Diseño de un proceso de aprendizaje organizacional en una Pyme constructora basado en el modelo de gestión por competencias

El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar qué Modelo de Gestión por Competencias sería el más adecuado a esta organización de manera que le permita generar un proceso de Aprendizaje Organizacional. Se trata de una intervención profesional, donde se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a la totalidad del área de ventas de una organización dedicada a la construcción de viviendas, la cual está conformada por un total de 10 integrantes. A partir de esto, se realizó un análisis cualitativo, mediante una red conceptual, que nos permitió visualizar las competencias principales de cada puesto evaluado, y las discrepancias entre lo observado y lo requerido. En esos casos que presentaron brechas es que se determina que requiere un Plan de Capacitación. En cuanto a las conclusiones podemos decir que, de ser aplicados estos Planes de Capacitación propuestos, la organización estaría en condiciones de mejorar el desempeño individual de sus integrantes, lo que permitiría un mejor desempeño organizacional, y el comienzo del proceso de Aprendizaje Organizacional deseado. Cabe mencionar la existencia de ciertas limitaciones que presenta este Trabajo Final, principalmente que la extensión de este es solo hasta la propuesta del Plan de Capacitación, no incluyéndose la implementación efectiva de estos planes. Y, por último, el valor que se pretende lograr con este Trabajo Final es que la organización sea capaz de reconocer la importancia que tienen actualmente los recursos humanos que la integran, y cuán importante es mantenerse en constante aprendizaje, capacitando a sus integrantes y brindándoles las herramientas necesarias para que tengan un desempeño exitoso.Fil: Doliri, Alexis Micael. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Flores, María Belén. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Gil Zambrana, Fabiana Ingrid. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Torres, Aylén. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina

National Outbreak of Salmonella Serotype Saintpaul Infections: Importance of Texas Restaurant Investigations in Implicating Jalapeño Peppers

BACKGROUND: In May 2008, PulseNet detected a multistate outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Saintpaul infections. Initial investigations identified an epidemiologic association between illness and consumption of raw tomatoes, yet cases continued. In mid-June, we investigated two clusters of outbreak strain infections in Texas among patrons of Restaurant A and two establishments of Restaurant Chain B to determine the outbreak's source. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted independent case-control studies of Restaurant A and B patrons. Patients were matched to well controls by meal date. We conducted restaurant environmental investigations and traced the origin of implicated products. Forty-seven case-patients and 40 controls were enrolled in the Restaurant A study. Thirty case-patients and 31 controls were enrolled in the Restaurant Chain B study. In both studies, illness was independently associated with only one menu item, fresh salsa (Restaurant A: matched odds ratio [mOR], 37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.2-386; Restaurant B: mOR, 13; 95% CI 1.3-infinity). The only ingredient in common between the two salsas was raw jalapeño peppers. Cultures of jalapeño peppers collected from an importer that supplied Restaurant Chain B and serrano peppers and irrigation water from a Mexican farm that supplied that importer with jalapeño and serrano peppers grew the outbreak strain. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Jalapeño peppers, contaminated before arrival at the restaurants and served in uncooked fresh salsas, were the source of these infections. Our investigations, critical in understanding the broader multistate outbreak, exemplify an effective approach to investigating large foodborne outbreaks. Additional measures are needed to reduce produce contamination

Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries : a baseline analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Background In September, 2015, the UN General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs specify 17 universal goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators leading up to 2030. We provide an analysis of 33 health-related SDG indicators based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015). Methods We applied statistical methods to systematically compiled data to estimate the performance of 33 health-related SDG indicators for 188 countries from 1990 to 2015. We rescaled each indicator on a scale from 0 (worst observed value between 1990 and 2015) to 100 (best observed). Indices representing all 33 health-related SDG indicators (health-related SDG index), health-related SDG indicators included in the Millennium Development Goals (MDG index), and health-related indicators not included in the MDGs (non-MDG index) were computed as the geometric mean of the rescaled indicators by SDG target. We used spline regressions to examine the relations between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI, a summary measure based on average income per person, educational attainment, and total fertility rate) and each of the health-related SDG indicators and indices. Findings In 2015, the median health-related SDG index was 59.3 (95% uncertainty interval 56.8-61.8) and varied widely by country, ranging from 85.5 (84.2-86.5) in Iceland to 20.4 (15.4-24.9) in Central African Republic. SDI was a good predictor of the health-related SDG index (r(2) = 0.88) and the MDG index (r(2) = 0.2), whereas the non-MDG index had a weaker relation with SDI (r(2) = 0.79). Between 2000 and 2015, the health-related SDG index improved by a median of 7.9 (IQR 5.0-10.4), and gains on the MDG index (a median change of 10.0 [6.7-13.1]) exceeded that of the non-MDG index (a median change of 5.5 [2.1-8.9]). Since 2000, pronounced progress occurred for indicators such as met need with modern contraception, under-5 mortality, and neonatal mortality, as well as the indicator for universal health coverage tracer interventions. Moderate improvements were found for indicators such as HIV and tuberculosis incidence, minimal changes for hepatitis B incidence took place, and childhood overweight considerably worsened. Interpretation GBD provides an independent, comparable avenue for monitoring progress towards the health-related SDGs. Our analysis not only highlights the importance of income, education, and fertility as drivers of health improvement but also emphasises that investments in these areas alone will not be sufficient. Although considerable progress on the health-related MDG indicators has been made, these gains will need to be sustained and, in many cases, accelerated to achieve the ambitious SDG targets. The minimal improvement in or worsening of health-related indicators beyond the MDGs highlight the need for additional resources to effectively address the expanded scope of the health-related SDGs.Peer reviewe

Influence of tillage practices on soil biologically active organic matter content over a growing season under semiarid Mediterranean climate

In semiarid areas, traditional, intensive tillage has led to the depletion of soil organic matter, which has resulted in reduced soil fertility. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of different soil management systems, practised over 12 years, on soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen (SN) and biologically active organic matter [particulate organic matter (POM); potentially mineralisable nitrogen (PMN); microbial biomass (MB)]. A Mediterranean Alfisol, located in central Spain, was managed using combinations of conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) or notillage (NT), plus a cropping background of either continuous wheat (WW) or a fallow/wheat/pea/barley rotation (FW). Soil was sampled at two depths on four occasions during 2006-2007. The results showed the sampling date and the cropping background to significantly affect the SOC (p < 0.0057 and p < 0.0001 respectively). Tillage practice, however, had no effect on SOC or SN. The C-and N-POM contents were significantly influenced by the date, tillage and rotation. These variables were significantly higher under NT than CT and under WW than FW. The PMN was influenced by date, tillage and rotation, while C-MB was significantly affected by tillage (p < 0.0063), but not by rotation. The NT plots accumulated 66% C-POM, 60% N-POM, 39% PMN and 84% C-MB more than the CT plots. After more than 12 years, the benefits of conservation practices were found in the considered soil properties, mainly under no tillage. In order to obtain a consistent data set to predict soil biological status, it is necessary further study over time

Restaurant A-associated cases by date of meal (top) and diarrhea onset (bottom).

<p>Black bars represent 25 confirmed cases. Grey bars represent 22 probable cases. The exact dates of diarrhea onset are not available for 4 probable cases.</p

Consumption of selected food items by case-patients and controls by restaurant cluster. ^a

a<p>Exposures reported by at least 40 percent of case-patients are shown.</p>b<p>Adjusted for sex and age group (<10 versus ≥10 years old).</p>c<p>p-value <0.05.</p>d<p>Median unbiased estimate.</p

Restaurant B-associated cases by date of meal (top) and diarrhea onset (bottom).

<p>Solid black bars represent 16 confirmed cases with meal date-matched controls. Solid grey bars represent 5 probable cases with meal date-matched controls. The dashed black and grey bars represent 5 confirmed and 4 probable cases, respectively, that were not included in the matched analyses because they had no meal date-matched controls.</p

Cases by date of onset in multistate outbreak and dates of pepper harvest.

<p>The blue bars represent 1500 cases in the multistate outbreak of <i>Salmonella</i> Saintpaul infections reported from 43 states and the District of Columbia, and Canada; these data are modified from reference 6. The orange bar represents the period of serrano pepper harvest (April 18 through May 31) on the farm from which the outbreak strain was isolated. The green bar represents the period of jalapeño pepper harvest (April 14 through June 14) on the same farm. Jalapeño and serrano peppers might begin to wrinkle and lose quality as early as three weeks after harvest (indicated by dashed lines to the right of harvest periods), but refrigeration might extend their shelf life well beyond three weeks (FDA, personal communication).</p