105 research outputs found

    À propos de la luciditĂ© des acteurs en recherche-formation

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    Cette contribution rend compte d’une recherche menĂ©e avec des formateurs d’adultes aux insertions professionnelles diverses. L’objectif consistait Ă  faire ressortir les composantes de la construction identitaire de ces formateurs Ă  la lumiĂšre de leur itinĂ©raire institutionnel, racontĂ© selon une approche biographique. L’expĂ©rience relatĂ©e rend compte d’un processus dans lequel recherche et formation sont Ă©troitement liĂ©es dans la construction d’un savoir commun. Il est dĂ©montrĂ© que la place attribuĂ©e Ă  la dimension existentielle favorise, d’une part, la mĂ©diation entre chercheurs et praticiens et qu’elle nĂ©cessite, d’autre part, une grande vigilance de la part des acteurs concernĂ©s, afin de garder une attitude critique face notamment Ă  l’imbrication des diffĂ©rents rĂŽles tenus par la protagoniste de la recherche tout au long du processus.This article describes a research developed with adult education trainers from various professional programs. The objective was to identify the components of these trainers’ identity construction in light of their specific educational history, as narrated using a biographical approach. The results show the process in which research and training are directly related in the construction of a common knowledge. It was shown, on the one hand, that the role attributed to the existential dimension promotes the mediation between researchers and practitioners and, on the other hand, that it requires the close monitoring by those participants involved in order to maintain a critical attitude towards the overlap of different roles played by the researcher throughout the process.Esta contribuciĂłn da cuenta de una investigaciĂłn conducida con formadores de adultos de diversas inserciones profesionales. Tiene por objetivo hacer resaltar los componentes de la construcciĂłn identitaria de estos formadores a la luz de su itinerario institucional, contado segĂșn un enfoque biogrĂĄfico. La experiencia relatada da cuenta de un proceso en el cual investigaciĂłn y formaciĂłn son vinculados de forma estrecha en la construcciĂłn de un saber comĂșn. Se ha demostrado que el lugar atribuido a la dimensiĂłn existencial favorece, por un lado, la mediaciĂłn entre investigadores y prĂĄcticos y necesita, por otro lado, una gran vigilancia por parte de los actores involucrados, con la finalidad de mantener una actitud crĂ­tica, en particular frente a la imbricaciĂłn de los distintos papeles desempeñados por la protagonista de la investigaciĂłn a lo largo del proceso

    Cave Genesis and its relationship to surface processes: investigations in the Siebenhengste region (BE, Switzerland)

