia, gemely, and polyhidramnions), precipitate parturition, oxytocin induction, history of cesarean section, ante partum bleeding, first stage of labor and the elongated II, and so on. This literature review aims to determine the risk factors/trigger factors of postpartum hemorrhage. Using literature study according to the topic. Literature studies were obtained from various sources, including from journals ranging from 2015-2020. Source articles from goggle scholars and Goggle Scholars. From several journals that have been reviewed, postpartum hemorrhage is one of the complications that has a high incidence. And there is a relationship between predisposing factors and the incidence of postpartum hemorrhageAbstrakAngka kematian ibu melahirkan di Indonesia relatif tinggi. Adapun penyebab terbanyak yang menyebabkan kematian ibu adalah perdarahan. Perdarahan post partum adalah penyebab tak terduga dan penyebab tercepat kematian ibu diseluruh dunia. Perdarahan post partum adalah hilangnya darah 500 cc atau lebih yang terjadi setelah bayi lahir. Faktor resiko/predisposisi terjadinya perdarahan post partum antara lain : anemia, paritas, umur kehamilan, jarak persalinan, peregangan uterus yang berlebihan (makrosomia, gemeli dan polihidramnion), partus presipitatus, induksi oksitosin, riwayat seksio secaria, perdarahan ante partum, persalinan kalan I dan II yang memanjang, dan lain-lain. literatur review ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor resiko/faktor pencetus dari perdarahan post partum. menggunakan studi literatur sesuai dengan topik. Studi literatur didapat dari berbagai sumber, diantaranya dari jurnal berkisar tahun 2014-2018. Sumber artikel dari Pubmed, Portal Garuda dan goggle Scholar. dari beberapa jurnal yang telah ditelaah, perdarahan post partum merupakan salah satu komplikasi yang angka kejadiannya masih tinggi. Dan ada hubungan antara faktor predisposisi dengan kejadian perdarahan post partu

Derechos juveniles en cuarentena: significaciones, malestares subjetivos y estrategias de referentes adultos en barrios populares de Córdoba

Este capítulo presenta resultados parciales de un proyecto de investigación centrado en el análisis de las experiencias institucionales que propician la inclusión, acceso a derechos y reconocimiento hacia jóvenes de sectores populares de la Ciudad de Córdoba. Desde una perspectiva relacional de la accesibilidad a derechos, entendemos que su análisis debe atender a la dimensión intersubjetiva y no sólo el polo subjetivo de aquellos a quienes en principio se destinan las políticas sociales. Por ello, parte de nuestros análisis se ocupan de reconstruir la perspectiva de personas adultas que promueven la accesibilidad desde diversas instituciones estatales, privadas o comunitarias.Durante marzo de 2020, en instancias iniciales de la medida de Aislamiento Social Preventivo y Obligatorio en Argentina (ASPO), la comisión COVID 19 Ciencias Sociales (MINCyT-CONICET-AGENCIA) convocó a equipos de investigación de todo el país vinculados con poblaciones de sectores vulnerables, para colaborar con un relevamiento federal sobre el impacto social de las recientes disposiciones del Poder Ejecutivo Nacional. En dicho marco, retomamos el contacto con referentes institucionales participantes de nuestra investigación para relevar sus percepciones acerca de la situación propia y de las y los jóvenes durante la cuarentena. Este trabajo recoge estos testimonios con el objetivo de comprender las modificaciones experimentadas en los vínculos entre instituciones relacionadas con el acceso a derechos y jóvenes pertenecientes a barrios populares de la ciudad de Córdoba en dicha coyuntura.Posicionándonos desde un paradigma interpretativo en Ciencias Sociales buscamos comprender el sentido de la acción social en el contexto del mundo de la vida y desde la perspectiva de los participantes. Desde un diseño flexible y múltiple de casos, nuestro universo de estudio está constituido por: a) jóvenes, de 18 a 25 años, cuyos principales espacios de sociabilidad se encuentren en barrios marginalizados de Córdoba capital; b) instituciones estatales u organizaciones sociales con presencia significativa para dichos jóvenes y que promuevan el acceso y ejercicio de sus derechos; c) agentes o referentes de cada una de las instituciones seleccionadas que trabajen directamente con jóvenes. En cada contexto éstos últimos fueron contactados mediante la técnica de bola de nieve. Para el análisis de las entrevistas a referentes seguimos los procedimientos centrales de la grounded theory sobre un corpus de 10 entrevistas realizadas durante la cuarentena.En la sección de resultados, recogemos algunos aspectos descriptivos referidos a las percepciones de referentes adultos sobre la situación general de las y los jóvenes en cuarentena y avanzamos en la profundización sobre tres ejes relacionados con nuestras preguntas de investigación: 1. Percepciones de las y los referentes en torno a la agudización de las desigualdades en el acceso a derechos en contexto de pandemia. 2. Procesos de malestar emocional o subjetivo de referentes institucionales en su tarea de promover el acceso a derechos. 3. Estrategias y reinvenciones personales e institucionales para hacer frente a la medida de ASPO.En las conclusiones del trabajo señalamos que la precaria presencia estatal, profundizada durante la etapa de aislamiento, supuso para las y los referentes institucionales el despliegue de una amplia capacidad de recursividad. Referimos con ello al emprendimiento de estrategias y acciones singulares de hospitalidad y cuidado hacia jóvenes que implicaron un fuerte dispendio de sí mismas/os.Fil: Paulin, Horacio Luis. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; ArgentinaFil: García Bastán, Guido. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; ArgentinaFil: D'aloisio, Florencia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; ArgentinaFil: Caparelli, Florencia. No especifíca;Fil: Pinto, Maria Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; ArgentinaFil: Arias, Lucia A.. No especifíca;Fil: Arce Castello, Valentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; ArgentinaFil: Carreras, Rafael Antonio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; ArgentinaFil: Lemme, Daniel Miguel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; ArgentinaFil: Ferreyra, Maria Florencia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentin

HIV-1 Vpu Protein Mediates the Transport of Potassium in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vpu is an integral membrane protein that belongs to the viroporin family. Viroporins interact with cell membranes, triggering membrane permeabilization and promoting release of viral particles. In vitro electrophysiological methods have revealed changes in membrane ion currents when Vpu is present; however, in vivo the molecular mechanism of Vpu at the plasma membrane is still uncertain. We used the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a genetic model system to analyze how Vpu ion channel impacts cellular homeostasis. Inducible expression of Vpu impaired cell growth, suggesting that this viral protein is toxic to yeast cultures. This toxicity decreased with extracellular acidic pH. Also, Vpu toxicity diminished as the extracellular K(+) concentration was increased. However, expression of the Vpu protein suppresses the growth defect of K(+) uptake-deficient yeast (Δtrk1,2). The phenotype rescue of these highly hyperpolarized cells was almost total when they were grown in medium supplemented with high concentrations of KCl (100 mM) at pH 7.0 but was significantly reduced when the extracellular K(+) concentration or pH was decreased. These results indicate that Vpu has the ability to modify K(+) transport in both yeast strains. Here, we show also that Vpu confers tolerance to the aminoglycoside antibiotic hygromycin B in Δtrk1,2 yeast. Our results suggest that Vpu interferes with cell growth of wild-type yeast but improves proliferation of the hyperpolarized trk1,2 mutant by inducing plasma membrane depolarization. Furthermore, evaluation of the ion channel activity of the Vpu protein in Δtrk1,2 yeast could aid in the development of a high-throughput screening assay for molecules that target the retroviral protein.This study was supported by Grants PI PI05/00013 and PI08/0912 from Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria. L.H. and N.M. were holders of Predoctoral Fellowships from Instituto de Salud Carlos III.S

Bi-allelic ACBD6 variants lead to a neurodevelopmental syndrome with progressive and complex movement disorders

The acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 6 (ACBD6) is ubiquitously expressed, plays a role in the acylation of lipids and proteins, and regulates the N-myristoylation of proteins via N-myristoyltransferase enzymes (NMTs). However, its precise function in cells is still unclear, as is the consequence of ACBD6 defects on human pathophysiology. Utilizing exome sequencing and extensive international data sharing efforts, we identified 45 affected individuals from 28 unrelated families (consanguinity 93%) with bi-allelic pathogenic, predominantly loss-of-function (18/20) variants in ACBD6. We generated zebrafish and Xenopus tropicalis acbd6 knockouts by CRISPR/Cas9 and characterized the role of ACBD6 on protein N-myristoylation with YnMyr chemical proteomics in the model organisms and human cells, with the latter also being subjected further to ACBD6 peroxisomal localization studies. The affected individuals (23 males and 22 females), with ages ranging from 1 to 50 years old, typically present with a complex and progressive disease involving moderate-to-severe global developmental delay/intellectual disability (100%) with significant expressive language impairment (98%), movement disorders (97%), facial dysmorphism (95%), and mild cerebellar ataxia (85%) associated with gait impairment (94%), limb spasticity/hypertonia (76%), oculomotor (71%) and behavioural abnormalities (65%), overweight (59%), microcephaly (39%) and epilepsy (33%). The most conspicuous and common movement disorder was dystonia (94%), frequently leading to early-onset progressive postural deformities (97%), limb dystonia (55%), and cervical dystonia (31%). A jerky tremor in the upper limbs (63%), a mild head tremor (59%), parkinsonism/hypokinesia developing with advancing age (32%), and simple motor and vocal tics were among other frequent movement disorders. Midline brain malformations including corpus callosum abnormalities (70%), hypoplasia/agenesis of the anterior commissure (66%), short midbrain and small inferior cerebellar vermis (38% each), as well as hypertrophy of the clava (24%) were common neuroimaging findings. acbd6-deficient zebrafish and Xenopus models effectively recapitulated many clinical phenotypes reported in patients including movement disorders, progressive neuromotor impairment, seizures, microcephaly, craniofacial dysmorphism, and midbrain defects accompanied by developmental delay with increased mortality over time. Unlike ACBD5, ACBD6 did not show a peroxisomal localisation and ACBD6-deficiency was not associated with altered peroxisomal parameters in patient fibroblasts. Significant differences in YnMyr-labelling were observed for 68 co- and 18 post-translationally N-myristoylated proteins in patient-derived fibroblasts. N-Myristoylation was similarly affected in acbd6-deficient zebrafish and Xenopus tropicalis models, including Fus, Marcks, and Chchd-related proteins implicated in neurological diseases. The present study provides evidence that bi-allelic pathogenic variants in ACBD6 lead to a distinct neurodevelopmental syndrome accompanied by complex and progressive cognitive and movement disorders

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives : data from an international prospective cohort study

Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population.Peer reviewe

Genetic mechanisms of critical illness in COVID-19.

Host-mediated lung inflammation is present1, and drives mortality2, in the critical illness caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Host genetic variants associated with critical illness may identify mechanistic targets for therapeutic development3. Here we report the results of the GenOMICC (Genetics Of Mortality In Critical Care) genome-wide association study in 2,244 critically ill patients with COVID-19 from 208 UK intensive care units. We have identified and replicated the following new genome-wide significant associations: on chromosome 12q24.13 (rs10735079, P = 1.65 × 10-8) in a gene cluster that encodes antiviral restriction enzyme activators (OAS1, OAS2 and OAS3); on chromosome 19p13.2 (rs74956615, P = 2.3 × 10-8) near the gene that encodes tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2); on chromosome 19p13.3 (rs2109069, P = 3.98 ×  10-12) within the gene that encodes dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9); and on chromosome 21q22.1 (rs2236757, P = 4.99 × 10-8) in the interferon receptor gene IFNAR2. We identified potential targets for repurposing of licensed medications: using Mendelian randomization, we found evidence that low expression of IFNAR2, or high expression of TYK2, are associated with life-threatening disease; and transcriptome-wide association in lung tissue revealed that high expression of the monocyte-macrophage chemotactic receptor CCR2 is associated with severe COVID-19. Our results identify robust genetic signals relating to key host antiviral defence mechanisms and mediators of inflammatory organ damage in COVID-19. Both mechanisms may be amenable to targeted treatment with existing drugs. However, large-scale randomized clinical trials will be essential before any change to clinical practice

Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology

A cross-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls identifies 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a lifetime risk of one in 350 people and an unmet need for disease-modifying therapies. We conducted a cross-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls, which identified 15 risk loci. When combined with 8,953 individuals with whole-genome sequencing (6,538 patients, 2,415 controls) and a large cortex-derived expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) dataset (MetaBrain), analyses revealed locus-specific genetic architectures in which we prioritized genes either through rare variants, short tandem repeats or regulatory effects. ALS-associated risk loci were shared with multiple traits within the neurodegenerative spectrum but with distinct enrichment patterns across brain regions and cell types. Of the environmental and lifestyle risk factors obtained from the literature, Mendelian randomization analyses indicated a causal role for high cholesterol levels. The combination of all ALS-associated signals reveals a role for perturbations in vesicle-mediated transport and autophagy and provides evidence for cell-autonomous disease initiation in glutamatergic neurons