Realidade e o novo jornalismo

Este artigo pretende abrir a discussão em torno do código discursivo utilizado pelos profissionais que produziram a revista Realidade nos três primeiros anos de sua existência (1966-1968), enfatizando uma problemática pouco estudada até aqui: a influência que o new journalism teve na produção do gênero da reportagem no Brasil.

En la flor de la piel: las narrativas híbridas vida cotidiana y la comunicación

A experiência cotidiana é um espaço de apreensão da realidade e tem como fundamento a configuração do universo mítico e estereotipado do indivíduo, elementos com os quais são construídas suas percepções do mundo. Este artigo procura mostrar como os padrões culturais da modernidade tardia se instituem num conjunto que conforma a existência sensível e dá a ela, ao mesmo tempo, elementos de racionalidade instrumental com a qual o ser social lê e interpreta aquilo que o cerca. O foco da análise é sustentado pela hipótese de que essa perspectiva se reproduz a partir de seu próprio imediatismo – responsável por uma lógica imanente que dirige e orienta sua conduta. As práticas da comunicação são, portanto, instrumentos construtores desse universo sob uma perspectiva híbrida: a da informação e a da reiteração desse processo cultural.The everyday experience of space is a grasp of reality and is based upon the configuration of the mythical universe and stereotyped the individual elements which are built with their perceptions of the world. This article seeks to show how cultural patterns of late modernity is establishing a set that conforms to sensuous existence and gives it at the same time, elements of instrumental rationality with which the social being read and interpret his surroundings. The focus is supported by the hypothesis that this perspective is reproduced from its own immediacy - an immanent logic responsible for supervising and guiding their conduct. The practices of communication are therefore instruments builders of this universe in a hybrid approach: the information and the repetition of this cultural process.La experiencia cotidiana es un espacio de la comprensión de la realidad y se basa en la configuración del universo mítico y dos elementos individuales se construyen estereotipos con los de sus percepciones del mundo. Este artículo trata de mostrar cómo los patrones culturales de la modernidad tardía son el conjunto que se establece y que se ajusta a la sensualidad y a la existencia e se dan en el mismo tiempo, elementos de la racionalidad instrumental con la que el ser social le e interpreta su entorno. El enfoque se apoya en la hipótesis de que esta perspectiva se reproduce a partir de su inmediaticidad propia - una lógica inmanente responsable de supervisar y orientar su conducta. Las prácticas de comunicación son constructoras de instrumentos de este universo en un enfoque híbrido: la información y la repetición de este proceso cultural

Estética da violência: jornalismo e produção de sentidos

resenh

JORNALISMO CULTURAL E PRESENÇA INTELECTUAL NA ESFERA PÚBLICA

O artigo pretende analisar as relações entre o Jornalismo Cultural e a discussão pública da atividade intelectual que o gênero permite nas abordagens que faz de temas relativos à produção estético-expressiva e ético-política presentes em suas diversas formas de manifestação. A hipótese central é a de que a avaliação dessa produção encontra correspondência nos padrões de gosto e de consumo construídos a partir de novas demandas de distinção cultural do público

Nem tudo que reluz é ouro: contribuição para uma reflexão teórica sobre o jornalismo cultural

The work presents an ensemble of theorical and conceptual considerations about the conditions of cultural jornalism production, searching to identify it as a genre, witch its complexity goes beyond its insertion in the market of simbolic possessions, since its pratical work mantains a narrow relationship with the intelectual production of the diferents historical contexts.El trabajo presenta un conjunto de consideraciones teórico-conceptuales sobre la condiciones de producción el en periodismo cultural, buscando identificarlo con el genero cuya complejidad va mas allá de su inserción en el mercado de los bienes simbólicos, ya que sus practicas mantienen estrechas relaciones con la producción intelectual de las diferentes coyunturas historicas.O trabalho apresenta um conjunto de considerações teórico-conceituais sobre as condições de produção do jornalismo cultural, procurando identificá-lo como um gênero, cuja complexidade vai além de sua inserção no mercado de bens simbólicos, já que suas práticas mantêm estreitas relações com a produção intelectual das diferentes conjunturas históricas

Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Background Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigation of observed and expected mortality patterns based on sociodemographic measures. Methods We estimated all-cause mortality by age, sex, geography, and year using an improved analytical approach originally developed for GBD 2013 and GBD 2010. Improvements included refinements to the estimation of child and adult mortality and corresponding uncertainty, parameter selection for under-5 mortality synthesis by spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, and sibling history data processing. We also expanded the database of vital registration, survey, and census data to 14 294 geography-year datapoints. For GBD 2015, eight causes, including Ebola virus disease, were added to the previous GBD cause list for mortality. We used six modelling approaches to assess cause-specific mortality, with the Cause of Death Ensemble Model (CODEm) generating estimates for most causes. We used a series of novel analyses to systematically quantify the drivers of trends in mortality across geographies. First, we assessed observed and expected levels and trends of cause-specific mortality as they relate to the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Second, we examined factors affecting total mortality patterns through a series of counterfactual scenarios, testing the magnitude by which population growth, population age structures, and epidemiological changes contributed to shifts in mortality. Finally, we attributed changes in life expectancy to changes in cause of death. We documented each step of the GBD 2015 estimation processes, as well as data sources, in accordance with Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER). Findings Globally, life expectancy from birth increased from 61.7 years (95% uncertainty interval 61.4-61.9) in 1980 to 71.8 years (71.5-72.2) in 2015. Several countries in sub-Saharan Africa had very large gains in life expectancy from 2005 to 2015, rebounding from an era of exceedingly high loss of life due to HIV/AIDS. At the same time, many geographies saw life expectancy stagnate or decline, particularly for men and in countries with rising mortality from war or interpersonal violence. From 2005 to 2015, male life expectancy in Syria dropped by 11.3 years (3.7-17.4), to 62.6 years (56.5-70.2). Total deaths increased by 4.1% (2.6-5.6) from 2005 to 2015, rising to 55.8 million (54.9 million to 56.6 million) in 2015, but age-standardised death rates fell by 17.0% (15.8-18.1) during this time, underscoring changes in population growth and shifts in global age structures. The result was similar for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with total deaths from these causes increasing by 14.1% (12.6-16.0) to 39.8 million (39.2 million to 40.5 million) in 2015, whereas age-standardised rates decreased by 13.1% (11.9-14.3). Globally, this mortality pattern emerged for several NCDs, including several types of cancer, ischaemic heart disease, cirrhosis, and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. By contrast, both total deaths and age-standardised death rates due to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional conditions significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, gains largely attributable to decreases in mortality rates due to HIV/AIDS (42.1%, 39.1-44.6), malaria (43.1%, 34.7-51.8), neonatal preterm birth complications (29.8%, 24.8-34.9), and maternal disorders (29.1%, 19.3-37.1). Progress was slower for several causes, such as lower respiratory infections and nutritional deficiencies, whereas deaths increased for others, including dengue and drug use disorders. Age-standardised death rates due to injuries significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, yet interpersonal violence and war claimed increasingly more lives in some regions, particularly in the Middle East. In 2015, rotaviral enteritis (rotavirus) was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to diarrhoea (146 000 deaths, 118 000-183 000) and pneumococcal pneumonia was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to lower respiratory infections (393 000 deaths, 228 000-532 000), although pathogen-specific mortality varied by region. Globally, the effects of population growth, ageing, and changes in age-standardised death rates substantially differed by cause. Our analyses on the expected associations between cause-specific mortality and SDI show the regular shifts in cause of death composition and population age structure with rising SDI. Country patterns of premature mortality (measured as years of life lost [YLLs]) and how they differ from the level expected on the basis of SDI alone revealed distinct but highly heterogeneous patterns by region and country or territory. Ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes were among the leading causes of YLLs in most regions, but in many cases, intraregional results sharply diverged for ratios of observed and expected YLLs based on SDI. Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases caused the most YLLs throughout sub-Saharan Africa, with observed YLLs far exceeding expected YLLs for countries in which malaria or HIV/AIDS remained the leading causes of early death. Interpretation At the global scale, age-specific mortality has steadily improved over the past 35 years; this pattern of general progress continued in the past decade. Progress has been faster in most countries than expected on the basis of development measured by the SDI. Against this background of progress, some countries have seen falls in life expectancy, and age-standardised death rates for some causes are increasing. Despite progress in reducing age-standardised death rates, population growth and ageing mean that the number of deaths from most non-communicable causes are increasing in most countries, putting increased demands on health systems. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

À flor da pele: narrativas híbridas, cotidiano e comunicação

A experiência cotidiana é um espaço de apreensão da realidade e tem como fundamento a configuração do universo mítico e estereotipado do indivíduo, elementos com os quais são construídas suas percepções do mundo. Este artigo procura mostrar como os padrões culturais da modernidade tardia se instituem num conjunto que conforma a existência sensível e dá a ela, ao mesmo tempo, elementos de racionalidade instrumental com a qual o ser social lê e interpreta aquilo que o cerca.  O foco da análise é sustentado pela hipótese de que essa perspectiva se reproduz a partir de seu próprio imediatismo – responsável por uma lógica imanente que dirige e orienta sua conduta. As práticas da comunicação são, portanto, instrumentos construtores desse universo sob uma perspectiva híbrida: a da informação e a da reiteração desse processo cultural.</p