Aplicação do modelo híbrido de rotação por estações no ensino de química

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da aplicação do modelo híbrido de rotações por estações na disciplina de Química no Ensino Médio em uma escola de rede privada na cidade de João Pessoa-PB. O ensino híbrido é caracterizado pela união do ensino tradicional com o ensino on-line. Uma de suas modalidades é a rotação por estações, onde os estudantes rotacionam através das estações, sem ordem definida, com um horário fixo, na qual pelo menos uma das estações é on-line. Ao final todos os estudantes devem ter rotacionado por todas as estações propostas e adquirido os mesmos conhecimentos, independente por qual estação iniciou. Desse modo, a metodologia consistiu na elaboração de três estações para aprendizagem do conteúdo de reações de combustão, aquecimento global e efeito estufa. As estações consistiram em uma estação on-line, uma textual e uma experimental e ao final os alunos responderam um exercício de avaliação, assim como também avaliaram a metodologia proposta através de um questionário. Com relação ao exercício avaliativo dos conteúdos, a maioria dos estudantes acertou todas as questões propostas. Sobre a metodologia proposta, pode-se concluir que o modelo de rotação por estações no âmbito da disciplina de Química foi majoritariamente aceito pelos estudantes avaliados, sendo classificado como excelente/ótimo pelos participantes

Acidificação dos Oceanos: Proposta e Análise de uma Sequência Didática com Enfoque CTSA em Aulas de Química

A acidificação dos oceanos é uma grave ameaça para a vida marinha, que afeta diretamente os organismos calcificadores. Até o presente momento, há poucos relatos na literatura a respeito de trabalhos que tenham utilizado esta temática para o ensino de ciências. Neste artigo, apresentamos a análise das contribuições de uma sequência didática (SD) com enfoque CTSA (Ciência, Tecnologia, Sociedade e Ambiente), visando contextualizar conceitos relativos à química inorgânica, a partir das substâncias e reações químicas envolvidas no processo de acidificação dos oceanos. Participaram da pesquisa 31 estudantes do 1° ano do ensino médio de uma escola pública localizada no município de João Pessoa-PB. Durante a aplicação da SD, os participantes vivenciaram momentos de leitura textual, debates, aulas experimentais e atividade lúdica. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados, dois questionários foram aplicados. Os resultados evidenciaram um maior envolvimento dos estudantes com a aprendizagem por meio da contextualização dos conteúdos dentro da temática de acidificação dos oceanos, promovendo um olhar ampliado para a questão da poluição causada pelos seres humanos e os malefícios que esta causa ao ambiente marinho e à sociedade

Educação inclusiva no Ensino de Química: uma análise em periódicos nacionais

This paper presents the results of a bibliographical review of the online literature of the articles published on the theme of Inclusive Education in Sciences/Chemistry in six Brazilian journals in the field of Science/Chemistry Teaching. The digital collection consulted contains 2,472 published papers, in the temporal cut from 2006 to 2019. Only 37 articles related to the theme were found in the last ten years. The initial selection of the papers was done by reading titles and abstracts of each journal and issue, including special ones. The 37 publications that fit the theme were read in full, and were qualified, quantified and grouped into tables and percent graphs, in order to identify the periodicity of the publications, and taking into account the amount of papers over the years, the location of author’s affiliations, educational level, thematic focus and kinds of impairment considered. By means of a quanti-qualitative approach, we have verified: (i) low annual growth rate of publications; (ii) concentration of publications in Brazil’s midwestern region; (iii) prevalence of higher education students as subjects of research; (iv) teacher training as a major thematic focus, and (v) prevalence of studies on visual impairment instead of other types. The panorama outlined reveals the need for an increase in the proposal and dissemination of activities and didactic materials that help teachers at all levels of education to deal with the demands that are presented in the scope of inclusive education.El presente artículo presenta los resultados de una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura online de los artículos publicados sobre la temática Educación Inclusiva en Ciencias/Química en seis periódicos brasileños dirigidos a la Enseñanza de Ciencias/Química. El acervo digital consultado totalizó 2.472 publicaciones, entre 2006 a 2019. Solo hubo 37 publicaciones relacionadas con el tema. La selección de los artículos fue realizada a partir de la lectura de los títulos y resúmenes de cada revista y volumen publicado, incluyendo ediciones especiales. Las 37 publicaciones que se encuadran en la temática fueron leídas, calificadas, cuantificadas y agrupadas en tablas y gráficos porcentuales, a fin de identificar la periodicidad de las publicaciones y teniendo en cuenta la cantidad de artículos a lo largo de los años, la ubicación de las instituciones de origen de los autores, el nivel de enseñanza, el enfoque temático y los tipos de deficiencias consideradas. Por medio de un enfoque cuantitativo, verificamos: (i) bajo crecimiento en la tasa anual de publicaciones; (ii) concentración de publicaciones en la región centro-oeste brasileña; (iii) predominio de estudiantes de enseñanza superior como sujetos de investigación; (iv) la formación de profesores como enfoque temático mayoritario; (v) predominio de estudios sobre deficiencia visual en detrimento de otros tipos. El panorama delineado revela la necesidad de una ampliación en la proposición y divulgación de actividades y materiales didácticos que ayuden a los profesores en todos los niveles de enseñanza a lidiar con las demandas que se presentan en el ámbito de la educación inclusiva.O presente artigo apresenta os resultados de uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura online dos artigos publicados sobre a temática Educação Inclusiva em Ciências/Química em seis periódicos nacionais voltados para o Ensino de Ciências/Química. O acervo digital consultado totalizou 2.031 artigos publicados, no recorte temporal de 2006 a 2016. Foram encontradas apenas 24 publicações relacionadas ao tema nos últimos dez anos. A seleção inicial dos artigos foi realizada a partir da leitura dos títulos e resumos de cada exemplar e volume publicado, incluindo edições especiais. As 24 publicações que se enquadram na temática foram lidas na íntegra, sendo qualificadas, quantificadas e agrupadas em tabelas e gráficos percentuais, a fim de identificar a periodicidade das publicações, levando em consideração a quantidade de artigos ao longo dos anos, a localização das instituições de origem dos autores, o nível de ensino, o enfoque temático e os tipos de deficiências consideradas. Por meio de uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa, verificamos: (i) baixo crescimento na taxa anual de publicações; (ii) concentração de publicações na região centro-oeste do Brasil; (iii) predominância de estudantes do ensino superior como sujeitos de pesquisa; (iv) a formação de professores como enfoque temático majoritário e (v) predominância de estudos sobre deficiência visual em detrimento de outros tipos. O panorama delineado revela a necessidade de uma ampliação na proposição e divulgação de atividades e materiais didáticos que auxiliem os professores em todos os níveis de ensino a lidarem com as demandas que se apresentam no âmbito da educação inclusiva

Association between the use of total dental prosthesis (denture) and the type of oral health care service used by toothless elderly individuals

A reabilitação protética foi prevista pela política nacional de saúde bucal em função da alta prevalência de perda de todos os dentes e do baixo uso de prótese dentária entre idosos. Há necessidade de se avaliar o impacto dessa política de reabilitação. Portanto, objetivou-se investigar se o tipo de serviço odontológico utilizado foi um dos fatores associados ao uso de prótese dentária total entre idosos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal conduzido em uma amostra probabilística de idosos (60 anos ou mais) residentes na zona urbana de um município brasileiro de pequeno porte populacional por examinadores calibrados. Realizaram-se análises descritiva, bivariada e múltipla (Regressão logística - odds ratio - OR). Participaram 287 idosos, destes, 186 (64,8%) faziam uso de prótese dentária total. O uso de prótese dentária total foi associado a maiores chances de uso de serviços odontológicos supletivos ou particulares (OR = 4,19; p < 0,001) e a presença de lesão no palato (OR = 7,52; p = 0,002) e, também, a menores chances em idades maiores ou iguais a 73 anos (OR = 0,52; p = 0,023) e entre os com comprometimento na dimensão incapacidade física do OHIP-14 (OR = 0,20; p = 0,002). O uso de prótese dentária total foi associado ao tipo de serviço odontológico entre idosos, sendo maior o uso entre usuários dos serviços supletivos ou particulares24933453356Oral rehabilitation with dental prosthesis was mandated by national oral health policy in Brazil, due to the high prevalence of total teeth loss and low use of dental prosthesis among the elderly. There is a pressing need to assess the impact of this rehabilitation policy. An attempt was therefore made to investigate if the dental service used was one of the factors associated with the use of total dental prosthesis among the elderly. To achieve this, a cross-sectional study using a probabilistic sample of elderly (60 years and above) urban-area residents of a small city was conducted by qualified examiners. Descriptive, bivariate and multiple (logistic regression/odds ratio - OR) analyses were conducted on 287 elderly people, of which 186 (64.8%) used dental prosthesis. The use of total dental prosthesis was associated with a higher probability of being attended by private dental services (OR = 4.19; p < 0.001) and the presence of lesions on the palate (OR = 7.52; p = 0.002). Conversely, it was associated with lower probability in ages greater than or equal to 73 years (OR = 0.52; p = 0.023) and among those with impairment of OHIP-14 (OR = 0.20; p = 0.002) in the physical disability dimension. The use of total dental prosthesis was associated with the type of dental service used by the elderly, it being greater among private service user

