Teachers’ beliefs concerning teaching multilingual learners: a cross-cultural comparison between the US and Germany

We analysed the beliefs about multilingualism in school of in-service teachers from the US (n = 60) and Germany (n = 65), utilising a survey originally developed in German that was translated and adapted into English. Results show that teachers from both samples, on average, strongly agree that a person’s identity is connected to their language and culture. However, we found significant differences in scale mean values between US teachers and German teachers concerning their beliefs about (1) the interconnected nature of language with culture and identity, (2) language demand in content classrooms, (3) responsibility for language teaching, and (4) valuing multilingualism. Our results provide insight into cross-cultural differences between German and US teachers’ beliefs, as well as a strong instrument in two languages to measure teachers’ beliefs about multilingualism in schools

Developing a complex portrait of content teaching for multilingual learners via nonlinear theoretical understandings

Utilizing a complex theory of teacher learning and practice, this chapter analyzes ~120 empirical studies of content teacher development (both pre- and inservice) for working with multilingual learners as well as research on content teaching for multilingual students. Our analysis identified three dimensions of quality content teaching for multilingual learners that are complex and intricately connected: context, orientations and pedagogy. This chapter explores the results of our literature analysis and argues for improving content teaching for multilingual students through improved theoretically grounded research that embraces, explores and accounts for the expansive complexities inherent in teacher learning and practice

Quality content teaching for multilingual students: An international examination of excellence in instructional practices in four countries

Observations of Pedagogical Excellence of Teaching Across Nations (OPETAN) is a mixed methods observation study of 31 content teachers, most nominated for their excellence in teaching multilingual students in Germany, Finland, the US, and England. The study relied on an observation rubric that operationalizes seven Enduring Principles of Learning grounded in critical sociocultural theory and pedagogy. Findings revealed excellent teachers emphasize complex thinking, language use, and modeling. Teacher use of small groups, contextualization, and equity-focused practices were areas of potential growth. International research holds promise for understanding and improving K-12 content teaching and teacher education for teachers of multilingual learners

Further education course »German as a Second Language and Multilingualism« at the University of Paderborn

Eine Facette von Vielfalt im schulischen Kontext und damit einen Aspekt von Inklusion stellt migrationsbedingte Mehrsprachigkeit dar. Die weit verbreitete Diskussion um Deutsch als Zweitsprache und durchgängige Sprachbildung kann daher als Teil der Diskussion um Inklusion betrachtet werden und hat wie diese eine hohe Relevanz für Lehrkräfte.One of the aspects of diversity in the context of school and education and therefore a facet of inclusion is migration-related multilingualism. That is the reason why the professionalization of well-qualified teachers in the field of teaching multilingual learners is more important than ever

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu, Dukungan Keluarga dan Peran Tenaga Kesehatan terhadap Pemberian Inisiasi Menyusu Dini di Puskesmas Banjar Serasan Kecamatan Pontianak Timur Tahun 2013

Latar belakang: Inisiasi menyusu dini (IMD) adalah proses bayi menyususendiri segera setelah lahir dimana bayi dibiarkan mencari puting susuibunya sendiri selama 1 jam pertama kelahirannya. Puskesmas BanjarSerasan merupakan puskesmas dengan angka pemberian IMD terendahdi Kota Pontianak dengan angka pemberian IMD hanya sebesar 17,94%.Beberapa faktor yang dicurigai mempengaruhi pemberian IMD adalahpengetahuan ibu, dukungan keluarga dan peran tenaga kesehatan.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu, dukungankeluarga dan peran tenaga kesehatan dengan pemberian IMD.Metodologi: Penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional.Penelitian ini dilakukan selama bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2013.Subjek penelitian adalah ibu post partum yang terdata di PuskesmasBanjar Serasan yang memenuhi kriteria sampel. Total sampel sebanyak48 responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan diambildengan metode purposive sampling. Analisis data dengan teknik chisquare. Hasil: Sebanyak 75% responden dengan umur20 - 35 tahun, 50% responden dengan pendidikan menengah, 75%responden dengan multipara, 60,42% responden memiliki pengetahuanbaik, 56,25% responden dengan dukungan keluarga baik, 50% respondendengan peran tenaga kesehatan baik dan 64,5% responden memberikanIMD. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara peran tenaga kesehatandengan pemberian IMD (p=0,007). Tidak terdapat hubungan bermaknaantara umur (p=0,056), tingkat pendidikan (p=0,547) dan paritas (p=0,732)dengan pengetahuan responden. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermaknaantara pengetahuan responden (p=0,867) dan dukungan keluarga(p=0,342) dengan pemberian IMD. Kesimpulan: Peran tenaga kesehatanmemiliki hubungan bermakna dengan pemberian IMD. Pengetahuan ibudan dukungan keluarga tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna denganpemberian IMD. Kata kunci: IMD, pengetahuan ibu, dukungan keluarga, peran tenagakesehatan.1. Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran UniversitasTanjungpura, Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat. 2. Departermen Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran UniversitasTanjungpura, Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat. 3. Departemen Histologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tanjungpura,Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat

Population size of Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus wintering in Iceland

The first ever survey of Oystercatchers wintering in Iceland found around 11 000 individuals. This is an estimated 30% of the Icelandic population, including juveniles, suggesting that approximately 26 000 Icelandic Oystercatchers migrate to western Europe in the autumn. More Oystercatchers winter in Iceland than at similar latitudes elsewhere in Europe, which may reflect the remoteness and milder winter temperatures on this oceanic island

Linsitinib, an IGF-1R inhibitor, attenuates disease development and progression in a model of thyroid eye disease

IntroductionGraves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder caused by autoantibodies against the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) leading to overstimulation of the thyroid gland. Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common extra thyroidal manifestation of GD. Therapeutic options to treat TED are very limited and novel treatments need to be developed. In the present study we investigated the effect of linsitinib, a dual small-molecule kinase inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and the Insulin receptor (IR) on the disease outcome of GD and TED.MethodsLinsitinib was administered orally for four weeks with therapy initiating in either the early (“active”) or the late (“chronic”) phases of the disease. In the thyroid and the orbit, autoimmune hyperthyroidism and orbitopathy were analyzed serologically (total anti-TSHR binding antibodies, stimulating anti TSHR antibodies, total T4 levels), immunohistochemically (H&E-, CD3-, TNFa- and Sirius red staining) and with immunofluorescence (F4/80 staining). An MRI was performed to quantify in vivo tissue remodeling inside the orbit.ResultsLinsitinib prevented autoimmune hyperthyroidism in the early state of the disease, by reducing morphological changes indicative for hyperthyroidism and blocking T-cell infiltration, visualized by CD3 staining. In the late state of the disease linsitinib had its main effect in the orbit. Linsitinib reduced immune infiltration of T-cells (CD3 staining) and macrophages (F4/80 and TNFa staining) in the orbita in experimental GD suggesting an additional, direct effect of linsitinib on the autoimmune response. In addition, treatment with linsitinib normalized the amount of brown adipose tissue in both the early and late group. An in vivo MRI of the late group was performed and revealed a marked decrease of inflammation, visualized by 19F MR imaging, significant reduction of existing muscle edema and formation of brown adipose tissue.ConclusionHere, we demonstrate that linsitinib effectively prevents development and progression of thyroid eye disease in an experimental murine model for Graves’ disease. Linsitinib improved the total disease outcome, indicating the clinical significance of the findings and providing a path to therapeutic intervention of Graves’ Disease. Our data support the use of linsitinib as a novel treatment for thyroid eye disease

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

Search for supersymmetry in events with one lepton and multiple jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

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