Entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurship career intention : case at a Malaysian Public University

Entrepreneurship intention for graduate student like many other job and work career options depends on other considerations. Literature reviews revealed that more research works are needed in examining the determinants of entrepreneurship intentions of students. This study is to determine the relationship between student’s entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurship intention. A total of 450 self-administered questionnaires were distributed to the students of the various faculties, races and student seniority at a Public University using the convenient and structured sampling method. Finally, 413 duly completed questionnaires were returned and used in the analyses. Correlation analysis and regression analysis showed that strength of motivation in choosing entrepreneurship as a career option among the students is related with entrepreneurship intention. The entrepreneurial motivation factors affecting career intention to be an entrepreneur are made up of behavioral control, subjective norm, and attitude towards entrepreneurship. Subjective norm (tolerance for risk) and attitude (desirability) of self-employment are significantly related to both student immediate and future intentions to be an entrepreneur. However, behavioral control entrepreneurial motivation is found to be significantly related to student immediate career intention but not significantly related to student future entrepreneurship career intention. Creating of opportunity for practice of key entrepreneurial behaviors is seen as crucial in cultivating entrepreneurial behaviors. Theory of Planned Behavior Model can be used as a tool to identify would be entrepreneur and target them for entrepreneurship career development. This study argued and supported the call that those youths who are really serious to start and own a business as would be entrepreneurs can be identified and targeted to develop through entrepreneurship interventions initiative

Digital citizenship skills among undergraduate students in Malaysia: A preliminary study

The purpose of the study was to examine level of digital citizenship skills among undergraduate students at the Sultan Idris Education University, Perak, Malaysia. The study focused on three sub-variables of digital citizenship skills; online wellbeing, online learning and online safety. The paper present report from a questionnaire conducted on 1000 students from nine different faculties. Items for each variable were constructed based on literature highlights related to digital citizenship framework and through experts’ validation. A descriptive statistic was used in determined the level of digital citizenship skills among the undergraduate students. The findings of the study showed that the level of digital citizenship skills of students is at a high level. This study expected to help stakeholders to further emphasize the study of digital citizenship and digital citizenship education in Malaysia in more detail

Understanding the Motivation that Shapes Entrepreneurship Career Intention

Entrepreneurship intention for graduate students like many other job and work career options depends on other considerations. Individuals who pursue their intentions are most likely to implement their intention. Interest in entrepreneurship as career appears to be growing. Reviews show the need in investigating the determinants of entrepreneurship as a career intention of students and it has remains the focus of most of the recent studies. This is due to the facts that entrepreneurs are creating jobs and driving economic development of a nation. In this study, the Theory of Planned Behaviour is applied to investigate students’ entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurship intention. A total of 413 sets of completed questionnaire collected using the structured sampling methodology from the various faculties, races and student seniority at a University located in Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia were used in the analyses. The factors of entrepreneurial motivation affecting career entrepreneurship intention were found to be behavioural control, subjective norm, and attitude towards entrepreneurship. Behavioural control is found to be at a very good level while subjective norm and attitude towards entrepreneurship are both at a good level. Multiple regression analyses indicated that subjective norm and attitude of self-employment are both significantly related to student immediate and future entrepreneurship intentions. The behavioural control entrepreneurial motivation indicated significant relationship with student immediate career intention. However it was found that it is not related to entrepreneurship career intention. This study implies that young aspirant entrepreneur can be identified and targeted for development via the Planned Behaviour model for entrepreneurial interventions initiatives

Bagaimana Kualitas Produk, Harga dan Promosi Meningkatkan Kepuasan Pelanggan pada Industri Rokok Golden Taste 88

ABSTRACT The cigarette industry is one industry that can contribute to PAD. Increasing competition in all lines of business means that the cigarette industry must also be able to determine marketing strategies in order to survive in business. The aim of this research is to determine the impact of product quality, price and promotion on customer satisfaction among consumers who consume Golden Taste 88 cigarettes. The population in this research is consumers who use Golden Taste 88 cigarettes in Bondowoso, East Java. The number of samples was determined at 100 respondents. To answer the proposed hypothesis, multiple linear regression analysis was used. After carrying out analysis using various analytical tools, the results of this research are: the quality of Taste 88 Cigarette products has succeeded in providing increased customer satisfaction. The prices set by Taste 88 Cigarettes can increase customer satisfaction. Promotions carried out by Taste 88 cigarettes can provide customer satisfaction.   Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Product Quality; Price; Promotion

Bullying among secondary school students in Shah Alam: a study of the public perception of the causes of bully and the possible legal sanctions that can be adopted / Nurul Akmal Ibrahim ... [et al.]

