A large-scale experiment finds no evidence that a seismic survey impacts a demersal fish fauna

Seismic surveys are used to locate oil and gas reserves below the seabed and can be a major source of noise in marine environments. Their effects on commercial fisheries are a subject of debate, with experimental studies often producing results that are difficult to interpret. We overcame these issues in a large-scale experiment that quantified the impacts of exposure to a commercial seismic source on an assemblage of tropical demersal fishes targeted by commercial fisheries on the North West Shelf of Western Australia. We show that there were no short-term (days) or long-term (months) effects of exposure on the composition, abundance, size structure, behavior, or movement of this fauna. These multiple lines of evidence suggest that seismic surveys have little impact on demersal fishes in this environment

Glycemic responses to strenuous training in male professional cyclists with type 1 diabetes: a prospective observational study

Introduction This prospective observational study sought to establish the glycemic, physiological and dietary demands of strenuous exercise training as part of a 9-day performance camp in a professional cycling team with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Research design and methods Sixteen male professional cyclists with T1D on multiple daily injections (age: 27±4 years; duration of T1D: 11±5 years; body mass index: 22±2 kg/m2; glycated hemoglobin: 7%±1% (50±6 mmol/mol); maximum rate of oxygen consumption: 73±4 mL/kg/min) performed road cycle sessions (50%–90% of the anaerobic threshold, duration 1–6 hours) over 9 consecutive days. Glycemic (Dexcom G6), nutrition and physiological data were collected throughout. Glycemic data were stratified into predefined glycemic ranges and mapped alongside exercise physiology and nutritional parameters, as well as split into daytime and night-time phases for comparative analysis. Data were assessed by means of analysis of variance and paired t-tests. A p value of ≤0.05 (two-tailed) was statistically significant.Results Higher levels of antecedent hypoglycemia in the nocturnal hours were associated with greater time spent in next-day hypoglycemia overall (p=0.003) and during exercise (p=0.019). Occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycemia was associated with over three times the risk of next-day hypoglycemia (p<0.001) and a twofold risk of low glucose during cycling (p<0.001). Moreover, there was trend for a greater amount of time spent in mild hypoglycemia during the night compared with daytime hours (p=0.080).Conclusion The higher prevalence of nocturnal hypoglycemia was associated with an increased risk of next-day hypoglycemia, which extended to cycle training sessions. These data highlight the potential need for additional prebed carbohydrates and/or insulin dose reduction strategies around exercise training in professional cyclists with T1D.Trial registration number DRKS00019923

Crop Updates 1999 - Lupins

This article contains twenty three papers 1998 LUPIN HIGHLIGHTS LUPIN ANTHRACNOSE 1. Anthracnose overview, Greg Shea, Geoff Thomas and Mark Sweetingham, Agriculture Western Australia 2. Anthracnose – Critical seed infection levels for resistant and susceptible varieties, Geoff Thomas, Mark Sweetingham, Bill O\u27Neill and Greg Shea, Agriculture Western Australia 3. Fungicide seed treatment for anthracnose and brown spot control in lupin, G. Thomas and M. Sweetingham, Agriculture Western Australia LUPIN BREEDING AND AGRONOMY 4. Anthracnose resistance in lupins – an innovative Australian research effort 1996-1998, Wallace Cowling1\u272, Bevan Buirchell1,2 Mark Sweetinqham1,2, Hua\u27an Yang2, Geoff Thomas 1, David Luckett3, Allan Brown4 and John Hamblin2, 1 Agriculture Western Australia, 2 Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, University of Western Australia, 3 NSW Agriculture, Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 4 Consultant, 16 Rochester Way, Dianella, WA 5. Gene transfer to pulses: Challenges through 1989-99. Joanne E. Barton, Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, University of Western Australia 6. Can we select for restricted branching in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) Kedar Adhikari1, Nick Galwey1and Miles Dracup2, 1Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia,2 Agriculture Western Australia 7. Getting the beat out of new lupin varieties, Dr Bob French, Grain Legume Agronomist, Agriculture Western Australia 8. Starter nitrogen on lupins, Dr Bob French, Grain Legume Agronomist, Agriculture Western Australia APHIDS AND VIRUS CONTROL 9. Forecasting aphid and virus risk in lupins, Debbie Thackray and Roger Jones, CRC for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture and Agriculture Western Australia 10. Screening for resistance to cucumber mosaic virus in lupins, Roger Jones, Brenda Coutts, Narelle Reeve, Wallace Cowling and Bevan Buirchell, Agriculture Western Australia and CRC for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture 11. The non-necrotic strain of bean yellow mosaic virus spreads faster than the necrotic strain in lupins, Y. Cheng 1 and R.A.C. Jones 1•2, 1 Cooperative Research Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, 2 Agriculture Western Australia 12. Spraying to control aphid feeding damage increases yields of some lupin varieties and faba bean, Francoise Berlandier and Linnet Cartwright, Entomology, Agriculture Western Australia LUPIN NUTRITION 13. Calculated lime requirements for rotations, James Fisher1, Art Diggle 1•2 and Bill Bowden 1•2, 1 Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, 2 Agriculture Western Australia 14. What does lime do to acidic soils – lupin nutrition, Chris Gazey, Research Officer, Agriculture Western Australia 15. Effect of application method of manganese fertiliser and manganese concentration of seed source on seed yield of lupins grown in the West Midlands, Luigi Moreschi, CSBP Area Manager HERBICIDE TOLERANCE AND WEED CONTROL 16. Herbicide tolerance of lupins, Terry Piper, Weed Science Group, Agriculture Western Australia 17. Weed control in Wodjil yellow lupins, Terry Piper, Weed Science Group, Agriculture Western Australia 18. Herbicide tolerance of new lupin varieties, Peter Newman, Agronomist, Elders Mingenew 19. Control of volunteer canola in lupins, Terry Piper and Dave Nicholson, Weed Science Group, Agriculture Western Australia LUPIN ESTABLISHMENT 20. A new seed pressing system for healthy lupin establishment and productivity, Mohammad Amjad, Glen Riethmuller and Ron Jarvis, Agriculture Western Australia 21. Encouragement for controlled traffic farming in the Northern Wheatbelt, Paul Blackwell, Agriculture Western Australia LUPIN HARVESTING 22. Improved lupin harvesting efficiency with different knife guard extensions, Glen Riethmuller, Agriculture Western Australia LUPIN AND PULSE UTILISATION 23. The value of pulse grains for sheep, C.L. White, CSIRO Division of Animal Productio

