Ressenyes

Index de les obres ressenyades: Julia MELCÓN, La enseñanza de la geografía y el profesorado de las escuelas normales (1882-1915

Ressenyes

Index de les obres ressenyades: J. BOSQUE SENDRA y otros, Aplicaciones de la informática a la geografía y ciencias sociales (p. 149-152

De la epistemología a la sociología. La cara oculta de la pedagogía tecnológica

En la década de los setenta se crean en nuestro país las Facultades de Ciencias de la Educación -más conocidas como "de Pedagogía"-, cuya finalidad no será proporcionar la correspondiente formación pedagógica a quienes vayan a ser profesores en los diferentes niveles educativos, sino producir un genero de especialistas que, en principio, no se dedicará a la docencia. Analizar criticamente el discurso con el que los más destacados representantes de dichas Facultades tratan de justificar su peculiar función es el objetivo de este trabajo. Y más concretamente, mostrar cómo argumentaciones que resultan insostenibles desde una perspectiva gnoseológica, adquieren sentido al ser abordadas desde un punto de vista sociológico. Al hilo de todo ello realizamos unas breves consideraciones acerca de las implicaciones que conlleva el mencionado discurso de cara a la formación del profesorad

Discourse Analysis and Terminology in Languages for Specific Purposes

Aquest importantíssim recull conté estudis i reflexions sobre temes rellevants en la recerca sobre LSP: anglès mèdic, el llenguatge de la publicitat i periodístic, telecomunicacions i terminologia informàtica, llenguatge comercial i jurídic... Malgrat que gran part dels treballs aplegats es refereixen a l'anglès, també hi ha que tracten l'alemany, francès i altres llengües. Conté textos en anglès, francés, portuguès i castellà

Analysis of the common genetic component of large-vessel vasculitides through a meta- Immunochip strategy

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) are major forms of large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) that share clinical features. To evaluate their genetic similarities, we analysed Immunochip genotyping data from 1,434 LVV patients and 3,814 unaffected controls. Genetic pleiotropy was also estimated. The HLA region harboured the main disease-specific associations. GCA was mostly associated with class II genes (HLA-DRB1/HLA-DQA1) whereas TAK was mostly associated with class I genes (HLA-B/MICA). Both the statistical significance and effect size of the HLA signals were considerably reduced in the cross-disease meta-analysis in comparison with the analysis of GCA and TAK separately. Consequently, no significant genetic correlation between these two diseases was observed when HLA variants were tested. Outside the HLA region, only one polymorphism located nearby the IL12B gene surpassed the study-wide significance threshold in the meta-analysis of the discovery datasets (rs755374, P?=?7.54E-07; ORGCA?=?1.19, ORTAK?=?1.50). This marker was confirmed as novel GCA risk factor using four additional cohorts (PGCA?=?5.52E-04, ORGCA?=?1.16). Taken together, our results provide evidence of strong genetic differences between GCA and TAK in the HLA. Outside this region, common susceptibility factors were suggested, especially within the IL12B locus

A genome-wide association study identifies risk alleles in plasminogen and P4HA2 associated with giant cell arteritis

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common form of vasculitis in individuals older than 50 years in Western countries. To shed light onto the genetic background influencing susceptibility for GCA, we performed a genome-wide association screening in a well-powered study cohort. After imputation, 1,844,133 genetic variants were analysed in 2,134 cases and 9,125 unaffected controls from ten independent populations of European ancestry. Our data confirmed HLA class II as the strongest associated region (independent signals: rs9268905, P = 1.94E-54, per-allele OR = 1.79; and rs9275592, P = 1.14E-40, OR = 2.08). Additionally, PLG and P4HA2 were identified as GCA risk genes at the genome-wide level of significance (rs4252134, P = 1.23E-10, OR = 1.28; and rs128738, P = 4.60E-09, OR = 1.32, respectively). Interestingly, we observed that the association peaks overlapped with different regulatory elements related to cell types and tissues involved in the pathophysiology of GCA. PLG and P4HA2 are involved in vascular remodelling and angiogenesis, suggesting a high relevance of these processes for the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this type of vasculitis

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Ressenyes

Index de les obres ressenyades: Julia MELCÓN, La enseñanza de la geografía y el profesorado de las escuelas normales (1882-1915

De la epistemología a la sociología: la cara oculta de la pedagogía tecnológica

The Faculties of Educational Sciences, most widespread know as "of Pedagogy, were founded in Spain in the middle of the seventies. Their aim, unlike what happens in other western countries, is not to provide for the corresponding pedagogic background to future teachers at different educational levels, but to produce a type of specialist that will not devote themselves to teaching in principle. Bearing the above mentioned into account, this article analyzes the discourse on the relation between educational theory and practice with which the most outstanding representatives of the said Faculties attempt at justifying the role they perform. Their objective is to show how the basically instrumental or technological characterization of the tasks carried out by the scientists of education is untenable from the gnoseological point of view. Nevertheless, this position is justifiable from a sociological perspective, that is to say that it attempts the defence en the institutional position that adopt the members of the said profession.En la década de los setenta se crean en nuestro país las Facultades de Ciencias de la Educación -más conocidas como "de Pedagogía", cuya finalidad no será proporcionar la correspondiente formación pedagógica a quienes vayan a ser profesores en los diferentes niveles educativos, sino producir un genero de especialistas que, en principio, no se dedicará a la docencia. Analizar críticamente el discurso con el que los más destacados representantes de dichas Facultades tratan de justificar su peculiar función es el objetivo de este trabajo. Y más concretamente, mostrar cómo argumentaciones que resultan insostenibles desde una perspectiva gnoseológica, adquieren sentido al ser abordadas desde un punto de vista sociológico. Al hilo de todo ello realizamos unas breves consideraciones acerca de las implicaciones que conlleva el mencionado discurso de cara a la formación del profesorado