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    Du point de vue spĂ©lĂ©ologique, la rĂ©gion des Siebenhengste est l’une des plus importantes du monde. La densitĂ© exceptionnelle des galeries souterraines, qui s’étendent sur plus de 1500 m de dĂ©nivelĂ©, en fait un site privilĂ©giĂ© pour l’étude de la palĂ©ogĂ©omorphologie alpine et de la palĂ©oclimatologie glaciaire. La prĂ©sente thĂšse se concentre sur la grotte de St. BĂ©at et le BĂ€renschacht, situĂ©s au sud de ladite rĂ©gion. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus, qui concernent la tectonique, l’hydrogĂ©ologie, la spĂ©lĂ©ogenĂšse, la palĂ©ogĂ©ographie et la palĂ©oclimatologie, sont prĂ©sentĂ©s sommairement ci-dessous. Tectonique et stratigraphie: Le rejet de la faille de Hohgant-Sundlauenen (HSV) est de l’ordre de 1 km. L’épaisseur stratigraphique du Schrattenkalk et de la sĂ©rie du Hohgant permet l’observation de l’activitĂ© synsĂ©dimentaire de la HSV Ă  partir du CrĂ©tacĂ© infĂ©rieur jusqu’à l’EocĂšne. L’histoire complexe de l’activitĂ© tectonique et de la sĂ©dimentation pendant cette pĂ©riode est esquissĂ©e. La Waldegg est une structure en Horst et Graben. HydrogĂ©ologie: Des observations dans la grotte de St. BĂ©at ont dĂ©montrĂ© que les eaux du karst sont capables de former des cavitĂ©s Ă  l’intĂ©rieur et au travers de formations impermĂ©ables. De plus, les diffluences vadoses sont trĂšs courantes, et les transfluences ne nĂ©cessitent pas une couche impermĂ©able pour leur mise en place. Certains rĂ©sultats «étranges» des essais de traçage peuvent ĂȘtre expliquĂ©s par ces observations. Un essai de traçage a permis de dĂ©limiter les bassins versants de la grotte de St. BĂ©at et des Siebenhengste. Une revue de tous les traçages effectuĂ©s dans la rĂ©gion des Siebenhengste-Hohgant est prĂ©sentĂ©e et permet de faire une synthĂšse des systĂšmes hydrogĂ©ologiques au nord d’Interlaken. SpĂ©lĂ©ogenĂšse: La morphologie des galeries dans la zone Ă©piphrĂ©atique actuelle indique que la corrosion en temps de crue, bien que temporaire, prĂ©domine sur l’érosion vadose pĂ©renne, avec pour corollaire la forme phrĂ©atique des galeries qui se situent dans la zone Ă©piphrĂ©atique. La transition mĂ©andre-tube se fait au toit de cette zone, qui est responsable de la derniĂšre Ă©tape morphogĂ©nĂ©tique des cavitĂ©s alpines. Les phases spĂ©lĂ©ogĂ©nĂ©tiques sont liĂ©es Ă  la zone Ă©piphrĂ©atique. Des soutirages vidangent la zone Ă©piphrĂ©atique en temps d’étiage. Leur genĂšse est intimement liĂ©e Ă  l’existence d’une zone de battement. La transition d’une phase Ă  l’autre se fait assez rapidement. Par contre, un Ă©quilibre entre la taille des galeries et le dĂ©bit total n’est atteint qu’asymptotiquement et aprĂšs un temps considĂ©rable. Reconstitution de la palĂ©ogĂ©ographie: On a trouvĂ© douze phases spĂ©lĂ©ogĂ©nĂ©tiques, d’ñges diffĂ©rents. On assume que leur source Ă©tait en relation avec un ancien fond de vallĂ©e. Ainsi, les phases spĂ©lĂ©ogĂ©nĂ©tiques indiqueraient l’approfondissement progressif de la vallĂ©e. Les phases traitĂ©es dans le prĂ©sent travail se situent Ă  558, 660, 700, 760, 805 et 890 m d’altitude. L’analyse statistique des petites cavitĂ©s confirme ces phases. Des observations morphologiques et sĂ©dimentologiques suggĂšrent une genĂšse des galeries les plus anciennes aux Siebenhengste pendant le dernier dĂ©pĂŽt de molasse, au Mio/PliocĂšne, avant l’approfondissement de la vallĂ©e de l’Aare. Datation des phases et information palĂ©oclimatique: L’érosion laisse toujours des restes de sĂ©diment Ă  l’intĂ©rieur d’une cavitĂ©, que l’on peut utiliser pour une reconstitution du palĂ©oclimat. La genĂšse des cavitĂ©s et le dĂ©pĂŽt de concrĂ©tions a lieu pendant les pĂ©riodes chaudes, tandis que les glaciations causent l’arrĂȘt de la spĂ©lĂ©ogenĂšse et le dĂ©pĂŽt des limons varvĂ©s dus Ă  l’ennoyement des galeries. Plusieurs profils sĂ©dimentaires, principalement dans la grotte de St. BĂ©at, ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s. La succession sĂ©dimentaire permet une reconstitution chronologique des Ă©vĂšnements, combinĂ©e ensuite avec les phases spĂ©lĂ©ogĂ©nĂ©tiques. On obtient ainsi des indications sur l’ñge relatif des profils et des phases spĂ©lĂ©ogĂ©nĂ©tiques correspondantes. La datation de cette chronologie permet de retracer les phases spĂ©lĂ©ogĂ©nĂ©tiques et, en mĂȘme temps, les avancĂ©es et retraits glaciaires. Les rĂ©sultats montrent six avancĂ©es, Ă  >350 ka, 235-180 ka, 157-135 ka, 114-99 ka, 76-54 ka et 39-16 ka. La phase spĂ©lĂ©ogĂ©nĂ©tique 760 Ă©tait active Ă  >350-235 ka, la phase 700 Ă  180-157 ka, la phase 660 Ă  135-39 ka, et la phase actuelle 558 entre 39 ka et aujourd’hui. L’analyse intĂ©grale d’un systĂšme souterrain fournit des informations palĂ©oclimatiques bien plus significatives que l’étude d’échantillons isolĂ©s dans un systĂšme essentiellement ouvert. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© rendue possible grĂące Ă  la topographie souterraine bĂ©nĂ©vole effectuĂ©e par des gĂ©nĂ©rations de spĂ©lĂ©ologues.Die Region der Siebenhengste ist eine der grössten Höhlengebiete weltweit. Ihre hohe Dichte an HöhlengĂ€ngen, die sich ĂŒber mehr als 1500 Höhenmeter erstrecken, machen sie zu einem idealen Ort zum Studium der alpinen PalĂ€ogeomorphologie und glazialen PalĂ€oklimatologie. Die vorliegende Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die St. Beatus-Höhle und den BĂ€renschacht, die sich am sĂŒdlichen Ende der Höhlenregion befinden. Die Resultate ĂŒber Tektonik, Hydrogeologie, Höhlenentstehung, PalĂ€ogeographie und PalĂ€oklimatologie werden im Folgenden summarisch prĂ€sentiert. Tektonik und Stratigraphie: Der Versatz der Hohgant-Sundlauenen-Verwerfung (HSV) liegt bei 1 km. Die stratigraphischen MĂ€chtigkeiten des Schrattenkalkes und der Hohgantserie erlauben, eine synsedimentĂ€re AktivitĂ€t der HSV bereits ab der Unterkreide bis zum EozĂ€n zu belegen. Eine komplexe Geschichte der BruchaktivitĂ€t und Sedimentation dieses Zeitalters wird nachgezeichnet. Die Waldegg ist eine Horst-Graben-Struktur. Hydrogeologie: Beobachtungen in der St. Beatus-Höhle haben gezeigt, dass KarstwĂ€sser auch innerhalb und quer zu undurchlĂ€ssigen Schichten Höhlen bilden können. ZusĂ€tzlich sind vadose Diffluenzen sehr hĂ€ufig, und Transfluenzen sind nicht auf Gebiete mit undurchlĂ€ssigen Schichten beschrĂ€nkt. Durch diese Beobachtungen können „seltsame“ Resultate von FĂ€rbversuchen erklĂ€rt werden. Ein FĂ€rbversuch erlaubte die Abgrenzung der Einzugsgebiete der St. Beatus-Höhle von demjenigen der Siebenhengste. Eine Übersicht ĂŒber alle je in der Region durchgefĂŒhrten FĂ€rbversuche wurde erstellt und erlaubt einen Überblick ĂŒber die hydrogeologischen Systeme nördlich von Interlaken. Höhlenentstehung: Die Gangmorphologie zeigt, dass in der heutigen epiphreatischen Zone die zeitweilige Hochwasserkorrosion ĂŒber die stĂ€ndige Niederwassererosion dominiert, was eine phreatische Morphologie innerhalb der epiphreatischen Zone ergibt. Der Übergang MĂ€ander-Röhre geschieht im Dach dieser Zone, welche fĂŒr die letzte Morphogenese zumindest in alpinen Höhlen verantwortlich ist. Die spelĂ€ogenetischen Phasen sind in Zusammenhang mit der epiphreatischen Zone. Soutirages entleeren die epiphreatische Zone wĂ€hrend Niederwasser. Ihre Genese ist von der Existenz einer Hochwasserzone abhĂ€ngig. Der Übergang von einer spelĂ€ogenetischen Phase zur nĂ€chsten geschieht verhĂ€ltnismĂ€ssig schnell; ein Gleichgewicht zwischen SchĂŒttung und Ganggrösse stellt sich jedoch sehr wahrscheinlich nur asymptotisch und nach einer sehr langen Zeit ein. Rekonstruktion der PalĂ€ogeographie: Es wurden zwölf spelĂ€ogenetische Phasen verschiedenen Alters gefunden, deren Quelle wohl in Zusammenhang mit einem alten Talboden steht. Aus diesem Grunde sollten die spelĂ€ogenetischen Phasen die Abfolge der Taleintiefung darstellen. Die in der vorliegenden Arbeit besonders studierten Phasen liegen auf 558, 660, 700, 760, 805 und 890 m ĂŒ.M. Die statistische Analyse von Kleinhöhlen bestĂ€tigt diese Phasen. Morphologische und sedimentologische Befunde legen eine Entstehung der Ă€ltesten GĂ€nge auf den Siebenhengsten zur Zeit der Molasseablagerung, also im Mio-PliozĂ€n, nahe, bevor das Aaretal begann zu existieren. Datierung der Phasen und palĂ€oklimatische Informationen: Die Erosion verschont zumeist Überreste der Sedimente. Aus diesem Grund sind Höhlen zur Rekonstruktion des PalĂ€oklimas geeignet. Höhlenentstehung und Tropfsteinablagerung geschieht wĂ€hrend Warmzeiten, wĂ€hrend Eiszeiten die SpelĂ€ogenese behindern und wegen des Wasserspiegelanstiegs gewarvte Silte ablagern. Einige Sedimentprofile, zumeist aus der St. Beatus-Höhle, wurden untersucht. Die sedimentĂ€re Abfolge erlaubt eine chronologische Rekonstruktion von Ereignissen, die dann mit den spelĂ€genetischen Phasen kombiniert wird und so Angaben ĂŒber die relative Abfolge der Profile untereinander sowie ĂŒber die AlterszusammenhĂ€nge der Phasen liefert. Die Datierung dieser Chronologie erlaubt sodann die zeitliche Einstufung der spelĂ€ogenetischen Phasen sowie der Eisvorstösse und -rĂŒckzĂŒge. Die Resultate zeigen sechs Eisvorstösse bei >350 ka, 235-180 ka, 157-135 ka, 114-99 ka, 76-54 ka und 39-16 ka. Die spelĂ€ogenetische Phase 760 war zwischen >350-235 ka aktiv, Phase 700 zwischen 180-157 ka, Phase 660 wiederum