Pharmacokinetics in vivo and pharmacodynamics ex vivo/in vitro of meropenem and cefpirome in the Yucatan micropig model: continuous infusion versus intermittent injection

ObjectiveTo investigate the pharmacodynamic disposition of two recently developed β-lactam antibiotics, meropenem and cefpirome, in the Yucatan micropig model, and to compare the bactericidal activity of these drugs against bacteria in this in vitro/ex vivo micropig model after administration by both intermittent injection and continuous infusion.MethodsCefpirome (1 g) was given to the micropig over a 12-h period by direct intravenous injection and 6-h continuous infusion (500 mg). Meropenem (250 mg) was administered either by 30-min intravenous and 8-h continuous infusion. The two drugs were assayed by HPLC. The pharmacodynamics of these drugs were evaluated by means of (1) serum killing curve against Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase, stably derepressed Enterobacter cloacae and methicillin-susceptible penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus aureus, and (2) calculations of index of surviving bacteria (ISB).ResultsThe bactericidal activity of meropenem against K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae in this in vitro/ex vivo model was excellent, with a 4 log decrease at peak concentrations. Meropenem produced a mixed concentration- and time-dependent, killing effect against E. cloacae and K. pneumoniae. The ISB value ranged from 25% to 30% for E. cloacae. With concentrations above MIC for S. aureus (1 mg/L), cefpirome has a time-dependent bactericidal activity, as shown by the ISB ranging from 20% to 80% after 4 h and between 20% and 40% after an 8-h drug exposure. For both antibiotics, the higher concentrations obtained just after intermittent injection had a rapid and strong killing effect against the strains tested, but the trough levels had no bactericidal activity. The continuous infusions produce consistent concentrations of antibiotic that can be maintained above the MIC, and the bactericidal activity of which ranges from 2 to 4 log10 decrease of inoculum.ConclusionsIn the present study the micropig has been shown to be an adequate model for the pharmacodynamic investigation of cefpirome and meropenem. In general, continuous infusion appears to optimize the pharmacodynamic profile of the two tested β-lactam antibiotics. However, against Gram-negative bacilli, the administration of a loading dose prior to continuous infusion of β-lactams would eliminate the only potential pharmacokinetic disadvantage of continuous infusion and ensure the rapid onset of antimicrobial activity

Une nouvelle mention du dieu Mars Mullo : un graffite sur vase à Notre-Dame-du-Marillais (Le Marillais, Maine-et-Loire)

Un bol en sigillée du Centre-Ouest, découvert fortuitement à Notre-Dame-du-Marillais (Maine-et-Loire), porte un graffite à caractère votif où sont mentionnés les puissances divines des Augustes et le dieu Mullo. Ce nouveau témoignage s’ajoute à un corpus d’une douzaine d’autres mentions de Mars Mullo, divinité poliade honorée dans plusieurs cités de l’Ouest de la Lyonnaise.A Terra Sigillata bowl from Central-West Gaul, discovered by chance on the site of Notre-Dame-du-Marillais (Maine-et-Loire, France), bears a votive graffito which mentions the divine spirits of the emperors and the god Mullo. This new evidence is to be added to a corpus of a dozen other records of Mars Mullo, poliade godhead honoured in several territories of the Western Lyonnaise province

Optical properties of cubic AlGaN

In this work we report optical characterization on several cubic c-AlGaN layers grown by MBE on SiC on Si pseudo-substrates, with different aluminum concentrations ranging from 0 to 70 %. Excitation power evolution of AlGaN photoluminescence (PL) spectra as well as reflectivity spectra allow to attribute PL peak to band gap recombination. PL energy dependence versus aluminum concentration is given. Reflectivity investigations are performed in the energy range between 1.5 eV and 4 eV on the samples. Theoretical calculations of multilayered structure reflectivity are fitted to experimental results, allowing an accurate determination of refractive index evolution versus Al concentration. From this analysis, qualitative information about interface roughness at AlGaN/SiC is also be derived.SFERERegion Rhône-AlpesConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologí

Rezé – Saint-Lupien

Inscrite dans la continuité des fouilles menées dans les années 1980, puis à la fin des années 1990 et début 2000, la question du lien entre la ville antique de Ratiatum et le fleuve Loire fait l’objet d’un nouveau programme pluriannuel depuis 2005. Pour le mener à bien, une équipe de recherche pluri-institutionnelle et pluridisciplinaire, composée de Rémy Arthuis (géomorphologue, Inrap), David Guitton (céramologue, Inrap), Yves Henigfeld (Maître de conférences, université de Nantes), Martial..

Rezé – Saint-Lupien

La problématique des relations entre le quartier antique de Saint-Lupien à Ratiatum et le fleuve Loire, développée dans la continuité des fouilles initiées à partir des années 1980, fait l’objet d’un nouveau programme pluriannuel depuis 2005. Pour la mener à bien, une équipe de recherche pluri-institutionnelle et pluridisciplinaire réunit Rémy Arthuis (géomorphologue, Inrap), David Guitton (céramologue, Inrap), Yves Henigfeld (maître de conférences, université de Nantes), Martial Monteil (maî..

Le sanctuaire gallo-romain de Vieille-Cour à Mauves-sur-Loire (Loire-Atlantique): bilan des connaissances

Le sanctuaire de l’agglomération antique de Mauves-sur-Loire (Loire-Atlantique) a été fouillé en 1885-1886, 1966 et 1976-1979, mais est resté pratiquement inédit. La reprise de l’ensemble de la documentation de fouille permet d’en proposer une lecture renouvelée. Après une occupation laténienne d’interprétation malaisée, les phases principales datent du début du iersiècle, du dernier tiers de ce même siècle et du milieu du iie: elles signent le passage d’une aire cultuelle relativement modeste, où aucun temple n’a pu être reconnu, à un temple romano-celtique lui-même transformé ensuite en un édifice périptère sur podium. Le sanctuaire est abandonné dans le courant de la seconde moitié du ivesiècle de notre ère. Les mobiliers associés font l’objet d’une étude plus ou moins complète suivant les cas, à vocation chronologique ou thématique.The sanctuary of the Gallo-Roman small town of Mauves-sur-Loire (Loire-Atlantique) was excavated in 1885-1886, 1966 and 1976-1979, but has so far remained practically unpublished. Going back over the whole documentation related to the excavation now provides an opportunity to cast a new light on these documents. After a La Tene occupation which is not easy to interpret, the three main phases date from the the early 1st century AD, the last third of the same century, and the middle 2nd one : they signal the passage from a relatively small worship area, where no temple could be recognized, to a Romano-Celtic temple, which itself was then transformed into a pillared bulding on podium. The sanctuary was abandoned during the second half of 4th century. Associated assemblages are the subject of a study which, depending on the topics, is more or less comprehensive, and which is conducted from a chronological or thematic standpoint

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

Search for supersymmetry in events with one lepton and multiple jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.