School bullying is one of the major problems faced by most of the schools in Malaysia, whereby the case on bullying had increased from year to year. So far, there is no specific law or statute to punish the bullies. When bullying takes place, usually the bullies will be punished by their respective schools either by way of giving warning or detention class. Sometimes, the parents' of the bullies will be required to attend to school to discuss with the teachers about the behaviour of their child. These measures seem to be ineffective as there are still a large number of cases on bullying reported currently. In order to reduce the number of cases on bullying, effective sanction must be adopted to punish the bullies. Thus this research is conducted for the purpose of giving awareness to the public about the problem of school bullying and trying to find a solution to this matter. This study is conducted to gain the public perceptions relating to the problem of school bullying. The various opinions regarding the causes of school bullying and their suggestion on possible legal sanctions that can be adopted to punish the bullies are gathered by interviews and answering questionnaires. The causes of bullying are being asked because we believe that the solution to every problem can be found by examining the root of the problem. The opinions relating to possible legal sanctions are gathered during the field work as we believe that public opinions are very important to be taken into consideration as the school bullying is the problem relating to the community itself

The valorisation of grass waste for the green synthesis of graphene quantum dots for nonlinear optical applications

The recent years have seen an increase in efforts to develop a simple and less complex method of converting waste materials into graphene nanomaterials. Herein, we present the valorisation of grass waste for the green synthesis of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using hydrothermal technique. The efficacy of using three different precursors that had been sourced from green waste materials to produce GQDs was investigated; namely, grass waste, and grass waste-derived cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals. The resulting GQDs were characterised using UV–Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The UV–Vis analysis revealed the existence of π-π* transition of the Cdouble bondC bond of the GQDs samples while the FTIR results showed the samples contained typical functional groups; such as O–H, Cdouble bondO, and C–O. The surface functionalisation of the GQDs was further corroborated by the XPS analysis. The Raman analysis indicated that the structure of the GQDs was highly functionalised, with a more prominent D-band than G-band indicating a high ID/IG ratio. The morphological analyses, which were conducted using TEM and AFM, showed that the particles of the samples were uniform in size and circular in shape. The AFM analysis found that the thickness of the GQDs samples ranged between 0.5 and 2.6 nm, implying that the samples contained 1–3 layers of GQDs. Further analysis using the Z-scan technique indicated that the GQDs exhibited strong nonlinear refraction and nonlinear absorption which holds great promise for nonlinear integrated applications such as optical limiting, optical switching, image transmission, logic devices and mode-locked laser system, and so on

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

KARAKTERISTIK PERAWAT PELAKSANA TERHADAP KEWASPADAAN STANDAR DIRUMAH SAKIT UMUM DR. ZUBIR MAHMUD ACEH TIMUR

Pendahuluan: Kewaspadaan standar adalah kewaspadaan yang utama, dirancang untuk diterapkan secara rutin dalam perawatan seluruh pasien di Rumah sakit dan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan lainnya, baik yang telah didiagnosis, diduga terinfeksi atau kolonisasi. Perawat sebagai para medis disebuah pelayanan kesehatan dirumah sakit sebagai garda terdepan yang berintraksi langsung dengan pasien dan keluarga dalam kurun waktu 24 jam. tujuan penelitian.ujuan dalam penelitia ini adalah untuk melihat karakteristik perawat pelaksana dalam mematuhi kewaspadaan standart. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian di lakukan di Ruang Rawat inap Rumah Sakit Umum dr. Zubir Mahmud Aceh Timur yang dilakukan pada tanggal 01 s/d 07 Desember 2020. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perawat pelaksana sebanyak 116 perawat pelaksana. Berdasarkan kriteria Inklusi yang dibuat oleh peneliti maka perawat pelaksana yang dapat dijadikan sampel sebanyak 33 perawat pelaksana dengan teknik Random Sampling yang bertugas diruangan rawat inap RSU dr. Zubir Mahmud Aceh Timur. Hasil: Berdasarkan penjelasan diatas, maka peneliti dapat menjelaskan bahwa dari 33 perawat pelaksana sebanyak 69,7 % dalam rentang usai produktif dan didominasi dengan jenis kelamin perempuan, sedangkan dari keseluruhan responden terdapat 2 orang perawat yang masih perlu pembinaan dikarena memiliki sikap yang masih belum sesuai dengna kriteria yang diharapkan Simpulan: Dibutuhkan program untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, perilaku, keterampilan dan komitment perawat dalam menerapkan pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi dirumah sakit menulis kesimpulan dengan bahasa sendiri yang bertujuan untuk menjawab. Penelitian akan memlakukan penelitian selanjutnya untuk menerapkan Training Of Trainer (TOT) kepada perawat pelaksana dengan didamingi dosenKesimpulan menjawab masalah dan tujuan penelitian. Menggambar kesimpulan, demarkasi luas, dan munculnya teori baru yang mapan lebih bermakna daripada kesimpulan dangka

