Muotibloggaajan metamorfooseja:elämäjulkaiseminen Anna-Kaari Hakkaraisen romaanissa Kristallipalatsi ja sosiaalista mediaa käsittelevässä suomalaisessa proosassa vuosina 2000–2017

Tiivistelmä. Sosiaalinen media on 2000-luvun alun näkyvimpiä digitalisaation ilmenemismuotoja. Sitä ei kuitenkaan ole tarkasteltu aiemmin kirjallisuustieteelliseltä kannalta suomalaisen fiktion elementtinä. Tässä kirjallisuuden sivuaineen tutkielmassa selvitetään, miten sosiaalinen media ja siihen liittyvä elämäjulkaiseminen näkyvät suomalaisessa 2000-luvun alun proosassa. Aihetta lähestytään digitalisaation ja sosiaalisen median historiaa sekä kirjallisuustieteellistä lähestymistapaa esittelemällä. Kontekstualisoiminen tapahtuu aiheeseen liittyvän kaunokirjallisuusotoksen avulla. Kaunokirjallisuuskatsauksesta edetään tarkempaan yksittäisen kokonaisteoksen erittelyyn elämäjulkaisemisteemaa silmällä pitäen. Tähän tarkoitukseen tutkielman varsinainen kohdeteos Anna-Kaari Hakkaraisen jälkirealistinen romaani Kristallipalatsi (2016) soveltuu hyvin, sillä se tarkastelee elämäjulkaisijuutta fiktion keinoin historiallisesta, (näennäis)tieteellisestä ja elämäjulkaisijayksilön osaan eläytyvästä näkökulmasta. Muun muassa moninaiset näkökulmat ja heterogeeninen henkilöasetelma edesauttavat näiden ilmiöiden tematisoitumista. Teoksen päähenkilö on koukussa tykkäyksiin ja hänen hyödyntämänsä digitaalisen diskurssin taustalla vaikuttaa kaupallinen ideologia. Tutkielman sisältämä kaunokirjallisuuskatsaus viittaa siihen, että proosan keinot imitoida digitaalisia multimodaalisia esikuviaan ovat moninaiset: kuvan, typografian, kielen ja huumorin keinoja käytetään. Katsaukseen valikoituneiden proosateosten sisältämät sosiaalisen median representaatiot ovat varsin kriittisiä. Ne sisältävät digitaalisen kulttuurin negatiivisten lieveilmiöiden kuvausta kuten kaunokirjallisuuden konfliktilähtöiseen luonteeseen usein sopiikin. Katsauksessa korostuu, että sosiaalisen median tekstit sisältävät mm. vihapuhetta, someraivoa, nais- ja muukalaisvihamielisiä kannanottoja. Kyberuhkien ja virtuaalisten identiteettien seassa operoiminen ei sekään ole sosiaalisen median käyttäjille ongelmatonta. Näin kaunokirjallisuus asettuu oppositioon suhteessa somemyönteiseen yhteiskunnalliseen retoriikkaan. Kristallipalatsin narratologinen erittely ja subtekstianalyysi paljastavat, että kirjailija Hakkaraisen luoma kaunokirjallinen kuvaus elämäjulkaisijasta on monitasoinen ja aktivoi lukijassa historiallisen tietämyksen, tieteen, humanistisen sivistyksen, kulutuskriittisyyden ja empatian näkökulmia — kaikkia niitä asioita, joita ”totuuden jälkeisestä” ajasta sanotaan puuttuvan.Abstract. Social media is one of the most prominent forms of digitization in the early twenty-first century. However, it has not been previously studied as an element in Finnish fiction from the perspective of literary studies. In this literary studies thesis I investigate how social media and related life-publishing are visible in early twenty-first century Finnish prose. The subject is approached through an examination of the history of digitization and the history of social media as well as literary studies methods. The thesis is contextualized using samples of fiction. The thesis begins with a literary review followed by a more detailed breakdown of a novel focusing on the theme of life-publishing. For this purpose, I have selected Anna-Kaari Hakkarainen’s postrealist novel Kristallipalatsi (2016) which examines life-publishing through historical and pseudo-scientific perspectives, as well as through the eyes of a life-publishing individual. The novel brings to view the ideologies and addictiveness of contemporary discourses reflected by texts in the social media. Among other things, its diverse perspectives and its heterogeneous character setting favor the thematization of these phenomena. The main character of the novel is addicted to likes and a market ideology works behind the digital discourse used by the protagonist. The literary fiction review included in this thesis demonstrates that the methods of prose for imitating its digital multimodal models are manifold: the means of image, typography, language, and humor are all used. The representations of social media found within the prose works included in the review are identifiably critical. This includes the description of the negative byproducts of digital culture which suits the conflict-based nature of fiction. The review emphasizes that social media texts contain, for example, hate speech, social media rage, misogyny, and xenophobia. In addition, operating amongst cyber threats and virtual identities is far from unproblematic for the users of social media. In this way, fiction takes a critical stance toward the social media positive rhetoric of our society. The narratological and subtext analyses of Kristallipalatsi reveal a multifaceted literary representation of a life-publisher. At the same time, it activates in the reader historical, scientific, humanistic, consumer critical, and empathic perspectives — all outlooks thought to have disappeared from the post-truth era

