The dynamics of ownership and redistribution.

The objective of this dissertation is to contribute to the understanding of the interaction between ownership and efficiency when sequential decisions are taken by majority voting. The first chapter analyzes the influence of dynamic voting in the productive efficiency of a firm. Inefficiencies arise as a result of conflict in decision making concerning two decisions: technology choice and distribution of aggregate production. Two distinct constitutions are considered: employee and outside ownership. When the initial constitution turns out to be inefficient, the firm's owners can hand over control rights to efficient investors in exchange for a selling price. Constitutional change, by allowing current owners to internalize social surplus, would in principle increase efficiency. Yet constitutional change will never take place, giving rise to institutional inertia. The second chapter considers the effect of redistribution on efficiency in a the framework of a general cooperative where both the set of alternatives and the preference profile of voters is unrestricted. Efficiency is defined by a public decision, i.e. the implementation of a productive technology, as well as by a collection of individual investment decisions, i.e. employees' choice of effort. The first result provides conditions that, by restricting conflicts of interest in redistribution, ensure the existence of equilibrium in collective choice. It turns out that, provided that an equilibrium exists, the technology implemented in the firm is always Pareto efficient. This result holds even if it may lead to greater distortions in employees' choice of effort. The remaining analysis compares the direct effect of redistribution on efficiency via employees' individual investment with its indirect effect via distortions on technology choice. The last chapter investigates the effect of privatization on the efficiency of a public firm within the context of a representative democracy. Public decisions are implemented by a self-interested government selected by majority voting. Collective choice is embodied by the firm's regulation policy as well as by the tax shedule imposed on citizens. Provided privatization takes place, two polar ownership structures are analyzed: concentrated and dispersed ownership. The main result is that concentrated ownership, by favoring the participation of lobbies in the political game, may increase the efficiency of a regulated firm. This result is robust to both a hidden information model and a normal hazard approach

Perception of obstetric violence in a sample of Spanish health sciences students: A cross-sectional study

Background: Obstetric violence is a problem that has grown worldwide, and a particularly worrying one in Spain. Such violence has repercussions for women, and for the professionals who cause them. Preventing this problem seems fundamental. Objective: This study evaluated how health sciences students perceived obstetric violence. Design: A cross-sectional study conducted between October 2019 and November 2020. Participants: A sample of Spanish health sciences students studying degrees of nursing, medicine, midwifery, and psychology. Methods: A validated questionnaire was used: Perception of Obstetric Violence in Students (PercOV-S). Socio-demographic and control variables were included. A descriptive and comparative multivariate analysis was performed with the obtained data. Results: 540 questionnaires were completed with an overall mean score of 3.83 points (SD ± 0.63), with 2.83 points (SD ± 0.91) on the protocolised-visible dimension and 4.15 points (SD ± 0.67) on the non-protocolised-invisible obstetric violence dimension. Statistically significant differences were obtained for degree studied (p < 0.001), gender (p < 0.001), experience (p < 0.001), ethnic group (p < 0.001), the obstetric violence concept (p < 0.001) and academic year (p < 0.005). There were three significant multivariate models for the questionnaire's overall score and dimensions. Conclusions: Health sciences students perceived obstetric violence mainly as non-protocolised aspects while attending women. Degree studied and academic year might be related to perceived obstetric violence

Risk factors for COVID-19 mortality: The effect of convalescent plasma administration