Ilmu peribumi dalam bidang pertanian dan pemuliharaan biodiversiti dalam kalangan masyarakat peribumi Sabah, Malaysia

Menerusi Deklarasi Rio 1992, masyarakat peribumi telah diiktiraf melalui peranannya dalam memberi sumbangan yang penting kepada pembangunan khususnya terhadap pembangunan alam sekitar yang mampan. Ilmu peribumi atau Indigenous knowledge (Ik) didapati dapat membantu memulihara sumber biodiversiti setempat. Namun persoalannya, apakah ilmu peribumi yang masih terdapat dalam kalangan penduduknya? Bagaimanakah status bagi tahap pengetahuan dan pengamalan kaum peribumi terhadap ilmu peribumi dan apakah kepentingan ilmu peribumi kepada pemuliharaan biodiversiti? Sehubungan dengan itu, kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti ilmu peribumi menerusi aktiviti di Sabah. Kajian ini juga dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti tahap pengetahuan dan tahap pengamalan peribumi Sabah mengenai ilmu peribumi yang terpilih dan seterusnya mengkaji peranan ilmu peribumi terhadap pemuliharaan biodiversiti di Sabah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan bagi tujuan merekod ilmu peribumi dalam aktiviti pertanian dan perikanan; dan menghuraikan peranan ilmu peribumi dalam pemuliharaan biodiversiti. Pendekatan kuantitatif pula adalah bagi mengukur tahap pengetahuan dan pengamalan mengenai ilmu peribumi yang dikaji. Bagi mengukur tahap pengetahuan mengenai ilmu peribumi, seramai 845 orang responden peribumi Sabah yang berumur 20 ke atas telah dipilih menggunakan persampelan mudah. Bagi mengukur tahap pengamalan mengenai ilmu peribumi, seramai 534 orang daripada 845 orang responden peribumi Sabah yang terlibat secara aktif di dalam bidang pertanian tradisional telah dipilih sebagai responden. Manakala responden temubual telah dipilih menggunakan teknik persampelan bertujuan berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Seramai 40 orang peribumi yang terlibat secara aktif, berpengalaman dan berpengetahuan luas di dalam kegiatan pertanian tradisional telah dipilih untuk ditemubual di dalam temubual berkumpulan. Manakala, seramai 7 orang individu yang berpengetahuan luas dalam sesuatu ilmu peribumi dan diakui kepakarannya oleh penduduk setempat telah dipilih untuk temubual mendalam. dan perikanan dalam kalangan masyarakat peribumi. Secara keseluruhannya, hasil kajian berjaya merekod dan mengenalpasti beberapa ilmu peribumi dalam aktiviti pertanian yang mencakupi ciri pertanian,kaedah bagi menentukan waktu dan kawasan untuk pertanian, kaedah menjaga tanaman, dan kaedah bagi pengurusan sumber pertanian. Bagi aktiviti perikanan pula pengetahuan peribumi yang berjaya di rekodkan adalah mencakupi amalan, peralatan dan kepercayaan. Hasil kajian mendapati tahap pengetahuan responden mengenai ilmu peribumi yang dikaji adalah pada tahap tinggi dengan skor 10.73. Manakala tahap pengamalan responden mengenai ilmu peribumi adalah pada tahap sederhana dengan skor 7.16. Kajian mendapati ilmu peribumi boleh berperanan dalam mengekalkan spesis tumbuhan dan hidupan sungai, memulihara sungai, dan mencegah pencemaran alam sekitar dan juga mencegah individu daripada membuat kerosakan kepada alam sekitar. Hasil kajian ini dapat membuktikan bahawa masyarakat peribumi mampu menguruskan sumber di sekeliling mereka dengan cara yang mapan melalui pengetahuan–pengetahuan yang dimiliki di dalam kegiatan pertanian dari perikanan