Curso Sistema Político Español (formato power point)

Material elaborado en el marco del proyecto de tipo NOU-PID “Docencia adaptada a formato on line de la asignatura Sistema Político Español”, coordinado por el profesor Joaquín Martín Cubas, de las convocatorias del PID Programa de Innovación Docente de la Universitat de València (2020-21) con referencia UV-SFPIE_PID-1353413. El proyecto está enfocado a la elaboración de material y diseño de estrategias para la docencia virtual y la evaluación en línea. Entre sus objetivos se encuentra el diseño de materiales docentes innovadores y entornos de aprendizaje y evaluación en formato on line: audiovisuales, powers, enlaces, prácticas, autoevaluación y foros o webinars.Cada uno de los 22 temas en los que se ha dividido el temario de la asignatura Sistema Político Español se han depositado en abierto en el Repositorio de la Universitat de València en sus tres formatos: Texto, PowerPoint y Grabación audiovisual, siendo sus contenidos responsabilidad exclusiva de los autores firmantes de cada tema. El texto, además del desarrollo del contenido de cada tema, dispone de Bibliografía específica, Enlaces on line de interés, una Sugerencia de Práctica y un Test de autoevaluación con cinco o seis preguntas, cada una de las cuales tiene cuatro respuestas posibles de la cual solo una es correcta.Each of the 22 topics into which the syllabus of the subject Spanish Political System has been divided have been deposited openly in the Repository of the University of València in its three formats: Text, PowerPoint and Audiovisual recording, their contents being the sole responsibility of the signing authors of each topic. The text, in addition to the development of the content of each topic, it has specific Bibliography, on-line links of interest, a Practice Suggestion and a self-evaluation test with five or six questions, each of which has four possible answers from the which only one is correct

Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb−1 of √ s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT > 120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between Emiss T > 150 GeV and Emiss T > 700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presente

Spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020

[EN] Following its emergence in late 2019, the spread of SARS-CoV-21,2 has been tracked by phylogenetic analysis of viral genome sequences in unprecedented detail3,4,5. Although the virus spread globally in early 2020 before borders closed, intercontinental travel has since been greatly reduced. However, travel within Europe resumed in the summer of 2020. Here we report on a SARS-CoV-2 variant, 20E (EU1), that was identified in Spain in early summer 2020 and subsequently spread across Europe. We find no evidence that this variant has increased transmissibility, but instead demonstrate how rising incidence in Spain, resumption of travel, and lack of effective screening and containment may explain the variant’s success. Despite travel restrictions, we estimate that 20E (EU1) was introduced hundreds of times to European countries by summertime travellers, which is likely to have undermined local efforts to minimize infection with SARS-CoV-2. Our results illustrate how a variant can rapidly become dominant even in the absence of a substantial transmission advantage in favourable epidemiological settings. Genomic surveillance is critical for understanding how travel can affect transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and thus for informing future containment strategies as travel resumes.S

Measurement of single top-quark production in association with a W boson in the single-lepton channel at \sqrt{s} = 8\,\text {TeV} with the ATLAS detector

The production cross-section of a top quark in association with a W boson is measured using proton–proton collisions at \sqrt{s} = 8\,\text {TeV}. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.2\,\text {fb}^{-1}, and was collected in 2012 by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The analysis is performed in the single-lepton channel. Events are selected by requiring one isolated lepton (electron or muon) and at least three jets. A neural network is trained to separate the tW signal from the dominant t{\bar{t}} background. The cross-section is extracted from a binned profile maximum-likelihood fit to a two-dimensional discriminant built from the neural-network output and the invariant mass of the hadronically decaying W boson. The measured cross-section is \sigma _{tW} = 26 \pm 7\,\text {pb}, in good agreement with the Standard Model expectation

Performance of the upgraded PreProcessor of the ATLAS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger

The PreProcessor of the ATLAS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger prepares the analogue trigger signals sent from the ATLAS calorimeters by digitising, synchronising, and calibrating them to reconstruct transverse energy deposits, which are then used in further processing to identify event features. During the first long shutdown of the LHC from 2013 to 2014, the central components of the PreProcessor, the Multichip Modules, were replaced by upgraded versions that feature modern ADC and FPGA technology to ensure optimal performance in the high pile-up environment of LHC Run 2. This paper describes the features of the newMultichip Modules along with the improvements to the signal processing achieved.ANPCyTYerPhI, ArmeniaAustralian Research CouncilBMWFW, AustriaAustrian Science Fund (FWF)Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS)SSTC, BelarusNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaCanada Foundation for InnovationNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación ColcienciasMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic Czech Republic GovernmentCzech Republic GovernmentDNRF, DenmarkDanish Natural Science Research CouncilCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)CEA-DRF/IRFU, FranceFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)Max Planck SocietyGreek Ministry of Development-GSRTRGC and Hong Kong SAR, ChinaIsrael Science FoundationBenoziyo Center, IsraelIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceCNRST, MoroccoRCN, NorwayPortuguese Foundation for Science and TechnologyMNE/IFA, RomaniaMES of RussiaMESTD, SerbiaMSSR, SlovakiaSlovenian Research Agency - SloveniaMIZS, SloveniaSpanish GovernmentSRC, SwedenWallenberg Foundation, SwedenSNSF Geneva, SwitzerlandMinistry of Science and Technology, TaiwanMinistry of Energy & Natural Resources - TurkeyScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC)United States Department of Energy (DOE)National Science Foundation (NSF)BCKDF, CanadaCANARIE, CanadaCRC, CanadaEuropean Research Council (ERC)European Union (EU)French National Research Agency (ANR)German Research Foundation (DFG)Alexander von Humboldt FoundationGreek NSRF, GreeceBSF-NSF, IsraelGerman-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and DevelopmentLa Caixa Banking Foundation, SpainCERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, SpainPROMETEO, SpainGenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, SpainGoran Gustafssons Stiftelse, SwedenRoyal Society of LondonLeverhulme TrustNRC, CanadaCERNANID, ChileChinese Academy of SciencesMinistry of Science and Technology, ChinaSRNSFG, GeorgiaHGF, GermanyNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands GovernmentMinistry of Science and Higher Education, PolandNCN, PolandNRCKI, Russia FederationJINRDST/NRF, South AfricaSERI, Geneva, SwitzerlandCantons of Bern and Geneva, SwitzerlandCompute Canada, CanadaHorizon 2020Marie Sklodowska-Curie ActionsEuropean Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)EU-ESF, Greec

Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy of charged-particle production in Xe+Xe collisions at sNN =5.44 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper describes the measurements of flow harmonics v2-v6 in 3μb-1 of Xe+Xe collisions at sNN=5.44 TeV performed using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Measurements of the centrality, multiplicity, and pT dependence of the vn obtained using two-particle correlations and the scalar product technique are presented. The measurements are also performed using a template-fit procedure, which was developed to remove nonflow correlations in small collision systems. This nonflow removal is shown to have a significant influence on the measured vn at high pT, especially in peripheral events. Comparisons of the measured vn with measurements in Pb+Pb collisions and p+Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV are also presented. The vn values in Xe+Xe collisions are observed to be larger than those in Pb+Pb collisions for n=2, 3, and 4 in the most central events. However, with decreasing centrality or increasing harmonic order n, the vn values in Xe+Xe collisions become smaller than those in Pb+Pb collisions. The vn in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb collisions are also compared as a function of the mean number of participating nucleons, (Npart), and the measured charged-particle multiplicity in the detector. The v3 values in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb collisions are observed to be similar at the same (Npart) or multiplicity, but the other harmonics are significantly different. The ratios of the measured vn in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb collisions, as a function of centrality, are also compared to theoretical calculations

Dijet Resonance Search with Weak Supervision Using root S=13 TeV pp Collisions in the ATLAS Detector

This Letter describes a search for narrowly resonant new physics using a machine-learning anomaly detection procedure that does not rely on signal simulations for developing the analysis selection. Weakly supervised learning is used to train classifiers directly on data to enhance potential signals. The targeted topology is dijet events and the features used for machine learning are the masses of the two jets. The resulting analysis is essentially a three-dimensional search A → BC, for mA ∼ OðTeVÞ, mB; mC ∼ Oð100 GeVÞ and B, C are reconstructed as large-radius jets, without paying a penalty associated with a large trials factor in the scan of the masses of the two jets. The full run 2 ffiffi s p ¼ 13 TeV pp collision dataset of 139 fb−1 recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is used for the search. There is no significant evidence of a localized excess in the dijet invariant mass spectrum between 1.8 and 8.2 TeV. Cross-section limits for narrow-width A, B, and C particles vary with mA, mB, and mC. For example, when mA ¼ 3 TeV and mB ≳ 200 GeV, a production cross section between 1 and 5 fb is excluded at 95% confidence level, depending on mC. For certain masses, these limits are up to 10 times more sensitive than those obtained by the inclusive dijet search. These results are complementary to the dedicated searches for the case that B and C are standard model boson

Search for long-lived, massive particles in events with a displaced vertex and a muon with large impact parameter in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for long-lived particles decaying into hadrons and at least one muon is presented. The analysis selects events that pass a muon or missing-transverse-momentum trigger and contain a displaced muon track and a displaced vertex. The analyzed dataset of proton-proton collisions at √ s = 13 TeV was collected with the ATLAS detector and corresponds to 136 fb − 1. The search employs dedicated reconstruction techniques that significantly increase the sensitivity to long-lived particle decays that occur in the ATLAS inner detector. Background estimates for Standard Model processes and instrumental effects are extracted from data. The observed event yields are compatible with those expected from background processes. The results are presented as limits at 95% confidence level on model-independent cross sections for processes beyond the Standard Model, and interpreted as exclusion limits in scenarios with pair production of long-lived top squarks that decay via a small R -parity-violating coupling into a quark and a muon. Top squarks with masses up to 1.7 TeV are excluded for a lifetime of 0.1 ns, and masses below 1.3 TeV are excluded for lifetimes between 0.01 ns and 30 ns

Observation of electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair

Electroweak symmetry breaking explains the origin of the masses of elementary particles through their interactions with the Higgs field. Besides the measurements of the Higgs boson properties, the study of the scattering of massive vector bosons with spin 1 allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed. Among all processes related to vector-boson scattering, the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair is a rare and important one. Here we report the observation of this process from proton–proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. We consider two different final states originating from the decays of the Z-boson pair: one containing four charged leptons and another containing two charged leptons and two neutrinos. The hypothesis of no electroweak production is rejected with a statistical significance of 5.7σ, and the measured cross-section for electroweak production is consistent with the Standard Model prediction. In addition, we report cross-sections for inclusive production of a Z-boson pair and two jets for the two final states