LIFE HISTORY SWITCH POINT PLASTICY IN RESPONSE TO POND DRYING ALYERS METAMORPH ALLOMETRY AND JUMPING PERFORMANCE

Animals with complex life cycles can cope with environmental uncertainty by altering life history switch points through developmental plasticity. Pond drying is an important factor which may alter life history switch points in aquatic organisms. Many amphibians can plastically respond to changes in pond drying by emerging earlier, but few studies have examined the post-metamorphic consequences for performance. To investigate the potential carry-over effects of plasticity to pond drying, we studied the túngara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus, a tropical anuran that breeds in highly ephemeral habitats. We conducted a field study with three different water depth treatments in 60 L mesocosms and measured time and size at metamorphosis, hind limb length and jumping performance. We also conducted a complimentary laboratory study that manipulated resources and water depth. In the field experiment, metamorphs from dry-down treatments emerged earlier, but at a similar size to constant volume treatments. In the laboratory experiment, metamorphs from the low depth and dry-down treatments emerged both earlier and smaller. In both studies, frogs from dry-down treatments had relatively shorter hind limbs, which negatively impacted their jumping performance. Reductions in resources delayed and reduced size at metamorphosis, but had no effect on jumping performance. We demonstrate that conditions experienced early in ontogeny can transcend the metamorphic boundary by erasing the relationship between hind limb length and jumping performance

Sparsity with sign-coherent groups of variables via the cooperative-Lasso

We consider the problems of estimation and selection of parameters endowed with a known group structure, when the groups are assumed to be sign-coherent, that is, gathering either nonnegative, nonpositive or null parameters. To tackle this problem, we propose the cooperative-Lasso penalty. We derive the optimality conditions defining the cooperative-Lasso estimate for generalized linear models, and propose an efficient active set algorithm suited to high-dimensional problems. We study the asymptotic consistency of the estimator in the linear regression setup and derive its irrepresentable conditions, which are milder than the ones of the group-Lasso regarding the matching of groups with the sparsity pattern of the true parameters. We also address the problem of model selection in linear regression by deriving an approximation of the degrees of freedom of the cooperative-Lasso estimator. Simulations comparing the proposed estimator to the group and sparse group-Lasso comply with our theoretical results, showing consistent improvements in support recovery for sign-coherent groups. We finally propose two examples illustrating the wide applicability of the cooperative-Lasso: first to the processing of ordinal variables, where the penalty acts as a monotonicity prior; second to the processing of genomic data, where the set of differentially expressed probes is enriched by incorporating all the probes of the microarray that are related to the corresponding genes.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOAS520 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Weighted-Lasso for Structured Network Inference from Time Course Data

We present a weighted-Lasso method to infer the parameters of a first-order vector auto-regressive model that describes time course expression data generated by directed gene-to-gene regulation networks. These networks are assumed to own a prior internal structure of connectivity which drives the inference method. This prior structure can be either derived from prior biological knowledge or inferred by the method itself. We illustrate the performance of this structure-based penalization both on synthetic data and on two canonical regulatory networks, first yeast cell cycle regulation network by analyzing Spellman et al's dataset and second E. coli S.O.S. DNA repair network by analysing U. Alon's lab data

CLUMPY: a code for gamma-ray signals from dark matter structures

We present the first public code for semi-analytical calculation of the gamma-ray flux astrophysical J-factor from dark matter annihilation/decay in the Galaxy, including dark matter substructures. The core of the code is the calculation of the line of sight integral of the dark matter density squared (for annihilations) or density (for decaying dark matter). The code can be used in three modes: i) to draw skymaps from the Galactic smooth component and/or the substructure contributions, ii) to calculate the flux from a specific halo (that is not the Galactic halo, e.g. dwarf spheroidal galaxies) or iii) to perform simple statistical operations from a list of allowed DM profiles for a given object. Extragalactic contributions and other tracers of DM annihilation (e.g. positrons, antiprotons) will be included in a second release.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, published in CPC. The CLUMPY code and its documentation can be found at http://lpsc.in2p3.fr/clump

Relating ordinary and fully simple maps via monotone Hurwitz numbers

A direct relation between the enumeration of ordinary maps and that of fully simple maps first appeared in the work of the first and last authors. The relation is via monotone Hurwitz numbers and was originally proved using Weingarten calculus for matrix integrals. The goal of this paper is to present two independent proofs that are purely combinatorial and generalise in various directions, such as to the setting of stuffed maps and hypermaps. The main motivation to understand the relation between ordinary and fully simple maps is the fact that it could shed light on fundamental, yet still not well-understood, problems in free probability and topological recursion.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figure

Sur la symbolique du jardin et de l'horticulture en éducation: Notes pour une recherche

Ce travail fait suite à une note formulant des propositions pour un travail de réflexion et de connaissance autour du et sur le jardin de l'ENS de Lyon, co-rédigé avec Sabine Lavorel et Françoise Morel-Deville, qui a été publié dans les archives ouvertes [https://hal-ens-lyon.archives-ouvertes.fr/ensl-01104227v3]. Il en prolonge un aspect plus spécialement dédié à la question de la symbolique du jardin et de l'horticulture en éducationCes réflexions ont pour point de départ une note de travail rédigée en 2014 (V. Charbonnier, S. Lavorel et F. Morel-Deville, Réflexions pour le développement de projets de connaissance du jardin de l'ENS de Lyon [https://hal-ens-lyon.archives-ouvertes.fr/ensl-01104227v3]) dont elle développe certaines « boutures » relativement à la question de la symbolique de l'horticulture dans le champ et le lexique de l'éducation

De la projection : réflexions sur une modalité éducative

Cette note de réflexion/recherche a pour origine une communication au colloque international Les « éducations à » : un (des) levier(s) de transformation du système éducatif (Rouen, 17-19 novembre 2014.On voudrait interroger la notion de projet et ses avatars qui apparaissent au cœur du lexique de l'éducation "post-moderne

La question du genre humain et du travail dans l'" Ontologie de l'être social " de Lukács

Note de présentation d'un projet de recherche sur l'" Ontologie de l'être social / Zur Ontologie des gesellschaftlichen Seins " de Lukács, rédigé de 1964-1971 et publié intégralement à titre posthume, en nous focalisant sur la double question du travail et du genre humain, à travers quatre questions : le sujet, l'histoire, le travail, l'éthique (laquelle est un horizon d'attente de l'" Ontologie de l'être social "