zwischen 135-39 ka, und die heutige Phase 558 seit 39 ka. Eine Gesamtanalyse der Höhle ergibt sinnvollere Resultate als die punktuelle Analyse von Einzelproben in einem grundsĂ€tzlich offenen System. Diese Arbeit war nur möglich dank der ehrenamtlichen Höhlenvermessung durch Generationen von Höhlenforschern.The Siebenhengste region is one of the most significant cave areas in the world. Its high density of cave passages that extend over 1500 m in altitude makes it a key site for the study of Alpine paleogeomorphology and paleoclimatology. The present thesis concentrates on St. Beatus Cave and BĂ€renschacht at the southern rim of the cave region. The tectonics, hydrogeology, speleogenesis, paleogeography, and paleoclimatology are summarised as follows: Tectonics and stratigraphy: The throw of the Hohgant-Sundlauenen fault (HSV) is around 1 km. The stratigraphical thickness of the Schrattenkalk and Hohgant series allow an examination of the synsedimentary activity of the HSV from the Lower Cretaceous up to the Eocene. A complicated history of faulting activity and sedimentation in this timespan is retraced. The Waldegg is found to be a Horst-Graben structure. Hydrogeology: Observations in St. Beatus Cave have shown that karst waters not only can generate caves across and within impermeable formations; in addition vadose diffluences are common, and transfluences do not necessarily require an impermeable layer to form. These findings allow an explanation of complex results of water tracings to be formulated. A tracing experiment permitted delineation of the catchment areas of St. Beatus Cave and Siebenhengste. A review of all tracing experiments performed in the Siebenhengste-Hohgant area is made, and allows an overview of the hydrogeologic systems to the north of Interlaken. Speleogenesis: The passage morphology shows that in the present epiphreatic zone, temporal floodwater corrosion prevails over perennial low-water erosion, resulting in a phreatic morphology of the tubes within the epiphreatic zone. The transition from meandering canyon to tubetype passages occurs at the top of this zone, which is responsible for the latest stage of tube morphogenesis in Alpine caves. The speleogenetic phases are related to the top of the epiphreatic zone. Soutirages empty the epiphreatic zone in low water condition. Their genesis is intimately connected to the existence of a floodwater zone. The transition from one speleogenetic phase to another happens rapidly; however, equilibrium between passage size and total discharge most probably is reached only asymptotically and needs considerable time. Reconstruction of paleogeography: Twelve speleogenetic phases of different age can be found. The spring responsible for their formation is thought to be related to an old valley bottom. Therefore, the speleogenetic phases should directly indicate the successive deepening of the valley. The six phases that are investigated in the present study are found at 558, 660, 700, 760, 805, and 890 m a.s.l. The statistical analysis of small caves near the surface supports the definition of these phases. Morphologic and sedimentologic findings suggest the genesis of the oldest conduits at Siebenhengste to be contemporaneous with the last Molasse deposition in Mio-Pliocene, before the Aare valley existed. Phase-dating and paleoclimatic information: Erosion always leaves some sedimentary traces within the cave, which therefore yields paleoclimatic information. Cave genesis and speleothem deposition occurs during warm periods, whereas during glaciations, speleogenesis stops. Instead, varved silts are deposited as a result of waterlevel rise. Several sediment profiles are investigated, most of them within the St. Beatus Cave. The sedimentary succession allows a chronological reconstruction of events that, when combined with the speleogenetic phases, gives information about the relative age of each profile, and thus about the age of the speleogenetic phase. The dating of this chronology then allows the estimation of ages for the speleogenetic phases and glacial advances and retreats. The results show six glaciations at >350 ka, 235-180 ka, 157-135 ka, 114-99 ka, 76-54 ka, and 39-16 ka. The speleogenetic phase 760 was present at >350-235 ka, phase 700 was active at 180-157 ka, phase 660 again at 135-39 ka, and the present phase 558 between 39 ka and today. A comprehensive analysis of a cave system gives much more meaningful results than the analysis of single points and structures in a basically open system. The present study was made possible by of the volunteer mapping efforts of generations of speleologists

    Creating Circumstances for an Institutional Pedagogy: Notes on Tracings Out of Thin

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    Evolution de la profession de bibliothécaire: approche socio-historique

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    Ce travail a pour but de traiter de la profession de bibliothĂ©caire Ă  travers les siĂšcles, de sa crĂ©ation Ă  la pĂ©riode actuelle, selon une approche sociohistorique. Un repĂ©rage des changements, des Ă©volutions technologiques ainsi que des constantes sera effectuĂ© afin de permettre au lecteur de se faire une opinion sur l’histoire de la profession ainsi que des Ă©vĂ©nements qui, au cours des siĂšcles, ont fait de cette derniĂšre celle que nous connaissons actuellement. Ce dĂ©veloppement va finalement mener Ă  se poser la question de savoir si la profession de « bibliothĂ©caire » va survivre et si oui, quelles seront les formes sous lesquelles cette derniĂšre va ĂȘtre exercĂ©e

    Prevalence of symptomatic and silent stress-induced perfusion defects in diabetic patients with suspected coronary artery disease referred for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy

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    Purpose: Silent myocardial ischaemia—as evaluated by stress-induced perfusion defects on myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) in patients without a history of chest pain—is frequent in diabetes and is associated with increased rates of cardiovascular events. Its prevalence has been determined in asymptomatic diabetic patients, but remains largely unknown in diabetic patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) in the clinical setting. In this study we therefore sought (a) to determine the prevalence of symptomatic and silent perfusion defects in diabetic patients with suspected CAD and (b) to characterise the eventual predictors of abnormal perfusion. Methods: The patient population comprised 133 consecutive diabetic patients with suspected CAD who had been referred for MPS. Studies were performed with exercise (41%) or pharmacological stress testing (1-day protocol, 99mTc-sestamibi, 201Tl or both). We used semi-quantitative analysis (20-segment polar maps) to derive the summed stress score (SSS) and the summed difference score (SDS). Results: Abnormal MPS (SSS≄4) was observed in 49 (37%) patients (SSS=4.9±8.4, SDS=2.4±4.7), reversible perfusion defects (SDS≄2) in 40 (30%) patients [SSS=13.3±10.9; SDS=8.0±5.6; 20% moderate to severe (SDS>4), 7% multivessel] and fixed defects in 21 (16%) patients. Results were comparable between patients with and patients without a history of chest pain. Of 75 patients without a history of chest pain, 23 (31%, 95% CI=21-42%) presented reversible defects (SSS=13.9±11.3; SDS=7.4±1.2), indicative of silent ischaemia. Reversible defects were associated with inducible ST segment depression during MPS stress [odds ratio (OR)=3.2, p<0.01). Fixed defects were associated with erectile dysfunction in males (OR=3.7, p=0.02) and lower aspirin use (OR=0.25, p=0.02). Conclusion: Silent stress-induced perfusion defects occurred in 31% of the patients, a rate similar to that in patients with a history of chest pain. MPS could identify these patients with a potentially increased risk of cardiovascular event

