Formas y características de las rugosidades palatinas como medio de identificación odontológica legal o forense

Pdf.Las rugas palatinas, al igual que las huellas dactilares, no cambian durante la vida del individuo, ya que éstas son protegidas de cualquier trauma por su posición anatómica dentro de la cavidad bucal, no se alteran con el contacto con las prótesis dentales, están aisladas de golpes por medio de la lengua y por las almohadillas grasas del tejido conectivo subyacente y no son alteradas por sustancias químicas, ni traumatismos4,5. Estas estructuras del paladar comienzan a formarse a partir de la 12a semana de desarrollo y sólo cambian de tamaño por el normal crecimiento y desarrollo desde la infancia hasta la edad adulta y constituyen un rasgo morfológico para la individualización6.Según autores como Cortez, et al.4, el proceso de descomposición de las rugas palatinas comienza aproximadamente cinco días después de la muerte; sin embargo, otros autores6,7, indican que por encontrarse protegidas por estructuras dentales y óseas presentan cierto nivel de resistencia a la acción destructiva de la putrefacción y las altas temperaturas, en comparación con el resto de los tejidos blandos.La ficha dental, aunada a la rugoscopia y la dactiloscopia, completa el triángulo de identificación personal, compartiendo la rugoscopia y la dactiloscopia características de perennidad, inmutabilidad y variabilidad8. Por tanto, la rugoscopia es una técnica de identificación e individualización a través de la forma, tamaño y posición de las rugas palatinas, las cuales son únicas para cada persona9.la preste propuesta busca determinar la importancia tienen las formas y características de las rugosidades palatinas como medio de identificación odontológica legal forense? PALABRAS CLAVES: CARACTRISTICAS -RUGAS PALATINAS- IDENTIFICACIONXVI ABSTRACT The palatal rugae, like fingerprints do not change over the life of the individual, because they are protected from any trauma by their anatomical position within the oral cavity, they are unaffected by contact with dentures, are isolated punches through the language and the underlying fat pads and connective tissue are not altered by chemicals or traumatismos4,5. These structures begin to form the palate from the 12th week of development and change in size only by the normal growth and development from childhood to adulthood and constitute a morphological trait for individualización6.Según authors like Cortez, et al. 4, the decomposition process of the palatal rugae begins about five days after death; however, other authors.6,7 indicate that for being protected by dental and bone structures exhibit some level of resistance to the destructive action of putrefaction and high temperatures compared to the rest of the tab blandos.La dental tissues, coupled the rugoscopia and fingerprinting, completes the triangle of personal identification, sharing and fingerprinting rugoscopia features perpetuity, immutability and variabilidad8. Therefore, the rugoscopia is a technique of individual identification by shape, size and position of the palatal rugae, which are unique for each persona9.la pay proposal seeks to determine the important are the shapes and features of the palatal ridges as a means of legal forensic dental identification? KEYWORDS: CARACTRISTICAS -RUGAS PALATINAS- IDENTIFICATI

2019-2020 Performance Forum - September 19, 2019

A conversational event with Hugo Valverde took place at the end of this forum

Interfaces en Ambientes de Realidad Virtual (iReal 2011-2012)

Proyecto de Investigación. Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica. Escuela de Matemática, Escuela de Diseño Industrial, Escuela de Ingeniería en Computación, 2012El objetivo de iReal era desarrollar la tecnología para dotar al TEC de una instalación de realidad virtual. Para el proyecto se tenía que de!nir una estrategia sobre el uso y el desarrollo de los elementos de la interface, del software y hardware necesarios para proyectar en tiempo real ambientes tridimensionales en los que se pueda experimentar fenómenos espaciales de forma que el usuario esté inmerso en el ambiente ya sea física o virtualmente. Estas interfaces tridimensionales están muy poco desarrollado en el mundo. Al inicio del proyecto varios integrantes del grupo eScience (incluyendo a los investigadores Franklin Hernández y José Castro ) visitaron en marzo del 2010 el encuentro PRAGMA1 18 en San Diego California. En esta visita se pudo observar el estado del arte en varios países de los más avanzados en esta área, entre ellos Estados Unidos, Canadá, Japón, India y Corea entre otros. La parte de hardware del área está muy adelantada, sin embargo, el problema que persiste radica en la visualización de información (en alta resolución) en forma de ambientes tridimensionales virtuales y aun más crítico: la manipulación de esos sistemas

Estudio de viabilidad para la conversión del sistema productivo y logístico convencional de prendas de vestir a manufactura de prendas de bioseguridad en el Valle del Cauca

