Procedimiento para el secado al sol de un alimento para animales (GARANVER) a partir de residuos industriales de la caña de azúcar

A study to establish drying parameters for a kind of animal food  (GARANVER) was carried on. GARANVER is made of sugar cane industrial wastes, i. e., a mixture of pressed sugar cane pith, liquid wastes (acid, alkaline, and sugary residuals), urea, and final molasses. The animal food was exposed to sun rays on a concrete floor for three days. Treatments applied were four dif- ferent GARANVER densities (70; 85; 100 and 125 ton/ha) and two different turning-over frequencies (every one and two hours) with five replicas. Data were evaluated by a simple classification variance analysis with a factorial arrangement. Variation of dry matter at 24; 48 and 72 h was taken as measurable parameter. Dried GARANVER was stocked for six months and its broma- tological components behavior was monthly checked. Results showed a possibility to reach DM levels above 85% with densities of 70 and 125 ton/ha at 48 and 72 hours and a turning-over frequency every one and two hours, respectively. Cost per unit is 35,16 and 34,28 Cuban pesos. GARANVER nutrient components remained stable while stocked.Se hizo un estudio para establecer los parámetros de secado de un alimento para animales denominado GARANVER, elaborado a partir de residuos industriales de la caña de azúcar; es una mezcla de bagacillo, residuales líquidos (ácidos, alcalinos y azucara- dos), urea y miel final. El alimento se expuso al sol durante tres días, sobre una superficie pavimentada. Los tratamientos utiliza- dos fueron cuatro densidades (70; 85; 100 y 125 t/ha) y dos frecuencias de volteo (una vuelta por 1 h y una cada 2 h) replicados cinco veces. Como parámetro medible se tomó la variación de materia seca (MS) a las 24; 48 y 72 h. Los datos fueron evaluados en un análisis de varianza de clasificación simple con arreglo factorial. El material seco se almacenó durante seis meses y se con- troló mensualmente el comportamiento de los componentes bromatológicos. Los resultados muestran la posibilidad de alcanzar niveles de MS por encima del 85 % con densidades de 70 y de 125 t/ha a las 48 y 72 horas con una frecuencia de volteo cada 1 y cada 2 h respectivamente y un costo unitario de 35,16 y 34,28 pesos cubanos. Los componentes nutritivos se mantuvieron estables durante el periodo de almacenamiento

Secado y conservación durante el almacenamiento de un alimento para animales elaborado con cachaza, bagacillo y residuales líquidos (GARANVER)

A preliminary study  on  a  small scale to establish the  drying parameters for an  animal feedstuff (GARANVER) containing filter cake  mud, sugarcane bagasse pith, liquid waste (acid,  alkaline, and  sugared residuals), urea, and  final molasses was carried out.  The feedstuff was exposed to sun rays on  a  concrete floor. Treatments applied were  four feedstuff densities (70, 85, 100,  and  125 t/ha),  and  two turnover  frequencies (every  one and  two hours). Each  treatment had  five replicas. Raw  matter  variation was taken  as a measuring parameter at  24,  48,  and  72  hours.   Data  were  evaluated according to  a simple  classification  variance  analysis  with  a  factorial  arrangement. Afterwards,  drying was performed on a commercial scale with two feedstuff densities (70 and  125 t/ha). Dry matter  was sampled for microbiological tests. The feedstuff was storaged for six months and  its bromatological components were  monthly tested. Results showed the possibility of reaching a dry matter  level above 85 % with a 70 t/ha density  at 48 hours and  an hour turnover  frequency. With feedstuff densities of 80; 100,  and  125  t/ha,  the  period of time enlarged  up   to   72   hours  with  both   turnover   frequencies.  Feedstuff  drying  on   a commercial scale showed a similar behaviour. The microbiological tests showed neither Salmonella nor other proteolytic organisms. Nutrient components remained stable during the storage period.Se  hizo primeramente un estudio a pequeña escala para  establecer los parámetros de secado de  un  alimento para  animales denominado GARANVER,  compuesto por  una mezcla de cachaza, bagacillo, residuales líquidos (ácidos, alcalinos y azucarados), urea y miel final. El material fue expuesto al sol   sobre una  superficie pavimentada. Los tratamientos  utilizados  fueron  cuatro   densidades  (70;   85;   100   y  125   t/ha)   y  dos frecuencias  de  volteo  (cada una   y  cada  dos horas) replicados  cinco  veces. Como parámetro medible se tomó  la variación de  materia seca (MS) a las 24; 48 y 72 h. Los datos fueron evaluados en  un  análisis de  varianza de  clasificación simple con  arreglo factorial.  Posteriormente  se efectuó  el  secado  a  escala  comercial  empleando  dos densidades (70  y 125  t/ha)  y al material seco se le tomaron muestras  para  análisis microbiológicos. Después se almacenó durante seis meses y se controló mensualmente los componentes bromatológicos. Los resultados muestran la posibilidad de alcanzar un nivel de MS por encima del 85 % con la densidad de 70 t/ha a las 48 h con volteo cada 1 h y con  la  densidad de  80,  100  y 125 t/ha  el  periodo  se alarga  hasta 72  horas con ambas frecuencias  de  volteo.  De  manera semejante  se comportó el  secado a  escala comercial. Los análisis microbiológicos no arrojaron presencia de salmonella ni de organismos  proteolíticos.  Los componentes  nutritivos  se mantuvieron  estables  durante el periodo de almacenamiento