    Cave and Karst evolution in the Alps and their relation to paleoclimate and paleotopography

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    Progress in the understanding of cave genesis processes, as well as the intensive research carried out in the Alps during the last decades, permit to summarize the latest knowledge about Alpine caves. The phreatic parts of cave systems develop close to the karst water table, which depends on the spring position, which in turn is generally related to the valley bottom. Thus, caves are directly linked with the geomorphic evolution of the surface and reflect valley deepening. The sediments deposited in the caves help to reconstruct the morphologic succession and the paleoclimatic evolution. Moreover, they are the only means to date the caves and thus the landscape evolution. Caves appear as soon as there is an emersion of limestone from the sea and a water table gradient. Mesozoic and early tertiary paleokarsts within the alpine range prove of these ancient emersions. Hydrothermal karst seems to be more widespread than previously presumed. This is mostly due to the fact that usually, hydrothermal caves are later reused (and reshaped) by meteoric waters

    Guelb el Ahmar (Bathonian, Anoual Syncline, eastern Morocco): First continental flora and fauna including mammals from the Middle Jurassic of Africa

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    We report the discovery in Mesozoic continental “red beds” of Anoual Syncline, Morocco, of the new Guelb el Ahmar (GEA) fossiliferous sites in the Bathonian Anoual Formation. They produced one of the richest continental biotic assemblages from the Jurassic of Gondwana, including plants, invertebrates and vertebrates. Both the sedimentological facies and the biotic assemblage indicate a lacustrine depositional environment. The flora is represented by tree trunks (three families), pollen (13 species, five major clades) and charophytes. It suggests local forests and humid (non-arid) conditions. The vertebrate fauna is dominated by microvertebrates recovered by screening–washing. It is rich and diverse, with at least 29 species of all major groups (osteichthyans, lissamphibians, chelonians, diapsids, mammals), except chondrichthyans. It includes the first mammals discovered in the Middle Jurassic of Arabo-Africa. The GEA sites yielded some of the earliest known representatives of osteoglossiform fishes, albanerpetontid and caudate amphibians, squamates (scincomorphans, anguimorphan), cladotherian mammals, and likely choristoderes. The choristoderes, if confirmed, are the first found in Gondwana, the albanerpetontid and caudatan amphibians are among the very few known in Gondwana, and the anguimorph lizard is the first known from the Mesozoic of Gondwana. Mammals (Amphitheriida, cf. Dryolestida) remain poorly known, but are the earliest cladotherians known in Gondwana. The GEA biotic assemblage is characterized by the presence of Pangean and Laurasian (especially European) taxa, and quasi absence of Gondwanan taxa. The paleobiogeographical analysis suggests either a major fossil bias in Gondwana during the Middle Jurassic, and an overall vicariant Pangean context for the GEA assemblage, or alternatively, noticeable Laurasian (European) affinities and North-South dispersals. The close resemblance between the Bathonian faunas of GEA and Britain is remarkable, even in a Pangean context. The similarity between the local Anoual Syncline Guelb el Ahmar and Ksar Metlili faunas raises questions on the ?Berriasian age of the latter

    The Braincase of the Basal Sauropod Dinosaur Spinophorosaurus and 3D Reconstructions of the Cranial Endocast and Inner Ear

