¹H NMR spectra dataset and solid-state NMR data of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

In this article the NMR data from chemical shifts, coupling constants, and structures of all the characterized compounds were provided, beyond a complementary PCA evaluation for the corresponding manuscript (E.G. Alves Filho, L.M.A. Silva, E.M. Teofilo, F.H. Larsen, E.S. de Brito, 2017) [3]. In addition, a complementary assessment from solid-state NMR data was provided. For further chemometric analysis, numerical matrices from the raw 1H NMR data were made available in Microsoft Excel workbook format (.xls)

A Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) method for the chromatographic determination of alkylpyrazines in cocoa samples

A Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) procedure for isolation and determination of alkylpyrazines in cocoa liquor, using Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) for the separation and detection of the analytes, is presented here. The HS-SPME operational conditions were optimized using extractions of samples spiked with known amounts of alkylpyrazines typically found on cocoa products. The maximum extraction efficiency was obtained using SPME fibers coated with 65 µm Carbowax/divinylbenzene. Additionally, the best results were achieved with extraction temperature of 60 ºC, 15 min of sample/headspace equilibration time and 45 min extraction time. It was also observed that suspending the samples in saturated aqueous NaCl solution during extractions resulted in a significant increment on the peak areas. This procedure was found to be effective to determine the so-called pyrazinic ratios (quotient between peak areas of alkylpyrazines), which are useful as quality parameters for cocoa liquor.Um procedimento de Microextração em Fase Sólida em Headspace (HS-SPME) para isolamento e determinação de alquilpirazinas em liquor de cacau, usando Cromatografia Gasosa com Detecção por Ionização em Chama (GC-FID) é apresentado aqui. As condições operacionais de HS-SPME foram otimizadas usando extrações de amostras fortificadas com quantidades conhecidas de alquilpirazinas tipicamente encontradas em derivados de cacau. A eficiência máxima de extração foi obtida com fibras de SPME recobertas com 65 µm de Carbowax/divinilbenzeno. Em adição, os melhores resultados foram obtidos usando 60 ºC como temperatura de extração, 15 min como tempo de equilíbrio amostra/headspace e 45 min como tempo de extração. Observou-se também que o uso de solução aquosa saturada de NaCl para suspender as amostras durante as extrações resultou em um incremento significativo nas áreas dos picos. Este procedimento se mostrou efetivo para a determinação das razões pirazínicas (quocientes entre as áreas dos picos de alquilpirazinas), que são úteis como parâmetros de qualidade para liquor de cacau.267271Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

AVALIAÇÃO DO IMPACTO DE PRÉ-TRATAMENTOS SOBRE A EXTRAÇÃO DE CAROTENÓIDES POR PRENSAGEM SEQÜENCIAL DE BAGAÇO DE CAJU

A extração de carotenóides ocorre geralmente por solventes orgânicos, cujos impactos negativos incentivam sua substituição por processos de prensagem, utilizando água como solvente. A baixa solubilidade dos carotenóides em água pode ser parcialmente compensada por pré-tratamentos que hidrolisem ou rompam as paredes celulares dos tecidos, como congelamento e tratamento enzimático. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do congelamento do bagaço de caju (subproduto da produção de suco) e da ação da pectinase sobre a extração de carotenóides por prensagem. O bagaço do caju, previamente congelado ou não, foi macerado em água ou solução de pectinase, prensado e filtrado, gerando o extrato. O bagaço resultante do primeiro ciclo maceração-prensagem passou por mais quatro ciclos, sendo a maceração sempre em água. Os teores de carotenóides do bagaço e dos extratos obtidos de cada ciclo foram analisados. A eficiência da extração de carotenóides tendeu a diminuir ao longo do número de ciclos. Tanto o congelamento quanto o tratamento enzimático aumentaram significativamente a eficiência global do processo de extração, especialmente o primeiro

GW190412: Observation of a Binary-Black-Hole Coalescence with Asymmetric Masses

We report the observation of gravitational waves from a binary-black-hole coalescence during the first two weeks of LIGO’s and Virgo’s third observing run. The signal was recorded on April 12, 2019 at 05∶30∶44 UTC with a network signal-to-noise ratio of 19. The binary is different from observations during the first two observing runs most notably due to its asymmetric masses: a ∼30 M_⊙ black hole merged with a ∼8 M_⊙ black hole companion. The more massive black hole rotated with a dimensionless spin magnitude between 0.22 and 0.60 (90% probability). Asymmetric systems are predicted to emit gravitational waves with stronger contributions from higher multipoles, and indeed we find strong evidence for gravitational radiation beyond the leading quadrupolar order in the observed signal. A suite of tests performed on GW190412 indicates consistency with Einstein’s general theory of relativity. While the mass ratio of this system differs from all previous detections, we show that it is consistent with the population model of stellar binary black holes inferred from the first two observing runs

