Fully Metal-Coated Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy Probes with Spiral Corrugations for Superfocusing under Arbitrarily Oriented Linearly Polarised Excitation

We study the effect of a spiral corrugation on the outer surface of a fully metal-coated scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) probe using the finite element method. The introduction of a novel form of asymmetry, devoid of any preferential spatial direction and covering the whole angular range of the originally axisymmetric tip, allows attaining strong field localization for a linearly polarised mode with arbitrary orientation. Compared to previously proposed asymmetric structures which require linearly polarised excitation properly oriented with respect to the asymmetry, such a configuration enables significant simplification in mode injection. In fact, not only is the need for the delicate procedure to generate radially polarised beams overcome, but also the relative alignment between the linearly polarised beam and the tip modification is no longer critica

Peran Ayah dalam Praktik Menyusui

Background: In Indonesia the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in 2007 was 32%. Although breastfeeding is a common practice, exclusive breastfeeding remains unpracticed optimally due to some influential factors. One factor to be considered here is father\u27s role. However, until recently studies regarding father\u27s role in breastfeeding practice have not been fully explored in Indonesia. In Bukittinggi exclusive breastfeeding rate was 63,5% in 2008.Objective: To investigate the relationship between the father\u27s role and breastfeeding practices in Bukittinggi Municipality.Method: This was an observational study with cross-sectional study design. Subjects were families with babies aged 0 – 6 months using non probability sampling. The independent variable was the father\u27s role and the dependent variable was breastfeeding practices. Meanwhile, the extraneous variables included knowledge, attitude, mother\u27s occupation; father\u27s working hours in a day, and income. The data were analyzed using univariable analysis, bivariable analysis with chi-square test, and multivariable analysis with logistic regression.Results: The result of multivariable analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the father\u27s role and breastfeeding practice, by including father\u27s knowledge, mother\u27s knowledge, father\u27s attitude and mother\u27s attitude that could predict by 12% (RP= 1.93; 95% CI= 1.36 – 2.74).Conclusion: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practices in the supporting father group was greater than in the group that non-supporting father. The recommendations are that fathers should be targeted audience in the breastfeeding promotion

Fully Metal-Coated Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy Probes with Spiral Corrugations for Superfocusing under Arbitrarily Oriented Linearly Polarised Excitation

We study the effect of a spiral corrugation on the outer surface of a fully metal-coated scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) probe using the finite element method. The introduction of a novel form of asymmetry, devoid of any preferential spatial direction and covering the whole angular range of the originally axisymmetric tip, allows attaining strong field localization for a linearly polarised mode with arbitrary orientation. Compared to previously proposed asymmetric structures which require linearly polarised excitation properly oriented with respect to the asymmetry, such a configuration enables significant simplification in mode injection. In fact, not only is the need for the delicate procedure to generate radially polarised beams overcome, but also the relative alignment between the linearly polarised beam and the tip modification is no longer critical

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació