219 research outputs found
CT and MRI of Hepatic Abscess in Patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease
We describe the spectrum of radiologic appearances of hepatic
abscesses in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a hereditary
immunodeficiency presenting in childhood that occurs at a rate of 1 in
200,000-250,000 live births and predisposes patients to infection with
catalase-positive organisms. CONCLUSION: Hepatic abscesses in patients with CGD
show an atypical radiologic appearance compared with sporadic hepatic abscesses,
and they are characterized by homogeneous enhancement and multiseptal
enhancement. In the appropriate clinical setting, the appearance of an enhancing
mass should suggest the possibility of a CGD-related hepatic absces
The dangers of resource myopia in work and organisational psychology: a plea for broadening and integration broadening
In this essay the limitations of the traditional quantitative approach in work and organisational psychology are put forward. It is argued that an extension of the methods, a broadening of the type of problems to be addressed, and a stronger integration with associated disciplines as well as with the application and implementation of the research findings are needed to ensure the usefulness and application of future W&O psychology. It is not suggested that micro-level problems should not be investigated, but it is postulated that W&O psychology should not be deprived of the opportunity to tackle other, and often more relevant, meso-and macro-level issues because we lack appropriate tools for attacking them
Counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses to hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes or without diabetes: the Hypo-RESOLVE hypoglycaemic clamp study
Aim
The sympathetic nervous and hormonal counterregulatory responses to hypoglycaemia differ between people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and may change along the course of diabetes, but have not been directly compared. We aimed to compare counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses to hypoglycaemia between people with type 1 diabetes, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and controls without diabetes, using a standardised hyperinsulinaemic-hypoglycaemic clamp.
Materials
We included 47 people with type 1 diabetes, 15 with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, and 32 controls without diabetes. Controls were matched according to age and sex to the people with type 1 diabetes or with type 2 diabetes. All participants underwent a hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic-(5.2 ± 0.4 mmol/L)-hypoglycaemic-(2.8 ± 0.13 mmol/L)-clamp.
Results
The glucagon response was lower in people with type 1 diabetes (9.4 ± 0.8 pmol/L, 8.0 [7.0–10.0]) compared to type 2 diabetes (23.7 ± 3.7 pmol/L, 18.0 [12.0–28.0], p < 0.001) and controls (30.6 ± 4.7, 25.5 [17.8–35.8] pmol/L, p < 0.001). The adrenaline response was lower in type 1 diabetes (1.7 ± 0.2, 1.6 [1.3–5.2] nmol/L) compared to type 2 diabetes (3.4 ± 0.7, 2.6 [1.3–5.2] nmol/L, p = 0.001) and controls (2.7 ± 0.4, 2.8 [1.4–3.9] nmol/L, p = 0.012). Growth hormone was lower in people with type 2 diabetes than in type 1 diabetes, at baseline (3.4 ± 1.6 vs 7.7 ± 1.3 mU/L, p = 0.042) and during hypoglycaemia (24.7 ± 7.1 vs 62.4 ± 5.8 mU/L, p = 0.001). People with 1 diabetes had lower overall symptom responses than people with type 2 diabetes (45.3 ± 2.7 vs 58.7 ± 6.4, p = 0.018), driven by a lower neuroglycopenic score (27.4 ± 1.8 vs 36.7 ± 4.2, p = 0.012).
Conclusion
Acute counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses to experimental hypoglycaemia are lower in people with type 1 diabetes than in those with long-standing insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and controls
Glycaemic thresholds for counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses to hypoglycaemia in people with and without type 1 diabetes: a systematic review
Aim/hypothesis
The physiological counterregulatory response to hypoglycaemia is reported to be organised hierarchically, with hormone responses usually preceding symptomatic awareness and autonomic responses preceding neuroglycopenic responses. To compare thresholds for activation of these responses more accurately between people with or without type 1 diabetes, we performed a systematic review on stepped hyperinsulinaemic–hypoglycaemic glucose clamps.
Methods
A literature search in PubMed and EMBASE was conducted. We included articles published between 1980 and 2018 involving hyperinsulinaemic stepped hypoglycaemic glucose clamps among people with or without type 1 diabetes. Key exclusion criteria were as follows: data were previously published; other patient population; a clamp not the primary intervention; and an inadequate clamp description. Glycaemic thresholds for counterregulatory hormone and/or symptom responses to hypoglycaemia were estimated and compared using generalised logrank test for interval-censored data, where the intervals were either extracted directly or calculated from the data provided by the study. A glycaemic threshold was defined as the glucose level at which the response exceeded the 95% CI of the mean baseline measurement or euglycaemic control clamp. Because of the use of interval-censored data, we described thresholds using median and IQR.