Background: Convalescent plasma, widely utilized in viral infections that induce neutralizing antibodies, has been proposed for COVID-19, and preliminary evidence shows that it might have beneficial effect. Our objective was to determine the risk factors for 28-days mortality in patients who received convalescent plasma for COVID-19 compared to those who did not, who were admitted to hospitals in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, throughout the pandemic. Methods: This is a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of 2-month duration beginning on June 1, 2020, including unselected, consecutive adult patients with diagnosed COVID-19, admitted to 215 hospitals with pneumonia. Epidemiological and clinical variables were registered in the Provincial Hospital Bed Management System. Convalescent plasma was supplied as part of a centralized, expanded access program. Results: We analyzed 3,529 patients with pneumonia, predominantly male, aged 62±17, with arterial hypertension and diabetes as main comorbidities; 51.4% were admitted to the ward, 27.1% to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and 21.7% to the ICU with mechanical ventilation requirement (ICU-MV). 28-day mortality was 34.9%; and was 26.3%, 30.1% and 61.4% for ward, ICU and ICU-MV patients. Convalescent plasma was administered to 868 patients (24.6%); their 28-day mortality was significantly lower (25.5% vs. 38.0%, p<0.001). No major adverse effects occurred. Logistic regression analysis identified age, ICU admission with and without MV requirement, diabetes, and preexistent cardiovascular disease as independent predictors of 28-day mortality, whereas convalescent plasma administration acted as a protective factor. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the administration of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the hospital might be associated with improved outcomes.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Recurrent presence of the PLCG1 S345F mutation in nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas

This work was supported by grants from Asociación Española contra el Cancer (AECC), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) (SAF2013-47416-R), Instituto Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) – Fondos FEDER, MINECO-AES(RD012/0036/0060, PI10/00621, CP11/00018). RM is supported by the Fundación Conchita Rábago de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid (Spain). JG-R is supported by a predoctoral grant from the Fundacion Investigacion Biomedica Puerta de Hierro. Salary support to SG is provided by ISCIII-FEDER (CP11/00018). MS-B is supported by a Miguel Servet contract from ISCIII-FEDER (CP11/00018). The Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL) is partly funded by the Sociedad para el Desarrollo Regional de Cantabria (SODERCAN)

Standalone vertex finding in the ATLAS muon spectrometer

A dedicated reconstruction algorithm to find decay vertices in the ATLAS muon spectrometer is presented. The algorithm searches the region just upstream of or inside the muon spectrometer volume for multi-particle vertices that originate from the decay of particles with long decay paths. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using both a sample of simulated Higgs boson events, in which the Higgs boson decays to long-lived neutral particles that in turn decay to bbar b final states, and pp collision data at √s = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2011

Measurements of Higgs boson production and couplings in diboson final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements are presented of production properties and couplings of the recently discovered Higgs boson using the decays into boson pairs, H →γ γ, H → Z Z∗ →4l and H →W W∗ →lνlν. The results are based on the complete pp collision data sample recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 25 fb−1. Evidence for Higgs boson production through vector-boson fusion is reported. Results of combined fits probing Higgs boson couplings to fermions and bosons, as well as anomalous contributions to loop-induced production and decay modes, are presented. All measurements are consistent with expectations for the Standard Model Higgs boson

Measurement of the top quark-pair production cross section with ATLAS in pp collisions at \sqrt{s}=7\TeV

A measurement of the production cross-section for top quark pairs(\ttbar) in $pp$ collisions at \sqrt{s}=7 \TeV is presented using data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events are selected in two different topologies: single lepton (electron $e$ or muon $\mu$) with large missing transverse energy and at least four jets, and dilepton ($ee$, $\mu\mu$ or $e\mu$) with large missing transverse energy and at least two jets. In a data sample of 2.9 pb-1, 37 candidate events are observed in the single-lepton topology and 9 events in the dilepton topology. The corresponding expected backgrounds from non-\ttbar Standard Model processes are estimated using data-driven methods and determined to be $12.2 \pm 3.9$ events and $2.5 \pm 0.6$ events, respectively. The kinematic properties of the selected events are consistent with SM \ttbar production. The inclusive top quark pair production cross-section is measured to be \sigmattbar=145 \pm 31 ^{+42}_{-27} pb where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The measurement agrees with perturbative QCD calculations.Comment: 30 pages plus author list (50 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, CERN-PH number and final journal adde