Esta investigación pretende como objeto principal entregar un estudio de viabilidad a los empresarios y gerentes del subsector de las confecciones en el Valle del Cauca - Colombia, para que les ayude a tomar una decisión acerca de realizar la conversión de sus estructuras de prendas de vestir convencionales hacia prendas con normas de bioseguridad vigente. Adicional a esto, y más allá de la viabilidad o no viabilidad, el estudio permite orientar en que modalidad se debe realizar la conversión entre las siguientes alternativas: Producir, comprar el producto terminado y una mezcla de las dos anteriores. De esta manera, se busca que los empresarios y gerentes de la industria en el subsector de la confección tengan la oportunidad de blindarse operativa, comercial y financieramente frente a la pandemia del COVID 19 en el año 2020; incluso, que les sirva para años posteriores como opción de incrementar sus ingresos a partir de artículos como tapabocas y mascarillas respiratorias que se convirtieron en una nueva línea de productos, de uso masivo e imprescindible en la sociedad. Finalmente, este estudio se realizó con base en la observación directa de sus autores, en la experiencia entregada por varios empresarios y gerentes de la región del Valle del Cauca y la recopilación de sus experiencias y apreciaciones a partir de una encuesta sintetizada desde el enfoque administrativo.The main objective of this research is to deliver a feasibility study to businessmen and managers of the garment subsector in Valle del Cauca - Colombia, in order to help them make a decision about the conversion of their conventional garment structures to garments with current biosecurity standards. In addition to this, and beyond the viability or non viability, the study allows to orient in which modality the conversion must be made between the following alternatives: To produce, to buy the finished product and a mixture of the two previous ones. In this way, it is sought that the businessmen and managers of the industry in the sub-sector of clothing have the opportunity to protect yourself operationally, commercially and financially against the COVID 19 pandemic in the year 2020; even, that it serves them for later years as an option to increase their income from articles such as mouthpieces and respiratory masks that became a new line of products, of massive use and essential in society. Finally, this study was carried out based on the direct observation of its authors, on the experience provided by several entrepreneurs and managers in the region of Valle del Cauca, and on the compilation of their experiences and assessments based on a survey synthesized from the administrative approach

Syringomyelia. Generalities, Evolution and Treatment

Al día de hoy existe una extensa variedad de enfermedades y patologías que atacan al sistema nervioso afectando así la calidad de vida y el desarrollo de actividades comunes en quienes las padecen. Entre ellas destaca la Siringomielia, una enfermedad neurológica de progresión lenta que se caracteriza por la presencia de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) en el interior de la médula espinal que origina la formación de un quiste llamado syrinx, este va creciendo lo que ocasiona la destrucción de la médula espinal en el área circunscrita lo que provoca síntomas como cefaleas, debilidad en los músculos de la espalda y las extremidades superiores e inferiores, además de la pérdida de la sensación de calor o frío. La finalidad de esta investigación es indagar en las generalidades de la siringomielia ya que al tratarse de una patología que afecta de manera directa a la médula espinal esta repercute negativamente en la vida de los pacientes. El estudio a continuación fue realizado con una metodología de tipo documental bibliográfico bajo control de una modalidad de revisión, ya que se trata de una recopilación de varias literaturas con relación al diagnóstico y tratamiento de la siringomielia como patología que afecta al sistema nervioso.Today there is a wide variety of diseases and pathologies that attack the nervous system, thus affecting the quality of life and the development of common activities in those who suffer from them. Among them, Syringomyelia stands out, a neurological disease of slow progression that is characterized by the presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside the spinal cord that causes the formation of a cyst called syrinx, this grows which causes the destruction of the spinal cord in the circumscribed area which causes symptoms such as headaches, weakness in the muscles of the back and the upper and lower extremities, in addition to the loss of the feeling of heat or cold. The purpose of this research is to investigate the generalities of syringomyelia since it is a pathology that directly affects the spinal cord, it has a negative impact on the lives of patients. The following study was carried out with a bibliographic documentary methodology under the control of a review modality since it is a compilation of several literatures regarding the diagnosis and treatment of syringomyelia as a pathology that affects the nervous system

¿Es la aspirina un medicamento anticaries?

Acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin, is an anti-inflammatory and very useful drug, besides, recent investigations have givent it the property of fighting against dental caries. A bibliographical revision of 17 materials about this topic was done. The main objectives were: to identify the principal characteristics of aspirin and the properties that make it an anti-caries medication. After accomplishing the bibliographical revision, it was determined that the acetylsalicylic acid of this drug, in theory is capable of stimulating the development of regenerating mother cells in the dental tissues.El ácido acetilsalicílico, comúnmente conocido como aspirina, es un fármaco antiinflamatorio de gran utilidad, además, investigaciones recientes le asignan la propiedad de combatir la caries dental. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en 17 materiales acerca de este tema. Los objetivos fueron: identificar las principales características de la aspirina, así como las propiedades que la convierten en un medicamento anticaries. Luego de revisada la documentación se concluyó que el ácido acetilsalicílico presente en el fármaco en cuestión, en teoría, es capaz de estimular el desarrollo de células madre regeneradoras del tejido dentario

Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention Groups

Background: Canagliflozin reduces the risk of kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, but effects on specific cardiovascular outcomes are uncertain, as are effects in people without previous cardiovascular disease (primary prevention). Methods: In CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation), 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease were randomly assigned to canagliflozin or placebo on a background of optimized standard of care. Results: Primary prevention participants (n=2181, 49.6%) were younger (61 versus 65 years), were more often female (37% versus 31%), and had shorter duration of diabetes mellitus (15 years versus 16 years) compared with secondary prevention participants (n=2220, 50.4%). Canagliflozin reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events overall (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80 [95% CI, 0.67-0.95]; P=0.01), with consistent reductions in both the primary (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.49-0.94]) and secondary (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.69-1.06]) prevention groups (P for interaction=0.25). Effects were also similar for the components of the composite including cardiovascular death (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.61-1.00]), nonfatal myocardial infarction (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.59-1.10]), and nonfatal stroke (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.56-1.15]). The risk of the primary composite renal outcome and the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure were also consistently reduced in both the primary and secondary prevention groups (P for interaction >0.5 for each outcome). Conclusions: Canagliflozin significantly reduced major cardiovascular events and kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, including in participants who did not have previous cardiovascular disease

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease

BACKGROUND: Reducing saturated fat reduces serum cholesterol, but effects on other intermediate outcomes may be less clear. Additionally, it is unclear whether the energy from saturated fats eliminated from the diet are more helpfully replaced by polyunsaturated fats, monounsaturated fats, carbohydrate or protein. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of reducing saturated fat intake and replacing it with carbohydrate (CHO), polyunsaturated (PUFA), monounsaturated fat (MUFA) and/or protein on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity, using all available randomised clinical trials. SEARCH METHODS: We updated our searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (Ovid) and Embase (Ovid) on 15 October 2019, and searched Clinicaltrials.gov and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) on 17 October 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA: Included trials fulfilled the following criteria: 1) randomised; 2) intention to reduce saturated fat intake OR intention to alter dietary fats and achieving a reduction in saturated fat; 3) compared with higher saturated fat intake or usual diet; 4) not multifactorial; 5) in adult humans with or without cardiovascular disease (but not acutely ill, pregnant or breastfeeding); 6) intervention duration at least 24 months; 7) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data available. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed inclusion, extracted study data and assessed risk of bias. We performed random-effects meta-analyses, meta-regression, subgrouping, sensitivity analyses, funnel plots and GRADE assessment. MAIN RESULTS: We included 15 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (16 comparisons, ~59,000 participants), that used a variety of interventions from providing all food to advice on reducing saturated fat. The included long-term trials suggested that reducing dietary saturated fat reduced the risk of combined cardiovascular events by 21% (risk ratio (RR) 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66 to 0.93, 11 trials, 53,300 participants of whom 8% had a cardiovascular event, I² = 65%, GRADE moderate-quality evidence). Meta-regression suggested that greater reductions in saturated fat (reflected in greater reductions in serum cholesterol) resulted in greater reductions in risk of CVD events, explaining most heterogeneity between trials. The number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) was 56 in primary prevention trials, so 56 people need to reduce their saturated fat intake for ~four years for one person to avoid experiencing a CVD event. In secondary prevention trials, the NNTB was 32. Subgrouping did not suggest significant differences between replacement of saturated fat calories with polyunsaturated fat or carbohydrate, and data on replacement with monounsaturated fat and protein was very limited. We found little or no effect of reducing saturated fat on all-cause mortality (RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.03; 11 trials, 55,858 participants) or cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.12, 10 trials, 53,421 participants), both with GRADE moderate-quality evidence. There was little or no effect of reducing saturated fats on non-fatal myocardial infarction (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.07) or CHD mortality (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.16, both low-quality evidence), but effects on total (fatal or non-fatal) myocardial infarction, stroke and CHD events (fatal or non-fatal) were all unclear as the evidence was of very low quality. There was little or no effect on cancer mortality, cancer diagnoses, diabetes diagnosis, HDL cholesterol, serum triglycerides or blood pressure, and small reductions in weight, serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and BMI. There was no evidence of harmful effects of reducing saturated fat intakes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this updated review suggest that reducing saturated fat intake for at least two years causes a potentially important reduction in combined cardiovascular events. Replacing the energy from saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat or carbohydrate appear to be useful strategies, while effects of replacement with monounsaturated fat are unclear. The reduction in combined cardiovascular events resulting from reducing saturated fat did not alter by study duration, sex or baseline level of cardiovascular risk, but greater reduction in saturated fat caused greater reductions in cardiovascular events