Results
A total of 63 articles were included, whereof 37 papers included participants with type 1 diabetes (n=559; 67.4% male sex, aged 32.7±10.2 years, BMI 23.8±1.4 kg/m2) and 51 papers included participants without diabetes (n=733; 72.4% male sex, aged 31.1±9.2 years, BMI 23.6±1.1 kg/m2). Compared with non-diabetic control individuals, in people with type 1 diabetes, the median (IQR) glycaemic thresholds for adrenaline (3.8 [3.2–4.2] vs 3.4 [2.8–3.9 mmol/l]), noradrenaline (3.2 [3.2–3.7] vs 3.0 [2.8–3.1] mmol/l), cortisol (3.5 [3.2–4.2]) vs 2.8 [2.8–3.4] mmol/l) and growth hormone (3.8 [3.3–3.8] vs. 3.2 [3.0–3.3] mmol/l) all occurred at lower glucose levels in people with diabetes than in those without diabetes (all p≤0.01). Similarly, although both autonomic (median [IQR] 3.4 [3.4–3.4] vs 3.0 [2.8–3.4] mmol/l) and neuroglycopenic (median [IQR] 3.4 [2.8–N/A] vs 3.0 [3.0–3.1] mmol/l) symptom responses were elicited at lower glucose levels in people with type 1 diabetes, the thresholds for autonomic and neuroglycopenic symptoms did not differ for each individual subgroup.
Conclusions/interpretation
People with type 1 diabetes have glycaemic thresholds for counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses at lower glucose levels than people without diabetes. Autonomic and neuroglycopenic symptoms responses are generated at about similar levels of hypoglycaemia. There was a considerable variation in the methodology of the articles and the high insulin doses in most of the clamps may affect the counterregulatory responses.
Funding
This article has received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement no. 777460.
Registration
This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019120083)
Evidence for SU(3) symmetry breaking from hyperon production
We examine the SU(3) symmetry breaking in hyperon semileptonic decays (HSD)
by considering two typical sets of quark contributions to the spin content of
the octet baryons: Set-1 with SU(3) flavor symmetry and Set-2 with SU(3) flavor
symmetry breaking in HSD. The quark distributions of the octet baryons are
calculated with a successful statistical model. Using an approximate relation
between the quark fragmentation functions and the quark distributions, we
predict polarizations of the octet baryons produced in annihilation
and semi-inclusive deeply lepton-nucleon scattering in order to reveal the
SU(3) symmetry breaking effect on the spin structure of the octet baryons. We
find that the SU(3) symmetry breaking significantly affects the hyperon
polarization. The available experimental data on the polarization
seem to favor the theoretical predictions with SU(3) symmetry breaking. We
conclude that there is a possibility to get a collateral evidence for SU(3)
symmetry breaking from hyperon production. The theoretical errors for our
predictions are discussed.Comment: 3 tables, 14 figure
Hepatic abnormalities in patients with chronic granulomatous disease
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare congenital disorder characterized
by repeated bacterial and fungal infections. Aside from a high incidence of liver
abscess, little is known about hepatic involvement in CGD. The aim of this study
was to describe the spectrum of liver abnormalities seen in CGD. The charts of
194 patients with CGD followed at the NIH were reviewed, with a focus on liver
abnormalities. Liver enzyme elevations occurred on at least one occasion in 73%
of patients during a mean of 8.9 years of follow-up. ALT elevations were
generally transient. Although transient alkaline phosphatase (ALP) elevations
were also common, persistent ALP elevations lasting up to 17.6 years were seen in
25% of patients. Liver abscess occurred in 35% of patients. Drug-induced
hepatotoxicity was documented in 15% of patients but likely occurred more
frequently. Hepatomegaly was found in 34% and splenomegaly in 56% of patients.
Liver histology showed granulomata in 75% and lobular hepatitis in 90% of
specimens. Venopathy of the portal vein was common (80%) and associated with
splenomegaly. Venopathy of the central vein was also common (63%) and was
associated with the number of abscess episodes. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia
(NRH) was seen in 9 patients, including 6 of 12 autopsy specimens. CONCLUSION:
Liver enzyme abnormalities occur frequently in patients with CGD. In addition to
liver abscesses and granulomata, drug hepatotoxicity is likely underappreciated.
Vascular lesions such as venopathy and--to a lesser extent--NRH are common. The
cause and clinical consequences of venopathy await prospective evaluation
From Spectroscopy to the Strong Coupling Constant with Heavy Wilson Quarks
In this work we present lattice calculations of the masses of P-wave mesons
using Monte Carlo simulations. Our valence fermions are defined by the Wilson
action. Our gauge fields are generated with both dynamical staggered fermions
at a lattice coupling for sea quark masses of
and 0.025, and in the quenched approximation at . We
present results for charm and charmonium spectroscopy and use them to compute
the strong coupling constant . We compare our results to those of
other recent lattice calculations and experiments.Comment: 45 pages, uuencoded compressed PostScript fil
Uptake and distribution of N, P and heavy metals in three dominant salt marsh macrophytes from Yangtze River estuary, China
Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results
Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC
provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of
lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with
a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the
transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the
anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the
nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of
the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp.
Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in
the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies
smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating
nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and
transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of
inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous
measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables,
submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are
available at
http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02
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