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

Measurement of the Splitting Function in &ITpp &ITand Pb-Pb Collisions at root&ITsNN&IT=5.02 TeV

Data from heavy ion collisions suggest that the evolution of a parton shower is modified by interactions with the color charges in the dense partonic medium created in these collisions, but it is not known where in the shower evolution the modifications occur. The momentum ratio of the two leading partons, resolved as subjets, provides information about the parton shower evolution. This substructure observable, known as the splitting function, reflects the process of a parton splitting into two other partons and has been measured for jets with transverse momentum between 140 and 500 GeV, in pp and PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair. In central PbPb collisions, the splitting function indicates a more unbalanced momentum ratio, compared to peripheral PbPb and pp collisions.. The measurements are compared to various predictions from event generators and analytical calculations.Peer reviewe

Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt s = 13 TeV

Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons are measured over a broad multiplicity range, from a few particles up to about 250 reconstructed charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The results are based on data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC during runs with a special low-pileup configuration. Three analysis techniques with different degrees of dependence on simulations are used to remove the non-Bose-Einstein background from the correlation functions. All three methods give consistent results. The measured lengths of homogeneity are studied as functions of particle multiplicity as well as average pair transverse momentum and mass. The results are compared with data from both CMS and ATLAS at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV, as well as with theoretical predictions.[graphic not available: see fulltext]Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons are measured over a broad multiplicity range, from a few particles up to about 250 reconstructed charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV. The results are based on data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC during runs with a special low-pileup configuration. Three analysis techniques with different degrees of dependence on simulations are used to remove the non-Bose-Einstein background from the correlation functions. All three methods give consistent results. The measured lengths of homogeneity are studied as functions of particle multiplicity as well as average pair transverse momentum and mass. The results are compared with data from both CMS and ATLAS at $\sqrt{s} =$ 7 TeV, as well as with theoretical predictions

Search for dark matter in events with a leptoquark and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV

A search is presented for dark matter in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s= 13 TeV using events with at least one high transverse momentum (p(T)) muon, at least one high-p(T) jet, and large missing transverse momentum. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016 and 2017, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 77.4 fb(-1). In the examined scenario, a pair of scalar leptoquarks is assumed to be produced. One leptoquark decays to a muon and a jet while the other decays to dark matter and low-p(T) standard model particles. The signature for signal events would be significant missing transverse momentum from the dark matter in conjunction with a peak at the leptoquark mass in the invariant mass distribution of the highest p(T) muon and jet. The data are observed to be consistent with the background predicted by the standard model. For the first benchmark scenario considered, dark matter masses up to 500 GeV are excluded for leptoquark masses m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV, and up to 300 GeV for m(LQ) approximate to 1500 GeV. For the second benchmark scenario, dark matter masses up to 600 GeV are excluded for m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Search for an L-mu - L-tau gauge boson using Z -> 4 mu events in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search for a narrow Z' gauge boson with a mass between 5 and 70 GeV resulting from an L-mu - L-tau U (1) local gauge symmetry is reported. Theories that predict such a particle have been proposed as an explanation of various experimental discrepancies, including the lack of a dark matter signal in direct-detection experiments, tension in the measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, and reports of possible lepton flavor universality violation in B meson decays. A data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 77.3 fb(-1) recorded in 2016 and 2017 by the CMS detector at the LHC. Events containing four muons with an invariant mass near the standard model Z boson mass are analyzed, and the selection is further optimized to be sensitive to the events that may contain Z -> Z'mu mu -> 4 mu decays. The event yields are consistent with the standard model predictions. Upper limits of 10(-8)-10(-7) at 95% confidence level are set on the product of branching fractions B(Z -> Z'mu mu)B(Z' -> mu mu), depending on the Z' mass, which excludes a Z' boson coupling strength to muons above 0.004-0.3. These are the first dedicated limits on L-mu - L-tau models at the LHC and result in a significant increase in the excluded model parameter space. The results of this search may also be used to constrain the coupling strength of any light Z' gauge boson to muons. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe