Investigations into cyclic chlorofluoro compounds

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Urban Lake Shoreline Characteristic Assessment in Cuyahoga County

More than 100 mid-size inland lakes and reservoirs (greater than 2.5 acres) are located in highly urbanized Cuyahoga County. We assessed shoreline characteristics, macrophyte cover, and algal presence for 35 inland lakes within Cuyahoga County to determine whether there is a correlation between shoreline characteristics and the presence and abundance of algae and submerged plants.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2012/1043/thumbnail.jp

Urban Lake Shoreline Characteristic Assessment in Cuyahoga County

More than 100 mid-size inland lakes and reservoirs (greater than 2.5 acres) are located in highly urbanized Cuyahoga County. We assessed shoreline characteristics, macrophyte cover, and algal presence for 35 inland lakes within Cuyahoga County to determine whether there is a correlation between shoreline characteristics and the presence and abundance of algae and submerged plants.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2012/1043/thumbnail.jp

Older people’s psychological change processes: a research portfolio

Objectives. The empirical qualitative study explored Older People’s (over 65 years of age) perceptions of psychological change and the processes by which these occurred. It also aimed to add to understanding of the barriers to therapeutic change. Subsequently, a systematic review of the current literature pertaining to older people’s attachment styles, and how attachment is measured within this population, was conducted. This scrutinised the literature regarding role of attachment (as a trans-diagnostic construct) in old age, as this may influence their change processes. Design. As the empirical study was exploratory, it adopted a Grounded Theory methodology, influenced by the constructivist perspective as described in Charmaz (2014). Data was obtained via semi-structured interviews, with the later interview schedule grounded in emergent codes and memos of earlier interviews. Literature pertaining to older people, attachment, and how attachment is measured, was obtained from a systematic review. Method. Twelve participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview, following discharge from an Older Peoples Psychological Therapy Service, for the empirical project. Participants were aged 65 years or over and had received varying models of therapy over varying durations. Those reporting improvement, or no change, as a result of receiving psychological therapy, were approached to participate. Through detailed analysis, a tentative model of older people’s psychological change processes was constructed. This model was further checked by some participants for quality control. Subsequently the systematic review explored a key theme of attachment (as suggested by the categories highlighted in the empirical project). Literature regarding attachment, older people and how attachment is measured within this population, was obtained through a systematic search through major databases, compared against a checklist, constructed for this review, with all analysis prorated by qualified clinical psychologists supervising this study. Results. Interview transcriptions were analysed in line with a constructivist perspective of grounded theory. A non-linear model of psychological change, grounded in the data, was constructed. The main concepts of the model were Age as Context, Seeking Help and Entering the Therapeutic Environment, Building a Therapeutic Relationship, Developing a New Understanding, Therapeutic Changes and Post Therapy Reflections and Commitments of Continuation. In addition, some similar processes were highlighted across different therapeutic modalities, thus supporting trans-theoretical models of psychological change. In addition, the model highlighted a theme of models of relationships having continuity through the lifespan (as evidenced in the concepts of Seeking Help and Building a Therapeutic Relationship). This echoed the trans-therapeutic concept of attachment. Therefore, a systematic review of attachment in older people was conducted. Overall the quality of the literature pertaining to attachment, older people and how attachment is measured within this population was poor. There was a paucity of evidence of minimisation of bias reported in either design or analysis. Conclusions. The empirical project demonstrated the process of psychological change in older people is non-linear in nature. Some constructs of change were similar to those found in the adult literature, but there were also some constructs relating specifically to ageing, and the theoretical developmental stage of old age. This supports suggestions that age specific constructs should be held in mind when working therapeutically with older people. The systematic review found research exploring attachment in older people is a growing field of research, but one which is still in its infancy compared to other clinical populations. In addition, several studies had serious methodological issues and therefore readers are encouraged to interpret their results with caution

The Victoria Square Neighbourhood: Enhancing Resilience by Social Networking

Athens is climatically characterised by a Mediterranean climate with mild and rainy winters and warm summers. In the summer the average temperature is 35°C, with many days exceeding 40°C. Athens is often struck by heat waves, meaning at least 3 consecutive days with air temperatures above 36.5°C. Since the 1950s the number of heat waves has increased substantially: in 2007 14 days have been recorded in comparison to only 6 days in 1955 (FOUNDA and GIANNAKOPOULOS 2002, 229). Inappropriate building materials, the lack of green and open spaces as well as high volumes of traffic contribute to the increasing temperatures in Athens (FOUNDA and G IANNAKOPOULOS 2002, 229). Some places within the city are easily prone to high temperatures, which is called the urban heat island phenomenon. The urban heat islands describe “the excess warmth of the urban atmosphere and surfaces compared to the non-urbanized rural surroundings” (STATHOPOULOU and CARTALIS 2007, 358). The development of urban heat islands is influenced amongst others by construction material, vegetation, emissions, circulation and topography (STATHOPOULOU UND CARTALIS 2007; KATSOULIS UND THEOHARATOS 1985; HASSID et al. 2000). The vulnerability towards natural hazards and risks, including urban heat islands, are multidimensional: human, social, economic, institutional, urban or individual to stress as a result of social and environmental change, where stress refers to unexpected changes and disruption to livelihoods” (NEIL ADGER 1999, 249). It depends on various factors, such as the lack of social cohesion, social exclusion, poverty, gender, age, unemployment, housing condition and the access to health and medical services (CUTTER et al. 2003; NEIL ADGER 1999, SAPOUNTZAKI et al. 2015). Athens is especially vulnerable, as many residence do not have sufficient insulation and thus the buildings heat up in summer (BANK OF GREECE 2011). The Victoria Square neighbourhood is characterized by low-income households and various ethnic groupings. The transformation of the neighbourhood to a more resilient one towards heat islands, is not possible without major state and private investments. As the inhabitants have other, more dominant problems to cope with, than being bothered developing a sustainable neighbourhood, we have decided to use the already existing grouping to create a neighbourhood which is connected among each other, for example by creating neighbourhood gardens and making use of the roof tops among others. The idea is to develop a mobile phone app named ‘Greender’, which aims at encouraging people in the district to help each other. In the following, the neighbourhood will be analysed along social structures and the built environment. Then, the concept of neighbourhood networks will be explained in detail, which will then be applied to the idea of ‘Greender’

Biologically driven DOC release from peatlands during recovery from acidification

Peatlands recovering from acidification release dissolved organic carbon (DOC), but no biological role has yet been identified in this process. Here, the authors show that pH increases enhance phenol oxidase activity, pore-water DOC concentrations and lead to greater abundances in Actinobacteria and fungi