133 research outputs found
Assembling places and persons: a tenth-century Viking boat burial from Swordle Bay on the Ardnamurchan peninsula, western Scotland
A rare, intact Viking boat burial in western Scotland contained a rich assemblage of grave goods, providing clues to the identity and origins of both the interred individual and the people who gathered to create the site. The burial evokes the mundane and the exotic, past and present, as well as local, national and international identities. Isotopic analysis of the teeth hints at a possible Scandinavian origin for the deceased, while Scottish, Irish and Scandinavian connections are attested by the grave goods. Weapons indicate a warrior of high status; other objects imply connections to daily life, cooking and work, farming and food production. The burial site is itself rich in symbolic associations, being close to a Neolithic burial cairn, the stones of which may have been incorporated into the grave
Understanding of a negative bowel screening result and potential impact on future symptom appraisal and help-seeking behaviour: a focus group study.
This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hex.12484BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening using a faecal occult blood test (FOBt) has the potential to reduce cancer-related mortality. Symptom vigilance remains crucial as a proportion of cancers will be diagnosed between screening rounds. A negative FOBt has the potential to influence how participants respond to future symptoms of CRC. OBJECTIVE: To explore (i) understanding of a negative FOBt and (ii) the potential impact of a negative FOBt upon future symptom appraisal and help-seeking behaviour. DESIGN: Qualitative methodology utilizing focus groups with participants who received a negative FOBt within the National Bowel Cancer Screening Programme in Coventry and Lothian. Topics explored included: experience of screening participation, interpretation and understanding of a negative result, symptom awareness and attitudes towards help-seeking. RESULTS: Four broad themes were identified: (i) emotional response to a negative FOBt, (ii) understanding the limitations of FOBt screening, (iii) symptom knowledge and interpretation and (iv) over-reassurance from a negative FOBt. Participants were reassured by a negative FOBt, but there was variability in the extent to which the result was interpreted as an "all clear". Some participants acknowledged the residual risk of cancer and the temporal characteristic of the result, while others were surprised that the result was not a guarantee that they did not have cancer. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Participants recognized that reassurance from a negative FOBt could lead to a short-term delay in help-seeking if symptoms developed. Screening programmes should seek to emphasize the importance of the temporal nature of FOBt results with key messages about symptom recognition and prompt help-seeking behaviour.This study was funded by the National Awareness and Early Diagnosis Initiative led by Cancer Research UK, the Department of Health, NHS England and Public Health England. Award number C12357/A12240
Is metal theft committed by organized crime groups, and why does it matter?
Using the example of metal theft in the United Kingdom, this study used mixed methods to evaluate the accuracy of police estimates of the involvement of organised crime groups (OCGs) in crime. Police estimate that 20-30% of metal theft is committed by OCGs, but this study found that only 0.5% of metal thieves had previous convictions for offences related to OCGs, that only 1.3% were linked to OCGs by intelligence information, that metal thieves typically offended close to their homes and that almost no metal thefts involved sophisticated offence methods. It appears that police may over-estimate the involvement of OCGs in some types of crime. The reasons for and consequences of this over-estimation are discussed
The Vehicle, Spring 1989
Table of Contents
Home MoviesBob Zordanipage 4
Mummy BreathMichael Salempage 5
Pop ArtMonica Grothpage 6
Grey Haze and MoonAllison Stroudpage 7
The State of Being at a Soap & SudsDenise Santorpage 9
Letter HomeJim Reedpage 10
Thursday Afternoon in the StacksRebecca Dickenspage 11
Sizing DownMichael Salempage 12
Intellectual AnatomyMonica Grothpage 13
Grandmother PoemAmy Sparkspage 14
Blues of the BrothermanAlma Watsonpage 15
MigrationPatrick Peterspage 17
RidingBob Zordanipage 18
All Hallow\u27s EveErik Hansonpage 19
Waiting RoomAmy Sparkspage 20
Father, Forgive HerMonica Grothpage 21
Silent ReplyTom Caldwellpage 22
PhotographRobb Montgomerypage 24
WashdayAnn Moutraypage 25
PhotographDiane Atkinspage 26
Uptown FogRobb Montgomerypage 27
Shinbones and SkullsJennifer Berkshirepage 29
Sudden Small PhrasesPatrick Peterspage 31https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1053/thumbnail.jp
The Vehicle, Fall 1987
Table of Contents
Sketches in the SunRodger L. Patiencepage 3
Reflecting PoolRob Montgomerypage 5
Grandpa\u27s Porcelain DollRichard E. Hallpage 6
Tintype 1837Catherine Friemannpage 6
PhotographSteven M. Beamerpage 7
Washerwoman\u27s SongBob Zordanipage 8
Scrambled Eggs for D.O.Lynne A. Rafoolpage 8
my mother would sayMonica Grothpage 9
Retired by His ChildrenDan Von Holtenpage 10
I am the oldestMonica Grothpage 11
Ice on WheatRob Montgomerypage 12
The Nature of the RoseTroy Mayfieldpage 12
Past NebraskaDan Hornbostelpage 13
Five Minute Jamaican VacationChristy Dunphypage 14
PhotographSteven M. Beamerpage 14
The Angry PoemChristy Dunphypage 15
Road UnfamiliarChristy Dunphypage 15
raised voicesMonica Grothpage 16
Old Ladies & MiniskirtsKara Shannonpage 17
FreakspeakBob Zordanipage 18
PortraitDan Von Holtenpage 18
Mobile VacuumKathleen L. Fairfieldpage 19
Rev. Fermus DickSteve Hagemannpage 20
PhotographSteven M. Beamerpage 21
What\u27s the Name of That Flower?Richard Jesse Davispage 22
RequestChristy Dunphypage 23
SketchPaul Seabaughpage 24
ExperiencedMarilyn Wilsonpage 26
Leaving: Two ViewsTina Phillipspage 27
AntaeusDan Von Holtenpage 28
Misogyny at 19J. D. Finfrockpage 29
A Mental CrippleSteve Hagemannpage 32
AssociationsRhonda Ealypage 33
Banana BreadGail Bowerpage 34
Bill and JackBradford B. Autenpage 35
After Image No. 2Rob Montgomerypage 35
VrrooomBeth Goodmanpage 36
Mr. Modern LoverMolly Maddenpage 36
TravelogueRodger L. Patiencepage 37
Down the HighwayJoan Sebastianpage 38
A Retread HeavenRob Montgomerypage 41
StuporDan Von Holtenpage 42
Love Poem After a Seizure in Your BedBob Zordanipage 43
PalsyChristy Dunphypage 44
Interview with Mr. MatthewsBob Zordanipage 45
Chasing Down Hot Air Balloons on a Sunday MorningRob Montgomerypage 48https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1049/thumbnail.jp
Effect of asymmetric terminal structures of short RNA duplexes on the RNA interference activity and strand selection
Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are valuable reagents for sequence-specific inhibition of gene expression via the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. Although it has been proposed that the relative thermodynamic stability at the 5′-ends of siRNAs plays a crucial role in siRNA strand selection, we demonstrate here that a character of the 2-nt 3′-overhang of siRNAs is the predominant determinant of which strand participates in the RNAi pathway. We show that siRNAs with a unilateral 2-nt 3′-overhang on the antisense strand are more effective than siRNAs with 3′-overhangs at both ends, due to preferential loading of the antisense strand into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Regardless of the relative thermodynamic stabilities at the ends of siRNAs, overhang-containing strands are predominantly selected as the guide strand; whereas, relative stability markedly influences opposite strand selection. Moreover, we show that sense strand modifications, such as deletions or DNA substitutions, of siRNAs with unilateral overhang on the antisense strand have no negative effect on the antisense strand selection, but may improve RNAi potency. Our findings provide useful guidelines for the design of potent siRNAs and contribute to understanding the crucial factors in determining strand selection in mammalian cells
Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in European Wildlife
Staphylococcus aureus is a well-known colonizer and cause of infection among
animals and it has been described from numerous domestic and wild animal
species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular
epidemiology of S. aureus in a convenience sample of European wildlife and to
review what previously has been observed in the subject field. 124 S. aureus
isolates were collected from wildlife in Germany, Austria and Sweden; they
were characterized by DNA microarray hybridization and, for isolates with
novel hybridization patterns, by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The
isolates were assigned to 29 clonal complexes and singleton sequence types
(CC1, CC5, CC6, CC7, CC8, CC9, CC12, CC15, CC22, CC25, CC30, CC49, CC59, CC88,
CC97, CC130, CC133, CC398, ST425, CC599, CC692, CC707, ST890, CC1956, ST2425,
CC2671, ST2691, CC2767 and ST2963), some of which (ST2425, ST2691, ST2963)
were not described previously. Resistance rates in wildlife strains were
rather low and mecA-MRSA isolates were rare (n = 6). mecC-MRSA (n = 8) were
identified from a fox, a fallow deer, hares and hedgehogs. The common cattle-
associated lineages CC479 and CC705 were not detected in wildlife in the
present study while, in contrast, a third common cattle lineage, CC97, was
found to be common among cervids. No Staphylococcus argenteus or
Staphylococcus schweitzeri-like isolates were found. Systematic studies are
required to monitor the possible transmission of human- and livestock-
associated S. aureus/MRSA to wildlife and vice versa as well as the possible
transmission, by unprotected contact to animals. The prevalence of S.
aureus/MRSA in wildlife as well as its population structures in different
wildlife host species warrants further investigation
Isotopic evidence of human mobility and diet in a prehistoric/protohistoric Fijian coastal environment (c. 750-150 BP)
OBJECTIVES: Bourewa, on the southwest coast of Viti Levu in Fiji, is a multi-period site that contained burials dated to the later Vuda Phase (750-150 BP), a period of climatic fluctuations that potentially impacted the availability of food resources. We aim to investigate diet and movement at this site during a time of possible ecological pressure and political change. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed δ(13) C, δ(15) N, and (87) Sr/(86) Sr of these Vuda Phase individuals (n = 25) interred at the site. By analyzing dentin and bone, both childhood diet and the diet within the past few years of adults' lives were examined. RESULTS: The paleodietary results suggested that adult diets consisted largely of low trophic level marine organisms. Dentin and bone isotopic values differed significantly: childhood diet involved consumption of more higher trophic level terrestrial foods. Most individuals displayed (87) Sr/(86) Sr ratios expected of people living along a marine coastline. However, a few individuals displayed (87) Sr/(86) Sr ratios and paleodietary values (δ(13) Cdentin , δ(15) Ndentin ) suggestive of living further inland or consuming a more terrestrial-based childhood diet. DISCUSSION: The results are compared with past studies of sites from Fiji and nearby archipelagoes, placing our interpretations into a wider regional context. The Bourewa community appears to have consumed more low trophic level marine foods than any nearby site, possibly because terrestrial foods were more difficult to acquire. Interpreting the childhood diet is challenging due to the paucity of ethnohistoric literature on Fijian childhood; small meals outside of communal mealtimes or feeding children terrestrial animal protein as a means of cultural buffering are potential explanations
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