Search for squarks and gluinos in events with isolated leptons, jets and missing transverse momentum at s√=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for supersymmetry in final states containing at least one isolated lepton (electron or muon), jets and large missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. The search is based on proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy s√=8 TeV collected in 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb−1. No significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed. Limits are set on supersymmetric particle masses for various supersymmetric models. Depending on the model, the search excludes gluino masses up to 1.32 TeV and squark masses up to 840 GeV. Limits are also set on the parameters of a minimal universal extra dimension model, excluding a compactification radius of 1/R c = 950 GeV for a cut-off scale times radius (ΛR c) of approximately 30

Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections for Higgs boson production in the diphoton decay channel at s√=8 TeV with ATLAS

Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections are presented for Higgs boson production in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=8 TeV. The analysis is performed in the H → γγ decay channel using 20.3 fb−1 of data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The signal is extracted using a fit to the diphoton invariant mass spectrum assuming that the width of the resonance is much smaller than the experimental resolution. The signal yields are corrected for the effects of detector inefficiency and resolution. The pp → H → γγ fiducial cross section is measured to be 43.2 ±9.4(stat.) − 2.9 + 3.2 (syst.) ±1.2(lumi)fb for a Higgs boson of mass 125.4GeV decaying to two isolated photons that have transverse momentum greater than 35% and 25% of the diphoton invariant mass and each with absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.37. Four additional fiducial cross sections and two cross-section limits are presented in phase space regions that test the theoretical modelling of different Higgs boson production mechanisms, or are sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. Differential cross sections are also presented, as a function of variables related to the diphoton kinematics and the jet activity produced in the Higgs boson events. The observed spectra are statistically limited but broadly in line with the theoretical expectations

Evidence for the Higgs-boson Yukawa coupling to tau leptons with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for H → τ τ decays are presented, based on the full set of proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC during 2011 and 2012. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of 4.5 fb−1 and 20.3 fb−1 at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV respectively. All combinations of leptonic (τ → `νν¯ with ` = e, µ) and hadronic (τ → hadrons ν) tau decays are considered. An excess of events over the expected background from other Standard Model processes is found with an observed (expected) significance of 4.5 (3.4) standard deviations. This excess provides evidence for the direct coupling of the recently discovered Higgs boson to fermions. The measured signal strength, normalised to the Standard Model expectation, of µ = 1.43 +0.43 −0.37 is consistent with the predicted Yukawa coupling strength in the Standard Model

Measurement of the top pair production cross section in 8 TeV proton-proton collisions using kinematic information in the lepton plus jets final state with ATLAS

A measurement is presented of the $t\bar{t}$ inclusive production cross-section in $pp$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV using data collected by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurement was performed in the lepton+jets final state using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb$^{-1}$. The cross-section was obtained using a likelihood discriminant fit and $b$-jet identification was used to improve the signal-to-background ratio. The inclusive $t\bar{t}$ production cross-section was measured to be $260\pm 1{\textrm{(stat.)}} ^{+22}_{-23} {\textrm{(syst.)}}\pm 8{\textrm{(lumi.)}}\pm 4{\mathrm{(beam)}}$ pb assuming a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV, in good agreement with the theoretical prediction of $253^{+13}_{-15}$ pb. The $t\bar{t}\to (e,\mu)+{\mathrm{jets}}$ production cross-section in the fiducial region determined by the detector acceptance is also reported.Comment: Published version, 19 pages plus author list (35 pages total), 3 figures, 2 tables, all figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2013-06

Search for squarks and gluinos with the ATLAS detector in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum using √s=8 TeV proton-proton collision data

A search for squarks and gluinos in final states containing high-p T jets, missing transverse momentum and no electrons or muons is presented. The data were recorded in 2012 by the ATLAS experiment in s√=8 TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, with a total integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1. Results are interpreted in a variety of simplified and specific supersymmetry-breaking models assuming that R-parity is conserved and that the lightest neutralino is the lightest supersymmetric particle. An exclusion limit at the 95% confidence level on the mass of the gluino is set at 1330 GeV for a simplified model incorporating only a gluino and the lightest neutralino. For a simplified model involving the strong production of first- and second-generation squarks, squark masses below 850 GeV (440 GeV) are excluded for a massless lightest neutralino, assuming mass degenerate (single light-flavour) squarks. In mSUGRA/CMSSM models with tan β = 30, A 0 = −2m 0 and μ > 0, squarks and gluinos of equal mass are excluded for masses below 1700 GeV. Additional limits are set for non-universal Higgs mass models with gaugino mediation and for simplified models involving the pair production of gluinos, each decaying to a top squark and a top quark, with the top squark decaying to a charm quark and a neutralino. These limits extend the region of supersymmetric parameter space excluded by previous searches with the ATLAS detector

Measurement of the charge asymmetry in dileptonic Decays of top quark pairs in pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

A measurement of the top-antitop (tt) charge asymmetry is presented using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb −1 of LHC pp collisions at a centre- of-mass energy of 7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector. Events with two charged leptons, at least two jets and large missing transverse momentum are selected. Two observables are studied: A tt/C, based on the reconstructed tt final state. The asymmetries are measured to be A ll/C = 0.024 +/- 0.015 (stat.) +/- 0.009 (syst.) Att/C = 0.021 +/- 0.025 (stat.) +/- 0.017 (syst.) The measured values are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions

Search for pair-produced long-lived neutral particles decaying to jets in the ATLAS hadronic calorimeter in ppcollisions at √s=8TeV

The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN is used to search for the decay of a scalar boson to a pair of long-lived particles, neutral under the Standard Model gauge group, in 20.3fb−1of data collected in proton–proton collisions at √s=8TeV. This search is sensitive to long-lived particles that decay to Standard Model particles producing jets at the outer edge of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter or inside the hadronic calorimeter. No significant excess of events is observed. Limits are reported on the product of the scalar boson production cross section times branching ratio into long-lived neutral particles as a function of the proper lifetime of the particles. Limits are reported for boson masses from 100 GeVto 900 GeV, and a long-lived neutral particle mass from 10 GeVto 150 GeV

Search for direct pair production of the top squark in all-hadronic final states in proton-proton collisions at s√=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for direct pair production of the scalar partner to the top quark using an integrated luminosity of 20.1fb−1 of proton–proton collision data at √s = 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are reported. The top squark is assumed to decay via t˜→tχ˜01 or t˜→ bχ˜±1 →bW(∗)χ˜01 , where χ˜01 (χ˜±1 ) denotes the lightest neutralino (chargino) in supersymmetric models. The search targets a fully-hadronic final state in events with four or more jets and large missing transverse momentum. No significant excess over the Standard Model background prediction is observed, and exclusion limits are reported in terms of the top squark and neutralino masses and as a function of the branching fraction of t˜ → tχ˜01 . For a branching fraction of 100%, top squark masses in the range 270–645 GeV are excluded for χ˜01 masses below 30 GeV. For a branching fraction of 50% to either t˜ → tχ˜01 or t˜ → bχ˜±1 , and assuming the χ˜±1 mass to be twice the χ˜01 mass, top squark masses in the range 250–550 GeV are excluded for χ˜01 masses below 60 GeV

Observation and measurement of Higgs boson decays to WW∗ with the ATLAS detector

We report the observation of Higgs boson decays to WW∗ based on an excess over background of 6.1 standard deviations in the dilepton final state, where the Standard Model expectation is 5.8 standard deviations. Evidence for the vector-boson fusion (VBF) production process is obtained with a significance of 3.2 standard deviations. The results are obtained from a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 25  fb−1 from √s=7 and 8 TeV pp collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. For a Higgs boson mass of 125.36 GeV, the ratio of the measured value to the expected value of the total production cross section times branching fraction is 1.09 +0.16−0.15(stat) +0.17−0.14(syst). The corresponding ratios for the gluon fusion and vector-boson fusion production mechanisms are 1.02±0.19(stat) +0.22−0.18(syst) and 1.27 +0.44−0.40(stat) +0.30−0.21(syst), respectively. At √s=8  TeV, the total production cross sections are measured to be σ(gg→H→WW∗)=4.6±0.9(stat) +0.8−0.7(syst)  pb and σ(VBFH→WW∗)=0.51 +0.17−0.15(stat) +0.13−0.08(syst)  pb. The fiducial cross section is determined for the gluon-fusion process in exclusive final states with zero or one associated jet