Investigation of changes in conductivity of juice during the evaporation process

The creation of this article was the necessity of experimental determination of the electric conductivity of juice depending on the concentration of solids, expressed by the empirical formula, in order to more precisely control specific power supplied to the machine and foaming. Authors of the article held staged experimental studies using apple juice, the juice of red mountain ash, buckthorn and black currant. Found that the relationship between the conductivity of the juice solids content corresponds to the empirical formula of Kohlrausch, however, this formula does not represent the contribution juice acidity value of conductivity, and allows to correlate the specific power input to the device with the concentration of solids. The empirical formulas for the distribution of electrical juice conductivity depending on the acidity and for calculation of the specific power depending on the concentration of dry matter, allows to keep the speed of the foam below its destruction speed in the zone of vigorous reflux

Harnessing the capabilities of spray granulation in the food industry for the production of functional foods

The article is the literature review of a current state of production technologies of powdery foodstuff, concentrates and multicomponent mixes. The need of the food industry for qualitative methods of processing of raw materials of different physical and chemical structure is noted. The authors give the reasons about need and possibility of a choice of granulation as a method of data processing of products. Physical and chemical features of granulation methods of disperse environments of various aggregate states based on the studied regularities and works of other authors are considered. The authors made the assumption of the application prospects of the method of liquid dispersion on the surface of particles in a suspended state for a granulation of foodstuff and they offered the alternative option. The possibility to use whey as binding element is considered. At the end of article authors draw the conclusion about the prospects of use of a method of dispersion of liquid on the surface of particles in a suspended state for a granulation of foodstuff

Оценка свойств костнозамещающих материалов на основе полиэтиленгликоль диакрилата и октакальциевого фосфата на модели монокортикального диафизарного дефекта бедренной кости крысы: экспериментальное исследование

Background. The problem of bone defects replacement is relevant nowadays, that is why many scientists create new synthetic bone substitutes, but the ideal material has not been found so far. The aims of the study: 1) to determine the suitability of the monocortical defect model in the rat femur diaphysis with additional prophylactic reinforcement with a bone plate for assessing the biological properties of implanted materials using the commercially available ChronOS material as an example; 2) to assess of the osteoconductive properties of composite materials based on poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate and octacalcium phosphate with architecture Kelvin and gyroid types on the developed model. Methods. A prospective study, level of evidence II. A monocortical defect of the rat femoral diaphysis (length 7 mm) was produced under anaesthesia in aseptic conditions and fixed with a polyetheretherketone plate and six titanium screws. In the control group, the defect was left empty. In other groups, blocks of one of three materials were implanted сhronOS and composites of poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate and octacalcium phosphate with 3D-printed Kelvin and gyroid architectures. After 3 and 6 weeks, the rats were sacrificed, and histological examination of the defect zone was performed. The amount of newly formed bone tissue was histometricly assessed, followed by statistical processing of the results. Results. All rats have reached the planned endpoint, and there were no infectious complications or loss of fixation. Histological examination of the defect zone revealed minimal bone growth in the Control group, rather slow bone formation in the Gyroid group, and statistically significantly more pronounced bone formation in the pores of the materials in the Kelvin and Chronos groups. Conclusions. Bone defect in this model was not spontaneously filled with bone tissue and allowed us to study the biological properties of bone substitutes (the ability to biodegrade and osteoconductive properties). The osteoconductive properties of a composite material based on poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate and octacalcium phosphate with a Kelvin architecture are higher than with a gyroid architecture and are comparable to that of the сhronOS.Актуальность. Проблема замещения дефектов кости актуальна в настоящее время, постоянно ведутся поиски новых синтетических костнозамещающих материалов, однако идеальный материал не найден до сих пор. Цели исследования: 1) определение пригодности модели монокортикального дефекта диафиза бедренной кости крысы с дополнительным профилактическим армированием при помощи накостной пластины для оценки биологических свойств имплантируемых материалов на примере коммерчески доступного материала сhronOS; 2) оценка остеокондуктивных свойств композитных материалов на основе полиэтиленгликоль диакрилата и октакальциевого фосфата с архитектурой Кельвина и типа гироид на разработанной модели. Материал и методы. Монокортикальный дефект диафиза бедренной кости крыс размером 7 мм в длину производили под наркозом в асептических условиях операционной и фиксировали полиэфирэфиркетоновой пластиной и шестью титановыми винтами. Крыс распределяли случайным образом на четыре группы по 12 особей в каждой. В группе Контроль у животных костный дефект не заполняли. У животных в группе Хронос дефект заполняли подготовленным материалом chronOS в виде полуцилиндрического блока, в группе Кельвин исследуемым материалом с архитектурой Кельвина, в группе Гироид исследуемым материалом с архитектурой типа гироид. Через 3 и 6 нед. крыс выводили из эксперимента и производили гистологическое исследование зоны дефекта. Затем выполняли гистометрическую оценку количества новообразованной костной ткани с последующей статистической обработкой результатов. Результаты. В ходе эксперимента все животные достигли планируемой конечной точки, инфекционные осложнения и потеря фиксации зафиксированы не были. При гистологическом исследовании зоны дефекта выявлен минимальный рост кости в группе Контроль, достаточно медленное образование кости в материале группы Гироид и статистически значимо более выраженное образование костной ткани в порах материалов в группах Кельвин и Хронос. Заключение. Разработанная модель дефекта кости спонтанно не заполняется костной тканью и позволяет проводить изучение биологических свойств костнопластических материалов (способность к биодеградации и остеокондуктивные свойства). Остеокондуктивные свойства композитного материала на основе полиэтиленгликоль диакрилата и октакальциевого фосфата с архитектурой Кельвина выше, чем с архитектурой типа гироид, и сопоставимы с таковыми у материала сhronOS

Measurement of the View the tt production cross-section using eμ events with b-tagged jets in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper describes a measurement of the inclusive top quark pair production cross-section (σtt¯) with a data sample of 3.2 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV, collected in 2015 by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. This measurement uses events with an opposite-charge electron–muon pair in the final state. Jets containing b-quarks are tagged using an algorithm based on track impact parameters and reconstructed secondary vertices. The numbers of events with exactly one and exactly two b-tagged jets are counted and used to determine simultaneously σtt¯ and the efficiency to reconstruct and b-tag a jet from a top quark decay, thereby minimising the associated systematic uncertainties. The cross-section is measured to be: σtt¯ = 818 ± 8 (stat) ± 27 (syst) ± 19 (lumi) ± 12 (beam) pb, where the four uncertainties arise from data statistics, experimental and theoretical systematic effects, the integrated luminosity and the LHC beam energy, giving a total relative uncertainty of 4.4%. The result is consistent with theoretical QCD calculations at next-to-next-to-leading order. A fiducial measurement corresponding to the experimental acceptance of the leptons is also presented

Search for strong gravity in multijet final states produced in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the LHC

A search is conducted for new physics in multijet final states using 3.6 inverse femtobarns of data from proton-proton collisions at √s = 13TeV taken at the CERN Large Hadron Collider with the ATLAS detector. Events are selected containing at least three jets with scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT) greater than 1TeV. No excess is seen at large HT and limits are presented on new physics: models which produce final states containing at least three jets and having cross sections larger than 1.6 fb with HT > 5.8 TeV are excluded. Limits are also given in terms of new physics models of strong gravity that hypothesize additional space-time dimensions

Search for TeV-scale gravity signatures in high-mass final states with leptons and jets with the ATLAS detector at sqrt [ s ] = 13TeV

A search for physics beyond the Standard Model, in final states with at least one high transverse momentum charged lepton (electron or muon) and two additional high transverse momentum leptons or jets, is performed using 3.2 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 at √s = 13 TeV. The upper end of the distribution of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of leptons and jets is sensitive to the production of high-mass objects. No excess of events beyond Standard Model predictions is observed. Exclusion limits are set for models of microscopic black holes with two to six extra dimensions

The performance of the jet trigger for the ATLAS detector during 2011 data taking

The performance of the jet trigger for the ATLAS detector at the LHC during the 2011 data taking period is described. During 2011 the LHC provided proton–proton collisions with a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and heavy ion collisions with a 2.76 TeV per nucleon–nucleon collision energy. The ATLAS trigger is a three level system designed to reduce the rate of events from the 40 MHz nominal maximum bunch crossing rate to the approximate 400 Hz which can be written to offline storage. The ATLAS jet trigger is the primary means for the online selection of events containing jets. Events are accepted by the trigger if they contain one or more jets above some transverse energy threshold. During 2011 data taking the jet trigger was fully efficient for jets with transverse energy above 25 GeV for triggers seeded randomly at Level 1. For triggers which require a jet to be identified at each of the three trigger levels, full efficiency is reached for offline jets with transverse energy above 60 GeV. Jets reconstructed in the final trigger level and corresponding to offline jets with transverse energy greater than 60 GeV, are reconstructed with a resolution in transverse energy with respect to offline jets, of better than 4 % in the central region and better than 2.5 % in the forward direction

Search for dark matter produced in association with a hadronically decaying vector boson in pp collisions at sqrt (s) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is presented for dark matter produced in association with a hadronically decaying W or Z boson using 3.2 fb−1 of pp collisions at View the MathML sources=13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with a hadronic jet compatible with a W or Z boson and with large missing transverse momentum are analysed. The data are consistent with the Standard Model predictions and are interpreted in terms of both an effective field theory and a simplified model containing dark matter

Measurement of the double-differential high-mass Drell-Yan cross section in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents a measurement of the double-differential cross section for the Drell-Yan Z/γ∗ → ℓ+ℓ− and photon-induced γγ → ℓ+ℓ− processes where ℓ is an electron or muon. The measurement is performed for invariant masses of the lepton pairs, mℓℓ, between 116 GeV and 1500 GeV using a sample of 20.3 fb−1 of pp collisions data at centre-of-mass energy of √s = 8 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2012. The data are presented double differentially in invariant mass and absolute dilepton rapidity as well as in invariant mass and absolute pseudorapidity separation of the lepton pair. The single-differential cross section as a function of mℓℓ is also reported. The electron and muon channel measurements are combined and a total experimental precision of better than 1% is achieved at low mℓℓ. A comparison to next-to-next-to-leading order perturbative QCD predictions using several recent parton distribution functions and including next-to-leading order electroweak effects indicates the potential of the data to constrain parton distribution functions. In particular, a large impact of the data on the photon PDF is demonstrated