Quantum enhancement of a coherent ladar receiver using phase-sensitive amplification

We demonstrate a balanced-homodyne LADAR receiver employing a phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) to raise the effective photon detection efficiency (PDE) to nearly 100%. Since typical LADAR receivers suffer from losses in the receive optical train that routinely limit overall PDE to less than 50% thus degrading SNR, PSA can provide significant improvement through amplification with noise figure near 0 dB. Receiver inefficiencies arise from sub-unity quantum efficiency, array fill factors, signal-local oscillator mixing efficiency (in coherent receivers), etc. The quantum-enhanced LADAR receiver described herein is employed in target discrimination scenarios as well as in imaging applications. We present results showing the improvement in detection performance achieved with a PSA, and discuss the performance advantage when compared to the use of a phase-insensitive amplifier, which cannot amplify noiselessly.United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Quantum Sensors ProgramUnited States. Air Force Research Laboratory (Contract FA8750- 09-C-0194

The Cambridge History of Welsh Literature

This is the first comprehensive, single-volume history of the literature of Wales. The volume contains chapters covering the whole range of Welsh literature, from post-Roman Britain to post-devolution Wales, with many of the later chapters providing holistic accounts of literature in Welsh and literature in English within a single genre or a single period of literary production