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    Background: Sauropod dinosaurs were the largest animals ever to walk on land, and, as a result, the evolution of their remarkable adaptations has been of great interest. The braincase is of particular interest because it houses the brain and inner ear. However, only a few studies of these structures in sauropods are available to date. Because of the phylogenetic position of Spinophorosaurus nigerensis as a basal eusauropod, the braincase has the potential to provide key evidence on the evolutionary transition relative to other dinosaurs. Methodology/Principal Findings: The only known braincase of Spinophorosaurus (‘Argiles de l'Irhazer’, Irhazer Group; Agadez region, Niger) differs significantly from those of the Jurassic sauropods examined, except potentially for Atlasaurus imelakei (Tilougguit Formation, Morocco). The basisphenoids of Spinophorosaurus and Atlasaurus bear basipterygoid processes that are comparable in being directed strongly caudally. The Spinophorosaurus specimen was CT scanned, and 3D renderings of the cranial endocast and inner-ear system were generated. The endocast resembles that of most other sauropods in having well-marked pontine and cerebral flexures, a large and oblong pituitary fossa, and in having the brain structure obscured by the former existence of relatively thick meninges and dural venous sinuses. The labyrinth is characterized by long and proportionally slender semicircular canals. This condition recalls, in particular, that of the basal non-sauropod sauropodomorph Massospondylus and the basal titanosauriform Giraffatitan. Conclusions/Significance: Spinophorosaurus has a moderately derived paleoneuroanatomical pattern. In contrast to what might be expected early within a lineage leading to plant-eating graviportal quadrupeds, Spinophorosaurus and other (but not all) sauropodomorphs show no reduction of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear. This character-state is possibly a primitive retention in Spinophorosaurus, but due the scarcity of data it remains unclear whether it is also the case in the various later sauropods in which it is present or whether it has developed homoplastically in these taxa. Any interpretations remain tentative pending the more comprehensive quantitative analysis underway, but the size and morphology of the labyrinth of sauropodomorphs may be related to neck length and mobility, among other factors.The sojourns of Dr. Knoll in the Museum fĂŒr Naturkunde (Berlin) were partly funded by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through a sponsorship of renewed research stay in Germany and by the European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 “Capacities” Program through a Synthesys grant (http://www.synthesys.info/). Dr. Knoll is currently supported by the RamĂłn y Cajal Program. This is a contribution to the research project CGL2009-12143, from the Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciĂłn (Madrid), conducted by Dr. Knoll (PI), Dr. Witmer, and Dr. Schwarz-Wings. Dr. Witmer and Dr. Ridgely acknowledge funding support from the United States National Science Foundation (IBN-9601174, IBN-0343744, IOB-0517257) and the Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine. The Ohio Supercomputing Center also provided support.Peer reviewe

    Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Tehuelchesaurus benitezii (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic of Patagonia

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    The diversification and early evolution of neosauropod dinosaurs is mainly recorded from the Upper Jurassic of North America, Europe, and Africa. Our understanding of this evolutionary stage is far from complete, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. A partial skeleton of a large sauropod from the Upper Jurassic Cañadón Calcåreo Formation of Patagonia was originally described as a 'cetiosaurid' under the name Tehuelchesaurus benitezii. The specimen is here redescribed in detail and the evidence presented indicates that this taxon is indeed a neosauropod, thus representing one of the oldest records of this clade in South America. A complete preparation of the type specimen and detailed analysis of its osteology revealed a great number of features of phylogenetic significance, such as fully opisthocoelous dorsal vertebrae, the persistence of true pleurocoels up to the first sacral vertebra, associated with large camerae in the centrum and supraneural camerae, and an elaborate neural arch lamination, including two apomorphic laminae in the infradiapophyseal fossa. The phylogenetic relationships of this taxon are tested through an extensive cladistic analysis that recovers Tehuelchesaurus as a non-titanosauriform camarasauromorph, deeply nested within Neosauropoda. Camarasauromorph sauropods were widely distributed in the Late Jurassic, indicating a rapid evolution and diversification of the group. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London.Fil: Carballido, José Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio; ArgentinaFil: Rauhut, Oliver Walter Mischa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio; Argentina. Ludwig-Maximilians-University; AlemaniaFil: Pol, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio; ArgentinaFil: Salgado, Leonardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin
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