Measurement of the top quark pair cross section with ATLAS in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV using final states with an electron or a muon and a hadronically decaying τ lepton

A measurement of the cross section of top quark pair production in proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is reported. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.05 fb -1. Events with an isolated electron or muon and a τ lepton decaying hadronically are used. In addition, a large missing transverse momentum and two or more energetic jets are required. At least one of the jets must be identified as originating from a b quark. The measured cross section, σtt-=186±13(stat.)±20(syst.)±7(lumi.) pb, is in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction

Hunt for new phenomena using large jet multiplicities and missing transverse momentum with ATLAS in 4.7 fb−1 of √s=7 TeV proton-proton collisions

Results are presented of a search for new particles decaying to large numbers of jets in association with missing transverse momentum, using 4.7 fb−1 of pp collision data at s√=7TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in 2011. The event selection requires missing transverse momentum, no isolated electrons or muons, and from ≥6 to ≥9 jets. No evidence is found for physics beyond the Standard Model. The results are interpreted in the context of a MSUGRA/CMSSM supersymmetric model, where, for large universal scalar mass m 0, gluino masses smaller than 840 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level, extending previously published limits. Within a simplified model containing only a gluino octet and a neutralino, gluino masses smaller than 870 GeV are similarly excluded for neutralino masses below 100 GeV

Diseño y posicionado de la prótesis inversa de hombro utilizando técnicas de simulación numérica por método de los elementos finitos y biomodelos realizados por impresión 3D

[EN] Purpose. To analyze the positioning and orientation of a reverse shoulder prostheses in the scapula, and to improve its anchorage and adaptation using numerical simulation techniques trough finite element methodology (FEM) and biomodels by 3D printing. Methods. A 3D-virtual biomodel is generated by the CT of a male patient of 70 kg and load in a 4,2 kg arm, operated with RSA. The base plate-scapula is studied by FEM software simulating the mechanical behavior, comparing the intervention against eccentricity conditions of 4 mm and lateralization of 5 mm. The tensions and deformations performed on the interface are analyzed. Results. A reduction of the mechanical stress in the base plate of 23.7% is obtained. A guide-centering device, designed using the 3D printing modeling technique, is designed. Conclusion. The FEM modeling and analysis of the patient¿s personalized shoulder morphology and 3D biomodel help optimum preoperative planning. Printing 3D guides can improve the positioning and anchoring of the RSA base plate.[ES] Objetivo. Analizar el posicionado y orientación de la prótesis inversa de hombro (PIH) en la escápula, y mejorar su anclaje y adaptación utilizando técnicas de Simulación Numérica por metodología de elementos finitos (FEM) y biomodelos realizados por impresión 3D. Métodos. Mediante la TAC de un paciente intervenido de PIH se genera un biomodelo 3D-virtual. Se estudia el conjunto placa base-escápula mediante software FEM simulando el comportamiento mecánico, comparando la intervención frente a unas condiciones de excentricidad de 4 mm y lateralización de 5mm. Se analizan las tensiones y deformaciones ejercidas. Resultados. Se obtiene una reducción de los esfuerzos mecánicos en la placa base de 23,7%. Se diseña un dispositivo de centrado-guía, elaborado mediante la técnica de impresión 3D. Conclusión. El modelado y análisis FEM de la morfología del hombro del paciente y su biomodelo 3D ayudan a una óptima planificación pre-operatoria. La impresión de guías 3D puede mejorar el posicionamiento y anclaje de la placa base de la PIH.Salvador Marín, J.; Piles-Cabo, L.; Seguí, JM.; Sanchez-Caballero, S.; Reig-Pérez, MJ.; Pla-Ferrando, R.; Ferrándiz Bou, S.... (2017). Diseño y posicionado de la prótesis inversa de hombro utilizando técnicas de simulación numérica por método de los elementos finitos y biomodelos realizados por impresión 3D. Revista Española de Cirugía Osteoarticular. 52(271):96-101. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/148361S961015227