ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СТІЙКОСТІ РОБОТИ ОДНОРАНГОВИХ БЕЗПРОВОДОВИХ МЕРЕЖ ІЗ САМООРГАНІЗАЦІЄЮ

На сьогоднішній день з’явилася необхідність у розробці дієвих протоколів обміну даними та пристроїв, що будуть цей обмін забезпечувати, оскільки стандартні протоколи, що використовуються у традиційних мережах не можуть в повній мірі задовольнити потреб нового типу мереж. У статті описано процес розробки та реалізації натурної моделі стійкої до завад та розривів сенсорної мережі. Стійкість даної мережі досягається шляхом побудови розподіленої мережі, в якій всі вузли передають повідомлення всім доступним вузлам. Безпроводові мобільні однорангові мережі (MANET) можуть автоматично конфігуруватися, тому вузли в ній можуть вільно переміщатися. Безпроводові мережі не мають складнощів налаштування інфраструктури та управління, що дозволяє пристроям створювати і приєднуватися до мереж «на льоту» — в будь-якому місці, в будь-який час. У даній роботі розглянуто теоретичну частину функціонування подібних мереж та галузі їх використання. Після цього проведено початковий аналіз доступного обладнання, що використовується для побудови подібних апаратних рішень. Детально розглянуто програмне забезпечення для розробки таких рішень, а також наведено приклади готових моделей, що реалізують досліджуваний функціонал. Після цього зібрано декілька варіантів натурної моделі мережевих вузлів, а також тестового приладу для створення корисного навантаження на мережу. Для цього були використані сторонні відкриті рішення у поєднанні з власними розробками. З отриманою системою проведено ряд тестів, що дали змогу зрозуміти слабкі й сильні сторони такої мережі та зробити висновки для подальшого розвитку проекту та створення вдосконаленого робочого прототипу. У статті наведено принципові електричні схеми пристроїв, список використаного обладнання та програмного забезпечення, що було використано та наведено фотоматеріали прототипів створеної системи. Дана система може бути використана в реальних умовах для утворення системи розумного дому, отримання інформації з певних IoT датчиків

Atomic Force Microscopy Study of Nano-Physiological Response of Ladybird Beetles to Photostimuli

Background: Insects are of interest not only as the most numerous and diverse group of animals but also as highly efficient bio-machines varying greatly in size. They are the main human competitors for crop, can transmit various diseases, etc. However, little study of insects with modern nanotechnology tools has been done. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we applied an atomic force microscopy (AFM) method to study stimulation of ladybird beetles with light. This method allows for measuring of the internal physiological responses of insects by recording surface oscillations in different parts of the insect at sub-nanometer amplitude level and sub-millisecond time. Specifically, we studied the sensitivity of ladybird beetles to light of different wavelengths. We demonstrated previously unknown blindness of ladybird beetles to emerald color (,500nm) light, while being able to see UV-blue and green light. Furthermore, we showed how one could study the speed of the beetle adaptation to repetitive flashing light and its relaxation back to the initial stage. Conclusions: The results show the potential of the method in studying insects. We see this research as a part of what might be a new emerging area of ‘‘nanophysiology’ ’ of insects

Live in spite of…

Throughout the history of the existence and development of civilization, man has always moved and changed the place and conditions of life. These processes are characterized by the term – "migration of man". There are a number of factors that affect migration and determine its types. These include: economic and social situations, education, family ties, conflicts and wars, natural conditions, persecution for various reasons, etc. In recent years, Europe and the world have increasingly faced migration crises caused by wars or pandemics. According to scientists, climate change, global warming and reducing the number of resources needed for life will inevitably cause migration waves in the future. Experience shows that society is often not prepared for sudden situations and do not have a sufficient set of quick decisions. This again creates a situation where a large group of people who are forced to leave or have lost their place of permanent residence, get to new places with low or critical living conditions. In the process of studying the topic and issues of temporary housing, another problem arose, which is faced not only by people who have changed their lives and moved to a new place. Often, for one reason or another, i.e. war or natural disasters, a situation arises in which the housing of a certain group of people is destroyed or uninhabitable and requires repair and restoration. In this case, people have their land secured by the necessary communications, but the damaged house forces them to look for housing options elsewhere, whether it is living in unmarked areas on its territory in unsuitable conditions, such premises become garages, cellars or warehouse buildings. The result of the work is a project of temporary modular housing, solved on the basis of an analysis of the world's professional and intuitive, folk, experience in the construction of “temporary housing”. Which meet the requirements of fast construction, cost-effectiveness, modularity and recycling. It can be used in a variety of life situations if necessary to provide temporary shelter and such offers worthy living conditions for modern man