Investigation of NRXN1 deletions: Clinical and molecular characterization

Deletions at 2p16.3 involving exons of NRXN1 are associated with susceptibility for autism and schizophrenia, and similar deletions have been identified in individuals with developmental delay and dysmorphic features. We have identified 34 probands with exonic NRXN1 deletions following referral for clinical microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization. To more firmly establish the full phenotypic spectrum associated with exonic NRXN1 deletions, we report the clinical features of 27 individuals with NRXN1 deletions, who represent 23 of these 34 families. The frequency of exonic NRXN1 deletions among our postnatally diagnosed patients (0.11%) is significantly higher than the frequency among reported controls (0.02%; P  = 6.08 × 10 −7 ), supporting a role for these deletions in the development of abnormal phenotypes. Generally, most individuals with NRXN1 exonic deletions have developmental delay (particularly speech), abnormal behaviors, and mild dysmorphic features. In our cohort, autism spectrum disorders were diagnosed in 43% (10/23), and 16% (4/25) had epilepsy. The presence of NRXN1 deletions in normal parents and siblings suggests reduced penetrance and/or variable expressivity, which may be influenced by genetic, environmental, and/or stochastic factors. The pathogenicity of these deletions may also be affected by the location of the deletion within the gene. Counseling should appropriately represent this spectrum of possibilities when discussing recurrence risks or expectations for a child found to have a deletion in NRXN1 . © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97220/1/35780_ftp.pd

Possible physical and thermodynamical evidence for liquid water at the Phoenix landing site

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95444/1/jgre2665.pd

Analysis of Germline GLI1 Variation Implicates Hedgehog Signalling in the Regulation of Intestinal Inflammatory Pathways

Charlie Lees and colleagues identify a reduced-function variant of the hedgehog signaling pathway protein GLI1 that associates with inflammatory bowel disease, and investigate its role in a mouse model of colitis

Localization of type 1 diabetes susceptibility to the MHC class I genes HLA-B and HLA-A

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6 is associated with susceptibility to more common diseases than any other region of the human genome, including almost all disorders classified as autoimmune. In type 1 diabetes the major genetic susceptibility determinants have been mapped to the MHC class II genes HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 (refs 1-3), but these genes cannot completely explain the association between type 1 diabetes and the MHC region. Owing to the region's extreme gene density, the multiplicity of disease-associated alleles, strong associations between alleles, limited genotyping capability, and inadequate statistical approaches and sample sizes, which, and how many, loci within the MHC determine susceptibility remains unclear. Here, in several large type 1 diabetes data sets, we analyse a combined total of 1,729 polymorphisms, and apply statistical methods - recursive partitioning and regression - to pinpoint disease susceptibility to the MHC class I genes HLA-B and HLA-A (risk ratios >1.5; Pcombined = 2.01 × 10-19 and 2.35 × 10-13, respectively) in addition to the established associations of the MHC class II genes. Other loci with smaller and/or rarer effects might also be involved, but to find these, future searches must take into account both the HLA class II and class I genes and use even larger samples. Taken together with previous studies, we conclude that MHC-class-I-mediated events, principally involving HLA-B*39, contribute to the aetiology of type 1 diabetes. ©2007 Nature Publishing Group

Prevalence and architecture of de novo mutations in developmental disorders.

The genomes of individuals with severe, undiagnosed developmental disorders are enriched in damaging de novo mutations (DNMs) in developmentally important genes. Here we have sequenced the exomes of 4,293 families containing individuals with developmental disorders, and meta-analysed these data with data from another 3,287 individuals with similar disorders. We show that the most important factors influencing the diagnostic yield of DNMs are the sex of the affected individual, the relatedness of their parents, whether close relatives are affected and the parental ages. We identified 94 genes enriched in damaging DNMs, including 14 that previously lacked compelling evidence of involvement in developmental disorders. We have also characterized the phenotypic diversity among these disorders. We estimate that 42% of our cohort carry pathogenic DNMs in coding sequences; approximately half of these DNMs disrupt gene function and the remainder result in altered protein function. We estimate that developmental disorders caused by DNMs have an average prevalence of 1 in 213 to 1 in 448 births, depending on parental age. Given current global demographics, this equates to almost 400,000 children born per year

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements