El significado de la vejez y su relación con la salud en ancianas y ancianos integrados a un programa de envejecimiento activo

Revista electrónicaEl presente trabajo busca analizar las percepciones que tiene un grupo de ancianas y ancianos de la comunidad de San Cristóbal Ecatepec, Estado de México, acerca de su vejez y su relación con la salud. El modelo teórico de la Gerontología Social y del Capital Social de Bourdieu, permiten adentrarnos en el análisis de estas percepciones. La metodología cualitativa, a través de entrevistas a profundidad, fueron las vías para recuperar la información. Las ancianas y ancianos forman parte del programa de “Envejecimiento Activo” diseñado en el Centro Universitario Ecatepec, de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, y la presente investigación es uno de los productos de dicho programa. Los resultados nos muestran que las personas reconocen los cambios físicos que han presentado con el paso de los años, los cuales implican la disminución de sus capacidades físicas; sin embargo, también presentan estrategias que les permiten enfrentar dichos cambios, de tal manera que buscan seguir estando activos en su vida diaria a partir de una actividad ajustada, lo que representa una acción de resistencia ante los estereotipos que la modernidad le ha impuesto al anciano: como una persona en declive y decadencia.Sin financiamient

Una actividad física eficiente ante el reto de una sociedad de jóvenes influenciada por el modernismo y la tecnología

Actualmente los jóvenes se encuentran influenciados por un estilo de vida dominado por la modernidad y los avances tecnológicos, lo que deriva en una vida sedentaria que produce efectos nocivos en todos los sentidos y todos los ámbitos. Esto, aunado a los programas de un sistema institucional educativo y deportivo con innumerables carencias, nos lleva a una situación más complicada, en la que se añaden factores perjudiciales que abarcan la ignorancia, la incapacidad y los intereses personales, que no nos ayudan a edificar alternativas que comiencen a funcionar. Es primordial el establecimiento de una solución pronta y efectiva, encaminada a sistematizar una actividad física adecuada, basada en argumentos científicos y métodos acordes, que nos provean los diversos beneficios que su práctica otorga y nos ayuden a detener el proceso de deterioro físico, al cual el ritmo de vida actual no arroja

Sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) como herramienta en la estimación de la demanda de agua para uso urbano

de información geográfica. Este método proporciona una mayor precisión en la estimación de la superficie que abarca las zonas de suministro de agua potable pero, sobre todo, certidumbre en la cantidad de agua demandada debido al detalle que ofrece la información usada: las Áreas Geo-Estadísticas Básicas (AGEB).Para el año de estudio 2005, una comparación entre las estimaciones de la demanda de agua realizadas por el organismo operador del agua en Toluca, México y el presente método utilizando las AGEB‟s concluyeron que problemas como una distribución inadecuada del agua puede ser resuelta por medio de este método utilizando representaciones espaciales de la demanda proyectada. Además el monitoreo sobre el gasto de agua proyectada y suministrada permitirá un análisis sobre la dotación requerida por tipo de consumo y su reducción dentro del marco de cultura de ahorro de agua

A report of disseminated adenocarcinoma presenting as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) represent a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, peripheral thrombocytopenia, and organ failure of variable severity. TMAs encompass thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), typically characterized by fever, central nervous system manifestations and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), in which renal failure is the prominent abnormality. In patients with cancer TMAs may be related to various antineoplastic drugs or to the malignant disease itself. The reported series of patients with TMAs directly related to cancer are usually heterogeneous, retrospective, and encompass patients with hematologic malignancies with solid tumors or receiving chemotherapy, each of which may have distinct presentations and pathophysiological mechanisms. Patients with disseminated malignancy who present with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia may be misdiagnosed as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) Only a few cases of TTP secondary to metastatic adenocarcinoma are known in the literature. We present a case of a 34-year-old man with TTP syndrome secondary to metastatic small-bowel adenocarcinoma. Patients with disseminated malignancy had a longer duration of symptoms, more frequent presence of respiratory symptoms, higher lactate dehydrogenase levels, and more often failed to respond to plasma exchange treatment. A search for systemic malignancy, including a bone marrow biopsy, is appropriate when patients with TTP have atypical clinical features or fail to respond to plasma exchange

Development of methodology for evaluation of spheroidized steels. Part I : determination of the decarburization degree

Desenvolveu-se neste trabalho metodologia simples para avaliar quantitativamente a microestrutura de aços esferoidizados. Nesta primeira parte, analisou-se a descarbonetação destes aços e, sequencialmente, é analisada a determinação do seu grau de esferoidização, tendo em vista que as normas existentes para avaliar o grau de descarbonetação se limitam à comparação com padrões micrográficos perlíticos e, para determinar o grau de esferoidização médio, ao uso de padrões qualitativos. Foi estudado o aço AISI 1095 na forma de fio-máquina laminado e esferoidizado. Com o uso de métodos estereológicos e microscopia eletrônica de varredura é possível quantificar, pela fração volumétrica de carbonetos, perfis de descarbonetação de esferoidizados, ponto a ponto, com resolução espacial melhor que 5 µm na profundidade.In this work, simple methodology was developed for the quantitative evaluation of the microstructure of spheroidized steels. In this first part, the decarburization of these steels was analyzed and, sequentially, the determination of the spheroidization degree will be analized, as the available industrial norms are restricted to the comparison with perlitic micrographic standards, in the case of the decarburization degree and with qualitative standards, in the case of the spheroidization degree. The AISI 1095 steel was studied in the hot-rolled and spheroidized-annealed condition. Using stereologic methods and scanning electron microscopy it is possible to quantify, from the volumetric fraction of carbides, decarburization profiles of spheroidized products with a spatial depth resolution of circa 5 µm

Development of methodology for evaluation of spheroidized steels. Part 2 : determination of the spheroidization degree

Desenvolveu-se neste trabalho metodologia simples para avaliar quantitativamente a microestrutura de aços esferoidizados. Na primeira parte, analisou-se a descarbonetação destes aços e, no presente trabalho, o seu grau de esferoidização, tendo em vista que as normas existentes se limitam ao uso de padrões qualitativos para determinar o grau de esferoidização médio. Estudou-se o aço AISI 1095 na forma de fio-máquina esferoidizado. Para isto, utilizou-se o parâmetro circularidade em micrografias eletrônicas de varredura, possibilitando quantificar a distribuição de carbonetos conforme seu grau de esferoidização.In this work, a simple methodology was developed for the quantitative evaluation of the microstructure of spheroidized steels. In the first part, the decarburization of these steels was analyzed and now, methodology for the determination of the spheroidization degree was developed, as the available industrial norms are restricted to the use of qualitative standards for determining the mean spheroidization degree. The SAE 1095 steel was studied in the spheroidized annealed condition. The parameter circularity was applied to scanning electron micrographs, enabling the quantification of the carbides distribution according to their spheroidization degree

Evaluating radiological response in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours treated with sunitinib : comparison of Choi versus RECIST criteria (CRIPNET_ GETNE1504 study)

The purpose of our study was to analyse the usefulness of Choi criteria versus RECIST in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs) treated with sunitinib. A multicentre, prospective study was conducted in 10 Spanish centres. Computed tomographies, at least every 6 months, were centrally evaluated until tumour progression. One hundred and seven patients were included. Median progression-free survival (PFS) by RECIST and Choi were 11.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.7-15.9) and 15.8 months (95% CI, 13.9-25.7). PFS by Choi (Kendall's τ = 0.72) exhibited greater correlation with overall survival (OS) than PFS by RECIST (Kendall's τ = 0.43). RECIST incorrectly estimated prognosis in 49.6%. Partial response rate increased from 12.8% to 47.4% with Choi criteria. Twenty-four percent of patients with progressive disease according to Choi had stable disease as per RECIST, overestimating treatment effect. Choi criteria predicted PFS/OS. Changes in attenuation occurred early and accounted for 21% of the variations in tumour volume. Attenuation and tumour growth rate (TGR) were associated with improved survival. Choi criteria were able to capture sunitinib's activity in a clinically significant manner better than RECIST; their implementation in standard clinical practice shall be strongly considered in PanNET patients treated with this drug

Second-line treatment in advanced gastric cancer : Data from the Spanish AGAMENON registry

Second-line treatments boost overall survival in advanced gastric cancer (AGC). However, there is a paucity of information as to patterns of use and the results achieved in actual clinical practice. The study population comprised patients with AGC in the AGAMENON registry who had received second-line. The objective was to describe the pattern of second-line therapies administered, progression-free survival following second-line (PFS-2), and post-progression survival since first-line (PPS). 2311 cases with 2066 progression events since first-line (89.3%) were recorded; 245 (10.6%) patients died during first-line treatment and 1326/2066 (64.1%) received a second-line. Median PFS-2 and PPS were 3.1 (95% CI, 2.9-3.3) and 5.8 months (5.5-6.3), respectively. The most widely used strategies were monoCT (56.9%), polyCT (15.0%), ramucirumab+CT (12.6%), platinum-reintroduction (8.3%), trastuzumab+CT (6.1%), and ramucirumab (1.1%). PFS-2/PPS medians gradually increased in monoCT, 2.6/5.1 months; polyCT 3.4/6.3 months; ramucirumab+CT, 4.1/6.5 months; platinum-reintroduction, 4.2/6.7 months, and for the HER2+ subgroup in particular, trastuzumab+CT, 5.2/11.7 months. Correlation between PFS since first-line and OS was moderate in the series as a whole (Kendall's τ = 0.613), lower in those subjects who received second-line (Kendall's τ = 0.539), especially with ramucirumab+CT (Kendall's τ = 0.413). This analysis reveals the diversity in second-line treatment for AGC, highlighting the effectiveness of paclitaxel-ramucirumab and, for a selected subgroup of patients, platinum reintroduction; both strategies endorsed by recent clinical guidelines

Immunity and vaccine development efforts against Trypanosoma cruzi

Artículo de revisión especializadoTrypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) is the causative agent for Chagas disease (CD). There is a critical lack of methods for prevention of infection or treatment of acute infection and chronic disease. Studies in experimental models have suggested that the protective immunity against T. cruzi infection requires the elicitation of Th1 cytokines, lytic antibodies and the concerted activities of macrophages, T helper cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In this review, we summarize the research efforts in vaccine development to date and the challenges faced in achieving an efficient prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine against human CD.UTM

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results