Live in spite of…

V průběhu historie existence a rozvoje civilizace se člověk vždy pohyboval a měnil místo a taky podmínky života. Tyto procesy jsou charakterizovány termínem – „migrace člověka”. Existuje řada faktorů, které ovlivňují migraci a určují její typy. Patří sem: ekonomické a sociální situace, vzdělávání, rodinné vazby, konflikty a války, přírodní podmínky, pronásledování z různých důvodů atd. V posledních letech se Evropa a svět stále více potýkají s migračními krizemi způsobenými válkami nebo pandemií. Podle vědců, změna klimatu, globální oteplování a snižování počtu zdrojů potřebných pro život nevyhnutelně způsobí migrační vlny v budoucnu. Zkušenost ukazuje, že společnost často není připravena na náhlé situace a nemají dostatečnou sadu rychlých rozhodnutí. To znovu vytváří situaci, kdy velká skupina lidí, kteří jsou nuceni opustit nebo ztratili místo svého trvalého bydliště, dostávají se na nové místa s nízkými nebo kritickými životními podmínkami. V procesu zkoumání tématu a problematiky dočasného bydlení se objevil další problém, kterému čelí nejen lidé, kteří změnili svůj život a přestěhovali se na nové místo. Často, z toho či onoho důvodu čito válka nebo přírodní katastrofy, vzniká situace, v jejímž důsledku je bydlení určité skupiny lidí zničeno nebo neobyvatelné a vyžaduje opravu a obnovu. V tomto případě mají lidé svůj pozemek zajištěný potřebnými komunikacemi, ale poškozený dům je nutí hledat možnosti bydlení jinde, ať už se jedná o bydlení v neznačených prostorech na svém území v nevhodných podmínkách, takovými prostory se stávají garáže, sklepy nebo skladové budovy. Výsledkem práce je projekt dočasného modulárního bydlení řešeného na základě analýzy světových profesionálních a intuitivních, lidových, zkušeností ze stavby “dočasného bydlení”. Které splní požadavky rychlé výstavby, úsporností, modularity a recyklace. Může být použité v různých životních situacích v případě potřeby poskytnuti dočasného úkrytu a taký nabízí hodné životní podmínky pro moderního člověka.Throughout the history of the existence and development of civilization, man has always moved and changed the place and conditions of life. These processes are characterized by the term – "migration of man". There are a number of factors that affect migration and determine its types. These include: economic and social situations, education, family ties, conflicts and wars, natural conditions, persecution for various reasons, etc. In recent years, Europe and the world have increasingly faced migration crises caused by wars or pandemics. According to scientists, climate change, global warming and reducing the number of resources needed for life will inevitably cause migration waves in the future. Experience shows that society is often not prepared for sudden situations and do not have a sufficient set of quick decisions. This again creates a situation where a large group of people who are forced to leave or have lost their place of permanent residence, get to new places with low or critical living conditions. In the process of studying the topic and issues of temporary housing, another problem arose, which is faced not only by people who have changed their lives and moved to a new place. Often, for one reason or another, i.e. war or natural disasters, a situation arises in which the housing of a certain group of people is destroyed or uninhabitable and requires repair and restoration. In this case, people have their land secured by the necessary communications, but the damaged house forces them to look for housing options elsewhere, whether it is living in unmarked areas on its territory in unsuitable conditions, such premises become garages, cellars or warehouse buildings. The result of the work is a project of temporary modular housing, solved on the basis of an analysis of the world's professional and intuitive, folk, experience in the construction of “temporary housing”. Which meet the requirements of fast construction, cost-effectiveness, modularity and recycling. It can be used in a variety of life situations if necessary to provide temporary shelter and such offers worthy living conditions for modern man.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ БАГАТОКОЛОВИХ ПОВІТРЯНИХ ЛІНІЙ ЕЛЕКТРОПЕРЕДАВАННЯ

