Report on Running Channels in iseg 32-Ch HV Power Supplies

We report a study and solution of the so-called "running channel" (RC) phenomenon observed in the iseg 32-channel HV power supplies for the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimetry

Relative luminosity measurement of the LHC with the ATLAS forward calorimeter

In this paper it is shown that a measurement of the relative luminosity changes at the LHC may be obtained by analysing the currents drawn from the high voltage power supplies of the electromagnetic section of the forward calorimeter of the ATLAS detector. The method was verified with a reproduction of a small section of the ATLAS forward calorimeter using proton beams of known beam energies and variable intensities at the U-70 accelerator at IHEP in Protvino, Russia. The experimental setup and the data taking during a test beam run in April 2008 are described in detail. A comparison of the measured high voltage currents with reference measurements from beam intensity monitors shows a linear dependence on the beam intensity. The non-linearities are measured to be less than 0.5 % combining statistical and systematic uncertainties.Comment: 16 page

The Physics of the B Factories

This work is on the Physics of the B Factories. Part A of this book contains a brief description of the SLAC and KEK B Factories as well as their detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related issues. Part B discusses tools and methods used by the experiments in order to obtain results. The results themselves can be found in Part C

Langzeituntersuchungen an netzgekoppelten Photovoltaikanlagen in Sachsen Schlussbericht

Fifty small grid connected PV systems were systematically investigated between 1993 and 1997 in the frame of the 1000-Roof-Photovoltaic-Programme in Saxony. A continuous monitoring of the monthly irradiation and energy generation as well as special investigations using a new PV-system-analyzer were performed. Additionally, an extensive measuring programme was realized at 5 PV systems. The mean annual irradiation on roofs in urban regions of Saxony was estimated to be 1050 kWh/m"2. About 70% of this energy is available during the daily load peaks of the public grid in the summer months. The estimated characteristics of the main components (modules, inverters) partly showed remarkable differencies to the nominal values. A well designed and installed small PV system can reach a performance ratio of 80% and can generate a yield of 840 kWh/kW_p. Future small PV systems (up to 5 kW_p) are suggested to be designed as one-string-systems. The energy consumption of the participating private households was surprisingly high. A solar fraction of about 100% corresponds with a direct use of the solar energy of only 25%. The direct used solar energy increases up to 70% only at small solar fractions (<20%). (orig.)Zwischen 1993 und 1997 wurden 50 kleine netzgekoppelte Photovoltaikanlagen in Sachsen im Rahmen des 1000-Daecher-Photovoltaik-Programms systematisch untersucht. Neben der kontinuierlichen Auswertung der monatlichen Einstrahlung und der Energieerzeugung wurden alle Anlagen mittels eines PV-Anlagen-Analysators vermessen. An 5 Anlagen wurde ein erweitertes Messprogramm durchgefuehrt. Die mittlere jaehrliche Einstrahlung auf geneigte Dachflaechen in urbanen Gebieten Sachsens wurde zu 1050 kWh/m"2 bestimmt. Davon fallen 75% waehrend der Tageslastspitzen im Sommerhalbjahr an. Die ermittelten Kennlinien der eingesetzten Hauptkomponenten (Module, Wechselrichter) wichen teilweise erheblich von den Datenblattangaben ab. Gut ausgelegte und installierte Anlagen koennen bei einem Performance Ratio von 80% einen jaehrlichen Ertrag von 840 kWh/kW_p bringen. Kuenftig sollten Anlagen im kleinen Leistungsbereich (bis 5 kW_p) als Einstranganlagen errichtet werden. Der Energieverbrauch der einbezogenen Haushalte war ueberraschend hoch. Bei solaren Deckungsgraden von etwa 100% konnten nur 25% des erzeugten Stromes direkt in den Haushalten verbraucht werden. Bei Deckungsgraden von kleiner 20% erreichte der Direktnutzungsgrad etwa 70%. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RR 1847(98-221) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Elektroenergieerzeugung einer kombinierten Wind-Photovoltaik-Anlage in Ottendorf-Okrilla (Sachsen)

A hybrid wind-photovoltaic system has been operated in the Zentrallager of the Plus-Warenhandelsgesellschaft in Ottendorf-Okrilla (Saxony) since 1992. A 60 kW wind energy converter of Tackes TW-60 type has been combined with a 3.18 kW photovoltaic system. Some special features of the pv system (orientation of the generator, master-slave operation of the inverters) are remarkable. The operation of both systems was investigated in detail. With a yield of 689 kWh/kW_pa in 1995 the pv system achieved comparable results with other grid coupled pv systems in Saxony. Possible better results are prevented by the selected generator orientation. The master-slave mode of the inverter was studied in detail. The nonoptimal relation between the generator size and the inverters influenced the results. The wind energy converter achieved in 1995 a yield of 990 kWh/kW, which is below average also for non coast areas. The result is influenced by many obstacles in the surrounding of the converter. The time availability of the hybrid energy system in 1995 was 71.5% (6260 hours). (orig.)Vom Zentrallager der Plus-Warenhandelgesellschaft in Ottendorf-Okrilla (Sachsen) wird seit 1992 eine hybride Wind-Photovoltaik-Anlage zur Erzeugung von Elektroenergie betrieben. Die Anlage besteht aus einer 60-kW-Windkraftanlage des Typs TW 60 und einer Photovoltaikanlage mit einer Spitzenleistung von 3,18 kW. Letztere zeichnet sich durch einige Besonderheiten (Orientierung des Generators, Master-Slave-Betrieb der Wechselrichter) aus. Das Betriebsverhalten der Anlagen wurde ueber einen laengeren Zeitraum untersucht. Im Jahr 1995 erreichte die Photovoltaikanlage mit 689 Vollastbetriebsstunden etwa die Ergebnisse anderer Photovoltaikanlagen in Sachsen. Moegliche hoehere Ertraege werden durch die gewaehlte Orientierung des Generators verhindert. Die Master-Slave-Schaltung der Wechselrichter arbeitete ohne Probleme. Ihre Effektivitaet wurde durch die nicht optimale Abstimmung von Generator- und Wechselrichterleistung beeintraechtigt. Die Windkraftanlage erreichte im gleichen Jahr mit 990 Vollastbetriebsstunden ein auch fuer Binnenlandstandorte nur durchschnittliches Ergebnis. Es wird durch die unguenstigen Standortbedingungen (Hindernisse im Nahbereich) bestimmt. Die Zeitverfuegbarkeit des kombinierten Wind-PV-Systems lag im Jahr 1995 bei 71,5% (6260 Stunden). (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: RR 1847(96-138) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

The BaBar detector: Upgrades, operation and performance

Contains fulltext : 121729.pdf (preprint version ) (Open Access

Species diversification – which species should we use?

Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Particle tracking detectors; Gaseous detectors; Calorimeters; Cherenkov detectors; Particle identification methods; Photon detectors for UV. visible and IR photons; Detector alignment and calibration methods; Detector cooling and thermo-stabilization; Detector design and construction technologies and materials. The LHCb experiment is dedicated to precision measurements of CP violation and rare decays of B hadrons at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Geneva). The initial configuration and expected performance of the detector and associated systems. as established by test beam measurements and simulation studies. is described. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA

Design, construction and first operation of the large CsI calorimeter for the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage rings

The design and construction of the BaBar electromagnetic calorimeter are reviewed. Recent results on the expected sensitivity of the CsI(Tl) to radiation damage are discussed. The performance of the calorimeter in the first PEP-II run is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on operational experience and the measured degradation due to radiation damage. Correlation of radiation damage with the dose recorded in a novel large-scale array of radiation sensitive FETs are presented. The consequences for the long-term performance of a CsI(Tl) calorimeter operating in a high background environment are discussed

Measurement of CP-Violating Asymmetries in B0 Decays to CP Eigenstates

We present measurements of time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries in neutral B decays to several CP eigenstates. The measurement uses a data sample of 23×10^6 ϒ(4S)→BB̅ decays collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric B Factory at SLAC. In this sample, we find events in which one neutral B meson is fully reconstructed in a CP eigenstate containing charmonium and the flavor of the other neutral B meson is determined from its decay products. The amplitude of the CP-violating asymmetry, which in the standard model is proportional to sin2β, is derived from the decay time distributions in such events. The result is sin2β = 0.34±0.20(stat)±0.05(syst)