6,084 research outputs found
Hysteresis of Backflow Imprinted in Collimated Jets
We report two different types of backflow from jets by performing 2D special
relativistic hydrodynamical simulations. One is anti-parallel and
quasi-straight to the main jet (quasi-straight backflow), and the other is bent
path of the backflow (bent backflow). We find that the former appears when the
head advance speed is comparable to or higher than the local sound speed at the
hotspot while the latter appears when the head advance speed is slower than the
sound speed bat the hotspot. Bent backflow collides with the unshocked jet and
laterally squeezes the jet. At the same time, a pair of new oblique shocks are
formed at the tip of the jet and new bent fast backflows are generated via
these oblique shocks. The hysteresis of backflow collisions is thus imprinted
in the jet as a node and anti-node structure. This process also promotes
broadening of the jet cross sectional area and it also causes a decrease in the
head advance velocity. This hydrodynamic process may be tested by observations
of compact young jets.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Thermal Radiation from GRB Jets
In this study, the light curves and spectrum of the photospheric thermal
radiation from ultrarelativistic gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets are calculated
using 2D relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of jets from a collapsar. As the
jet advances, the density around the head of the jet decreases, and its Lorentz
factor reaches as high as 200 at the photosphere and 400 inside the
photosphere. For an on-axis observer, the photosphere appears concave shaped
due to the low density and high beaming factor of the jet. The luminosity
varies because of the abrupt change in the position of the photosphere due to
the internal structure of the jet. Comparing our results with GRB090902B, the
flux level of the thermal-like component is similar to our model, although the
peak energy looks a little bit higher (but still within a factor of 2). From
the comparison, we estimate that the bulk Lorentz factor of GRB090902B is
) where is the radius of the
photosphere. The spectrum for an on-axis observer is harder than that for an
off-axis observer. There is a time lag of a few seconds for high energy bands
in the light curve. This may be the reason for the delayed onset of GeV
emission seen in GRB080916C. The spectrum below the peak energy is a power law
and the index is which is softer than that of single temperature
plank distribution but still harder than that of typical value of observed one.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, revised to Ap
Contribution of Berry Curvature to Thermoelectric Effects
Within the semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory, the formula for Seebeck
coefficient is derived for an isotropic two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG)
system that exhibits anomalous Hall effect (AHE) and anomalous Nernst effect
(ANE) originating from Berry curvature on their bands. Deviation of from
the value estimated neglecting Berry curvarture is computed for a special
case of 2DEG with Zeeman and Rashba terms. The result shows that, under certain
conditions the contribution of Berry curvature to Seebeck effect could be
non-negligible. Further study is needed to clarify the effect of additional
contributions from mechanisms of AHE and ANE other than pure Berry curvature.Comment: Comments: 6 pages, SCES2013, accepted for publication in JPS Conf.
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Endotracheal Metastasis Causing Airway Obstruction
Endotracheal metastasis, a critical complication of primary lung cancer, is an extremely rare lesion. A 73-year-old woman who had previously received treatment for lung cancer presented to our emergency department with dyspnea. A chest computed tomography and nasopharyngolaryngoscopy showed an endotracheal mass below the epiglottis, obstructing the trachea almost completely. The patient had an emergency tracheostomy, and then the mass was removed via median laryngotomy. This lesion was proven to be a recurrent metastasis of lung cancer. Clinicians should recognize endotracheal metastasis as an important differential diagnosis in cancer patients presenting with respiratory symptoms
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