It was shown the necessity to improve the operational reliability of overhead transmission lines as one of the main parts of the electric power transmission system. Question considered the feasibility of using poly-circuit overhead transmission lines. Analyzed the regulatory framework governing the design and construction of poly-circuit overhead transmission lines, as well as the calculation of electric and magnetic fields. It was shown that the regulatory framework governing nonrelevant to the possibility of using poly-circuit overhead transmission lines with a vertical arrangement of the phases wires. It was substantiated the advisability of additional in-depth studies of the electric and magnetic fields distribution of poly-circuit overhead transmission lines of various designs and voltage levels. It was presented the sequence of modeling the distribution of the electric field for overhead transmission line both traditional and poly-circuit design of 110 kV. It was presented the simulation results that confirm the accounting feasibility the design of transmission towers and the spatial arrangement of wires during the calculating of electric field strength. It was shown that simulation results using will significantly improve the reliability and operational safety of poly-circuit overhead transmission lines.В статті наведено необхідність підвищення експлуатаційної надійності повітряних ліній електропередавання (далі – ПЛ) як одного з основних елементів системи передачі електричної енергії. Розглянуто питання доцільності застосування багатоколових ПЛ. Обґрунтовано доцільність додаткових поглиблених досліджень розподілення електричного та магнітного полів багатоколових ПЛ різної конструкції та класів напруги. Представлено послідовність моделювання розподілення електричного поля для ПЛ традиційної конструкції та багатоколових ПЛ напругою 110 кВ. Наведено результати моделювання, які підтверджують доцільність урахування особливостей конструкції опор та просторового розташування проводів під час розрахунку напруженості електричного поля. Показано, що використання результатів моделювання дозволить істотно підвищити надійність та безпеку експлуатації багатоколових ПЛ

Climate change and Southern Ocean ecosystems I: How changes in physical habitats directly affect marine biota

Antarctic and Southern Ocean (ASO) marine ecosystems have been changing for at least the last 30 years, including in response to increasing ocean temperatures and changes in the extent and seasonality of sea-ice; the magnitude and direction of these changes differ between regions around Antarctica that could see populations of the same species changing differently in different regions. This paper reviews current and expected changes in ASO physical habitats in response to climate change. It then reviews how these changes may impact the autecology of marine biota of this polar region: microbes, zooplankton, salps, Antarctic krill, fish, cephalopods, marine mammals, seabirds, and benthos. The general prognosis for ASO marine habitats is for an overall warming and freshening, strengthening of westerly winds, with a potential pole-ward movement of those winds and the frontal systems, and an increase in ocean eddy activity. Many habitat parameters will have regionally specific changes, particularly relating to sea-ice characteristics and seasonal dynamics. Lower trophic levels are expected to move south as the ocean conditions in which they are currently found move pole-ward. For Antarctic krill and finfish, the latitudinal breadth of their range will depend on their tolerance of warming oceans and changes to productivity. Ocean acidification is a concern not only for calcifying organisms, but also for crustaceans such as Antarctic krill; it is also likely to be the most important change in benthic habitats over the coming century. For marine mammals and birds, the expected changes primarily relate to their flexibility in moving to alternative locations for food and the energetic cost of longer or more complex foraging trips for those that are bound to breeding colonies. Few species are sufficiently well studied to make comprehensive species-specific vulnerability assessments possible. Priorities for future work are discussed

Cohort profile. the ESC-EORP chronic ischemic cardiovascular disease long-term (CICD LT) registry

The European Society of cardiology (ESC) EURObservational Research Programme (EORP) Chronic Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease registry Long Term (CICD) aims to study the clinical profile, treatment modalities and outcomes of patients diagnosed with CICD in a contemporary environment in order to assess whether these patients at high cardiovascular risk are treated according to ESC guidelines on prevention or on stable coronary disease and to determine mid and long term outcomes and their determinants in this population

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research