Measurement of χ c1 and χ c2 production with s√ = 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

The prompt and non-prompt production cross-sections for the χ c1 and χ c2 charmonium states are measured in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using 4.5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. The χ c states are reconstructed through the radiative decay χ c → J/ψγ (with J/ψ → μ + μ −) where photons are reconstructed from γ → e + e − conversions. The production rate of the χ c2 state relative to the χ c1 state is measured for prompt and non-prompt χ c as a function of J/ψ transverse momentum. The prompt χ c cross-sections are combined with existing measurements of prompt J/ψ production to derive the fraction of prompt J/ψ produced in feed-down from χ c decays. The fractions of χ c1 and χ c2 produced in b-hadron decays are also measured

Combined search for the quarks of a sequential fourth generation

Results are presented from a search for a fourth generation of quarks produced singly or in pairs in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011. A novel strategy has been developed for a combined search for quarks of the up and down type in decay channels with at least one isolated muon or electron. Limits on the mass of the fourth-generation quarks and the relevant Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements are derived in the context of a simple extension of the standard model with a sequential fourth generation of fermions. The existence of mass-degenerate fourth-generation quarks with masses below 685 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for minimal off-diagonal mixing between the third- and the fourth-generation quarks. With a mass difference of 25 GeV between the quark masses, the obtained limit on the masses of the fourth-generation quarks shifts by about +/- 20 GeV. These results significantly reduce the allowed parameter space for a fourth generation of fermions.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the t t-bar production cross section in the dilepton channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The t t-bar production cross section (sigma[t t-bar]) is measured in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV in data collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns. The measurement is performed in events with two leptons (electrons or muons) in the final state, at least two jets identified as jets originating from b quarks, and the presence of an imbalance in transverse momentum. The measured value of sigma[t t-bar] for a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV is 161.9 +/- 2.5 (stat.) +5.1/-5.0 (syst.) +/- 3.6(lumi.) pb, consistent with the prediction of the standard model.Comment: Replaced with published version. Included journal reference and DO

Compressed representation of a partially defined integer function over multiple arguments

In OLAP (OnLine Analitical Processing) data are analysed in an n-dimensional cube. The cube may be represented as a partially defined function over n arguments. Considering that often the function is not defined everywhere, we ask: is there a known way of representing the function or the points in which it is defined, in a more compact manner than the trivial one

Search for new physics with same-sign isolated dilepton events with jets and missing transverse energy

A search for new physics is performed in events with two same-sign isolated leptons, hadronic jets, and missing transverse energy in the final state. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.98 inverse femtobarns produced in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. This constitutes a factor of 140 increase in integrated luminosity over previously published results. The observed yields agree with the standard model predictions and thus no evidence for new physics is found. The observations are used to set upper limits on possible new physics contributions and to constrain supersymmetric models. To facilitate the interpretation of the data in a broader range of new physics scenarios, information on the event selection, detector response, and efficiencies is provided.Comment: Published in Physical Review Letter

Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for a W' boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. The W' boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W' to t b, leading to a final state signature with a single lepton (e, mu), missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is tagged as a b-jet. A W' boson that couples to fermions with the same coupling constant as the W, but to the right-handed rather than left-handed chiral projections, is excluded for masses below 1.85 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W' gauge coupling for a set of left- and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B. Replaced with version publishe

Search for supersymmetry in events with b-quark jets and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at 7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for physics beyond the standard model based on events with large missing transverse energy, at least three jets, and at least one, two, or three b-quark jets. The study is performed using a sample of proton-proton collision data collected at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2011. The integrated luminosity of the sample is 4.98 inverse femtobarns. The observed number of events is found to be consistent with the standard model expectation, which is evaluated using control samples in the data. The results are used to constrain cross sections for the production of supersymmetric particles decaying to b-quark-enriched final states in the context of simplified model spectra.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review

Measurement of jet fragmentation into charged particles in pp and PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV

Jet fragmentation in pp and PbPb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair was studied using data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. Fragmentation functions are constructed using charged-particle tracks with transverse momenta pt > 4 GeV for dijet events with a leading jet of pt > 100 GeV. The fragmentation functions in PbPb events are compared to those in pp data as a function of collision centrality, as well as dijet-pt imbalance. Special emphasis is placed on the most central PbPb events including dijets with unbalanced momentum, indicative of energy loss of the hard scattered parent partons. The fragmentation patterns for both the leading and subleading jets in PbPb collisions agree with those seen in pp data at 2.76 TeV. The results provide evidence that, despite the large parton energy loss observed in PbPb collisions, the partition of the remaining momentum within the jet cone into high-pt particles is not strongly modified in comparison to that observed for jets in vacuum.Comment: Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physic