AVALIAÇÃO DO IMPACTO AMBIENTAL CAUSADO POR CONCRETO ARMADO UTILIZADO EM PONTES: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT EVALUATION CAUSED BY REINFORCED CONCRETE USED IN BRIDGES

This paper evaluates the environmental impact caused by special structures, in this case, four reinforced concrete bridges. The main objective was to evaluate the impacts considering the production process of their structural elements of reinforced concrete. Bridges are very important infrastructure construction of cities and highways, and they are essential for economy of society. There are not many studies that present results of evaluation of environmental impacts caused by these constructions. In this context, the research was focused on the evaluation of the pre-operational phase of the object that aims to survey the consumption of materials used in the construction of the structural elements of them. A quantitative-qualitative approach was used through the OPENLCA program version 1.11.0 and the database ecoinvent35_APOS_UP_20181210 provided by Ecoinvent. The analysis of the impacts was performed only for the reinforced concrete composite. In this analysis, both steel and concrete presented significant contribution to the degradation of the environment.El presente trabajo evalúa el impacto ambiental causado por obras especiales (OE), en este caso, cuatro puentes de hormigón armado. El objetivo principal fue evaluar los impactos de ellas considerando el proceso de producción de los elementos estructurales de hormigón armado. Los puentes son obras de infraestructura de las ciudades y carreteras esenciales para la economía de la sociedad. No existen muchos estudios que presenten resultados de evaluación de los impactos ambientales causados por estas construcciones. En este contexto, la investigación se centró en la evaluación de la fase preoperativa del objeto que tiene por objeto estudiar el consumo de materiales utilizados en la construcción de elementos estructurales de estas OE. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo-cualitativo a través del programa OPENLCA versión 1.11.0 y la base de datos ecoinvent35_APOS_UP_20181210 proporcionada por Ecoinvent. El análisis de los impactos se realizó únicamente para el compuesto de hormigón armado. En este análisis, tanto el acero como el hormigón presentaron una contribución significativa a la degradación del medio ambiente. Porcentualmente, el acero destaca ligeramente, siendo responsable del 52,7% de las contribuciones computadas, mientras que el hormigón es responsable del 47,3%.O presente trabalho avalia o impacto ambiental causado por obras de arte especiais (OAE), neste caso, quatro pontes de concreto armado. O principal objetivo foi a avaliação dos impactos considerando o processo de produção de elementos estruturais de concreto armado. As pontes são obras de infraestrutura de cidades e rodovias essenciais para a economia da sociedade. Não há muitos estudos que apresentem resultados de avaliação de impactos ambientais causados por essas construções. Neste contexto, a pesquisa se ateve à avaliação da fase pré-operacional do objeto que visa levantamento dos consumos de materiais utilizados na construção dos elementos estruturais dessas OAE. Utilizou-se da abordagem quantitativa-qualitativa por meio do programa OPENLCA versão 1.11.0 e a base de dados ecoinvent35_APOS_UP_20181210 fornecida pela Ecoinvent. Foi realizada a análise dos impactos apenas para o compósito concreto armado. Nesta análise, tanto o aço quanto o concreto apresentaram contribuição significativa para a degradação do meio ambiente. Percentualmente, o aço se sobressai ligeiramente, sendo responsável por 52,7% das contribuições computadas, enquanto o concreto se responsabiliza por 47,3%

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

An indication of anisotropy in arrival directions of utra-high-energy cosmic rays through comparison to the flux pattern of extragalactic gamma-ray sources

CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFINEP - FINANCIADORA DE ESTUDOS E PROJETOSFAPERJ - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE RIO DE JANEIROFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOMCTIC - MINISTÉRIO DA CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA, INOVAÇÕES E COMUNICAÇÕESA new analysis of the data set from the Pierre Auger Observatory provides evidence for anisotropy in the arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays on an intermediate angular scale, which is indicative of excess arrivals from strong, nearby sources. The data consist of 5514 events above 20 EeV with zenith angles up to 80 degrees. recorded before 2017 April 30. Sky models have been created for two distinct populations of extragalactic gamma-ray emitters: active galactic nuclei from the second catalog of hard Fermi-LAT sources (2FHL) and starburst galaxies from a sample that was examined with Fermi-LAT. Flux-limited samples, which include all types of galaxies from the Swift-BAT and 2MASS surveys, have been investigated for comparison. The sky model of cosmic-ray density constructed using each catalog has two free parameters, the fraction of events correlating with astrophysical objects, and an angular scale characterizing the clustering of cosmic rays around extragalactic sources. A maximum-likelihood ratio test is used to evaluate the best values of these parameters and to quantify the strength of each model by contrast with isotropy. It is found that the starburst model fits the data better than the hypothesis of isotropy with a statistical significance of 4.0 sigma, the highest value of the test statistic being for energies above 39 EeV. The three alternative models are favored against isotropy with 2.7 sigma-3.2 sigma significance. The origin of the indicated deviation from isotropy is examined and prospects for more sensitive future studies are discussed.8532110CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFINEP - FINANCIADORA DE ESTUDOS E PROJETOSFAPERJ - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE RIO DE JANEIROFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOMCTIC - MINISTÉRIO DA CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA, INOVAÇÕES E COMUNICAÇÕESCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFINEP - FINANCIADORA DE ESTUDOS E PROJETOSFAPERJ - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE RIO DE JANEIROFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOMCTIC - MINISTÉRIO DA CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA, INOVAÇÕES E COMUNICAÇÕESSem informaçãoSem informaçãoSem informaçãoSem informaçãoSem informaçãoAgências de fomento estrangeiras apoiaram essa pesquisa, mais informações acesse artig

Search for new physics with dijet angular distributions in proton-proton collisions at root S = 13 TeV

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Search for narrow resonances in dilepton mass spectra in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV and combination with 8 TeV data

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Search for supersymmetry in events with photons and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at 13 TeV

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Search for leptophobic Z ' bosons decaying into four-lepton final states in proton-proton collisions at root s=8 TeV

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Search for light bosons in decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson in proton-proton collisions at root s=8 TeV

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Search for R-parity violating supersymmetry with displaced vertices in proton-proton collisions at root s=8 TeV

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