2,935 research outputs found

    Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

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    The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ÏˆÎł, with the photons being measured through conversions to eâșe⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → ÎŒâșΌ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum

    Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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    BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

    First Latin American clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: Latin American Group for the Study of Lupus (GLADEL, Grupo Latino Americano de Estudio del Lupus)-Pan-American League of Associations of Rheumatology (PANLAR)

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    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a complex and heterogeneous autoimmune disease, represents a significant challenge for both diagnosis and treatment. Patients with SLE in Latin America face special problems that should be considered when therapeutic guidelines are developed. The objective of the study is to develop clinical practice guidelines for Latin American patients with lupus. Two independent teams (rheumatologists with experience in lupus management and methodologists) had an initial meeting in Panama City, Panama, in April 2016. They selected a list of questions for the clinical problems most commonly seen in Latin American patients with SLE. These were addressed with the best available evidence and summarised in a standardised format following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. All preliminary findings were discussed in a second face-to-face meeting in Washington, DC, in November 2016. As a result, nine organ/system sections are presented with the main findings; an 'overarching' treatment approach was added. Special emphasis was made on regional implementation issues. Best pharmacologic options were examined for musculoskeletal, mucocutaneous, kidney, cardiac, pulmonary, neuropsychiatric, haematological manifestations and the antiphospholipid syndrome. The roles of main therapeutic options (ie, glucocorticoids, antimalarials, immunosuppressant agents, therapeutic plasma exchange, belimumab, rituximab, abatacept, low-dose aspirin and anticoagulants) were summarised in each section. In all cases, benefits and harms, certainty of the evidence, values and preferences, feasibility, acceptability and equity issues were considered to produce a recommendation with special focus on ethnic and socioeconomic aspects. Guidelines for Latin American patients with lupus have been developed and could be used in similar settings.Fil: Pons Estel, Bernardo A.. Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y ReumĂĄticas; ArgentinaFil: Bonfa, Eloisa. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Soriano, Enrique R.. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; ArgentinaFil: Cardiel, Mario H.. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn ClĂ­nica de Morelia; MĂ©xicoFil: Izcovich, Ariel. Hospital AlemĂĄn; ArgentinaFil: Popoff, Federico. Hospital Aleman; ArgentinaFil: Criniti, Juan M.. Hospital AlemĂĄn; ArgentinaFil: VĂĄsquez, Gloria. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Massardo, Loreto. Universidad San SebastiĂĄn; ChileFil: Duarte, Margarita. Hospital de ClĂ­nicas; ParaguayFil: Barile Fabris, Leonor A.. Hospital Angeles del Pedregal; MĂ©xicoFil: GarcĂ­a, Mercedes A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de ClĂ­nicas General San MartĂ­n; ArgentinaFil: Amigo, Mary Carmen. Centro MĂ©dico Abc; MĂ©xicoFil: Espada, Graciela. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo GutiĂ©rrez"; ArgentinaFil: Catoggio, Luis J.. Hospital Italiano. Instituto Universitario. Escuela de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Sato, Emilia Inoue. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Levy, Roger A.. Universidade do Estado de Rio do Janeiro; BrasilFil: Acevedo VĂĄsquez, Eduardo M.. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; PerĂșFil: ChacĂłn DĂ­az, Rosa. PoliclĂ­nica MĂ©ndez GimĂłn; VenezuelaFil: Galarza Maldonado, Claudio M.. CorporaciĂłn MĂ©dica Monte SinaĂ­; EcuadorFil: Iglesias Gamarra, Antonio J.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Molina, JosĂ© Fernando. Centro Integral de ReumatologĂ­a; ColombiaFil: Neira, Oscar. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Silva, ClĂłvis A.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Vargas Peña, Andrea. Hospital Pasteur Montevideo; UruguayFil: GĂłmez Puerta, JosĂ© A.. Hospital Clinic Barcelona; EspañaFil: Scolnik, Marina. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; ArgentinaFil: Pons Estel, Guillermo J.. Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y ReumĂĄticas; Argentina. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Ugolini Lopes, Michelle R.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Savio, VerĂłnica. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; ArgentinaFil: Drenkard, Cristina. University of Emory; Estados UnidosFil: Alvarellos, Alejandro J.. Hospital Privado Universitario de CĂłrdoba; ArgentinaFil: Ugarte Gil, Manuel F.. Universidad Cientifica del Sur; PerĂș. Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen; PerĂșFil: Babini, Alejandra. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; ArgentinaFil: Cavalcanti, AndrĂ©. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Cardoso Linhares, Fernanda Athayde. Hospital Pasteur Montevideo; UruguayFil: Haye Salinas, Maria Jezabel. Hospital Privado Universitario de CĂłrdoba; ArgentinaFil: Fuentes Silva, Yurilis J.. Universidad de Oriente - NĂșcleo BolĂ­var; VenezuelaFil: Montandon De Oliveira E Silva, Ana Carolina. Universidade Federal de GoiĂĄs; BrasilFil: Eraso Garnica, Ruth M.. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Herrera Uribe, SebastiĂĄn. Hospital General de Medellin Luz Castro de GutiĂ©rrez; ColombiaFil: GĂłmez MartĂ­n, DIana. Instituto Nacional de la NutriciĂłn Salvador Zubiran; MĂ©xicoFil: Robaina Sevrini, Ricardo. Universidad de la RepĂșblica; UruguayFil: Quintana, Rosana M.. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; Argentina. Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y ReumĂĄticas; ArgentinaFil: Gordon, Sergio. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr Oscar Alende. Unidad de ReumatologĂ­a y Enfermedades Autoinmunes SistĂ©micas; ArgentinaFil: Fragoso Loyo, Hilda. Instituto Nacional de la NutriciĂłn Salvador Zubiran; MĂ©xicoFil: Rosario, Violeta. Hospital Docente Padre Billini; RepĂșblica DominicanaFil: Saurit, VerĂłnica. Hospital Privado Universitario de CĂłrdoba; ArgentinaFil: Appenzeller, Simone. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Dos Reis Neto, Edgard Torres. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Cieza, Jorge. Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins; PerĂșFil: GonzĂĄlez Naranjo, Luis A.. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: GonzĂĄlez Bello, Yelitza C.. Ceibac; MĂ©xicoFil: Collado, MarĂ­a Victoria. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones MĂ©dicas; ArgentinaFil: Sarano, Judith. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones MĂ©dicas; ArgentinaFil: Retamozo, Maria Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Sattler, MarĂ­a E.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva PerĂłn"; ArgentinaFil: Gamboa CĂĄrdenas, Rocio V.. Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen; PerĂșFil: Cairoli, Ernesto. Universidad de la RepĂșblica; UruguayFil: Conti, Silvana M.. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Amezcua Guerra, Luis M.. Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez; MĂ©xicoFil: Silveira, Luis H.. Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez; MĂ©xicoFil: Borba, Eduardo F.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Pera, Mariana A.. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos General San MartĂ­n; ArgentinaFil: Alba Moreyra, Paula B.. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Arturi, Valeria. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos General San MartĂ­n; ArgentinaFil: Berbotto, Guillermo A.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva PerĂłn"; ArgentinaFil: Gerling, Cristian. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr Oscar Alende. Unidad de ReumatologĂ­a y Enfermedades Autoinmunes SistĂ©micas; ArgentinaFil: Gobbi, Carla Andrea. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gervasoni, Viviana L.. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Scherbarth, Hugo R.. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr Oscar Alende. Unidad de ReumatologĂ­a y Enfermedades Autoinmunes SistĂ©micas; ArgentinaFil: Brenol, JoĂŁo C. Tavares. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; BrasilFil: Cavalcanti, Fernando. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Costallat, Lilian T. Lavras. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Da Silva, Nilzio A.. Universidade Federal de GoiĂĄs; BrasilFil: Monticielo, Odirlei A.. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; BrasilFil: Seguro, Luciana Parente Costa. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Xavier, Ricardo M.. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; BrasilFil: Llanos, Carolina. Universidad CatĂłlica de Chile; ChileFil: MontĂșfar Guardado, RubĂ©n A.. Instituto Salvadoreño de la Seguridad Social; El SalvadorFil: Garcia De La Torre, Ignacio. Hospital General de Occidente; MĂ©xicoFil: Pineda, Carlos. Instituto Nacional de RehabilitaciĂłn; MĂ©xicoFil: Portela HernĂĄndez, Margarita. Umae Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional Siglo Xxi; MĂ©xicoFil: Danza, Alvaro. Hospital Pasteur Montevideo; UruguayFil: Guibert Toledano, Marlene. Medical-surgical Research Center; CubaFil: Reyes, Gil Llerena. Medical-surgical Research Center; CubaFil: Acosta Colman, Maria Isabel. Hospital de ClĂ­nicas; ParaguayFil: Aquino, Alicia M.. Hospital de ClĂ­nicas; ParaguayFil: Mora Trujillo, Claudia S.. Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins; PerĂșFil: Muñoz Louis, Roberto. Hospital Docente Padre Billini; RepĂșblica DominicanaFil: GarcĂ­a Valladares, Ignacio. Centro de Estudios de InvestigaciĂłn BĂĄsica y ClĂ­nica; MĂ©xicoFil: Orozco, MarĂ­a Celeste. Instituto de RehabilitaciĂłn PsicofĂ­sica; ArgentinaFil: Burgos, Paula I.. Pontificia Universidad CatĂłlica de Chile; ChileFil: Betancur, Graciela V.. Instituto de RehabilitaciĂłn PsicofĂ­sica; ArgentinaFil: AlarcĂłn, Graciela S.. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerĂș. University of Alabama at Birmingahm; Estados Unido

    Electron and photon reconstruction and identification with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC

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    The performance is presented of the reconstruction and identification algorithms for electrons and photons with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The reported results are based on proton-proton collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and recorded in 2016-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 136 fb(-1). Results obtained from lead-lead collision data collected at root S-NN = 5.02 TeV are also presented. Innovative techniques are used to reconstruct the electron and photon signals in the detector and to optimize the energy resolution. Events with electrons and photons in the final state are used to measure the energy resolution and energy scale uncertainty in the recorded events. The measured energy resolution for electrons produced in Z boson decays in proton-proton collision data ranges from 2 to 5%, depending on electron pseudorapidity and energy loss through bremsstrahlung in the detector material. The energy scale in the same range of energies is measured with an uncertainty smaller than 0.1 (0.3)% in the barrel (endcap) region in proton-proton collisions and better than 1(3)% in the barrel (endcap) region in heavy ion collisions. The timing resolution for electrons from Z boson decays with the full 2016-2018 proton-proton collision data set is measured to be 200 ps.Peer reviewe

    Measurement of double-parton scattering in inclusive production of four jets with low transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

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    A measurement of inclusive four-jet production in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is presented. The transverse momenta of jets within vertical bar eta vertical bar 4.7 are required to exceed 35, 30, 25, and 20 GeV for the first-, second-, third-, and fourth-leading jet, respectively. Differential cross sections are measured as functions of the jet transverse momentum, jet pseudorapidity, and several other observables that describe the angular correlations between the jets. The measured distributions show sensitivity to different aspects of the underlying event, parton shower modeling, and matrix element calculations. In particular, the interplay between angular correlations caused by parton shower and double-parton scattering contributions is shown to be important. The double-parton scattering contribution is extracted by means of a template fit to the data, using distributions for single-parton scattering obtained from Monte Carlo event generators and a double-parton scattering distribution constructed from inclusive single-jet events in data. The effective double-parton scattering cross section is calculated and discussed in view of previous measurements and of its dependence on the models used to describe the single-parton scattering background

    Evidence for X(3872) in Pb-Pb Collisions and Studies of its Prompt Production at sNN\sqrt{^{s}NN} =5.02 TeV

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    The first evidence for X(3872) production in relativistic heavy ion collisions is reported. The X(3872) production is studied in lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sNN\sqrt{^{s}NN}=5.02 TeV per nucleon pair, using the decay chain X(3872)→J/ψπ+^{+} π–^{–}→Ό+^{+}Ό–^{–}π+^{+} π–^{–}. The data were recorded with the CMS detector in 2018 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb−1^{-1}. The measurement is performed in the rapidity and transverse momentum ranges |y|<1.6 and 15<pT<50 GeV/c. The significance of the inclusive X(3872) signal is 4.2 standard deviations. The prompt X(3872) to ψ2S yield ratio is found to be ρPb−Pb^{Pb-Pb}=1.08±0.49(stat)±0.52(syst), to be compared with typical values of 0.1 for pp collisions. This result provides a unique experimental input to theoretical models of the X(3872) production mechanism, and of the nature of this exotic state

    Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton–proton collisions at √s=13Te

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    A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton–proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137fb−1^{-1} collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on the model, the combined result excludes a top squark mass up to 1325GeV for a massless neutralino, and a neutralino mass up to 700GeV for a top squark mass of 1150GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420GeV

    Measurement of the Y(1S) pair production cross section and search for resonances decaying to Y(1S)ÎŒâșΌ⁻ in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

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    The fiducial cross section for Y(1S) pair production in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in the region where both Y(1S) mesons have an absolute rapidity below 2.0 is measured to be 79±11(stat)±6(syst)±3(B) pb assuming the mesons are produced unpolarized. The last uncertainty corresponds to the uncertainty in the Y(1S) meson dimuon branching fraction. The measurement is performed in the final state with four muons using proton-proton collision data collected in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9fb⁻Âč. This process serves as a standard model reference in a search for narrow resonances decaying to Y(1S)ÎŒâșΌ⁻ in the same final state. Such a resonance could indicate the existence of a tetraquark that is a bound state of two b quarks and two b antiquarks. The tetraquark search is performed for masses in the vicinity of four times the bottom quark mass, between 17.5 and 19.5 GeV, while a generic search for other resonances is performed for masses between 16.5 and 27 GeV. No significant excess of events compatible with a narrow resonance is observed in the data. Limits on the production cross section times branching fraction to four muons via an intermediate Y(1S) resonance are set as a function of the resonance mass
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