Azimuthal separation in nearly back-to-back jet topologies in inclusive 2-and 3-jet events in pp collisions at root s=13TeV

A measurement for inclusive 2- and 3-jet events of the azimuthal correlation between the two jets with the largest transverse momenta, Delta phi(12), is presented. The measurement considers events where the two leading jets are nearly collinear ("back-to-back") in the transverse plane and is performed for several ranges of the leading jet transverse momentum. Proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1) are used. Predictions based on calculations using matrix elements at leading-order and next-to-leading-order accuracy in perturbative quantum chromodynamics supplemented with leading-log parton showers and hadronization are generally in agreement with themeasurements. Discrepancies between the measurement and theoretical predictions are as large as 15%, mainly in the region 177 degrees <Delta phi(12) <180 degrees. The 2- and 3-jet measurements are not simultaneously described by any of models.Peer reviewe

GW190412: observation of a binary-black-hole coalescence with asymmetric masses

We report the observation of gravitational waves from a binary-black-hole coalescence during the first two weeks of LIGO’s and Virgo’s third observing run. The signal was recorded on April 12, 2019 at 05∶30∶44 UTC with a network signal-to-noise ratio of 19. The binary is different from observations during the first two observing runs most notably due to its asymmetric masses: a ∼30 M⊙ black hole merged with a ∼8 M⊙ black hole companion. The more massive black hole rotated with a dimensionless spin magnitude between 0.22 and 0.60 (90% probability). Asymmetric systems are predicted to emit gravitational waves with stronger contributions from higher multipoles, and indeed we find strong evidence for gravitational radiation beyond the leading quadrupolar order in the observed signal. A suite of tests performed on GW190412 indicates consistency with Einstein’s general theory of relativity. While the mass ratio of this system differs from all previous detections, we show that it is consistent with the population model of stellar binary black holes inferred from the first two observing runs

GW190814: gravitational waves from the coalescence of a 23 solar mass black hole with a 2.6 solar mass compact object

We report the observation of a compact binary coalescence involving a 22.2–24.3 Me black hole and a compact object with a mass of 2.50–2.67 Me (all measurements quoted at the 90% credible level). The gravitational-wave signal, GW190814, was observed during LIGO’s and Virgo’s third observing run on 2019 August 14 at 21:10:39 UTC and has a signal-to-noise ratio of 25 in the three-detector network. The source was localized to 18.5 deg2 at a distance of - + 241 45 41 Mpc; no electromagnetic counterpart has been confirmed to date. The source has the most unequal mass ratio yet measured with gravitational waves, - + 0.112 0.009 0.008, and its secondary component is either the lightest black hole or the heaviest neutron star ever discovered in a double compact-object system. The dimensionless spin of the primary black hole is tightly constrained to �0.07. Tests of general relativity reveal no measurable deviations from the theory, and its prediction of higher-multipole emission is confirmed at high confidence. We estimate a merger rate density of 1–23 Gpc−3 yr−1 for the new class of binary coalescence sources that GW190814 represents. Astrophysical models predict that binaries with mass ratios similar to this event can form through several channels, but are unlikely to have formed in globular clusters. However, the combination of mass ratio, component masses, and the inferred merger rate for this event challenges all current models of the formation and mass distribution of compact-object binaries

Respostas a quitina em cultura de células de Citrus aurantium em suspensão

Morphological changes and enzyme activity in suspension-cultured cells of Citrus aurantium were followed after chitin elicitation. Chitin oligomers presented a rapid effect with a maximum activity after 3 h followed by a gradual decrease to the original levels at 8 h of incubation. Cell walls presented a lignification process and the cytoplasmatic protein became less reactive to anionic stains. In the treated material a reduction in starch grain size, an increase in the number of autophagic vacuoles, deposition of secretion in the pericellular space and a defibrillation of the cell-wall polymers were observed. Chitin oligomers increased peroxidase and L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities. Extracellular peroxidase activity increased from 0.20 U mL-1 after 1 h to 0.45 U mL-1 at 3 h followed by a gradual decrease up to 8 h. The peroxidase isoenzyme pattern revealed a predominance of basic isoenzymes in these cells.As mudanças morfológicas e atividade enzimática em cultura de células de Citrus aurantium em suspensão foram acompanhadas após eliciação com quitina. Os oligômeros de quitina apresentaram um rápido efeito, com uma atividade máxima após 3 h, seguida de um decréscimo gradual aos níveis originais com 8 h de incubação. As paredes celulares apresentaram processo de lignificação e as proteínas citoplasmáticas tornaram-se menos reativas aos corantes aniônicos. Nos materiais tratados observou-se uma redução no tamanho dos grãos de amido, um aumento no número de vacuólos autofágicos, deposição de secreção no espaço pericelular e desfibrilação dos polímeros da parede celular. Os oligômeros de quitina induziram a atividade da peroxidase e da L-fenilalanina amônia-liase. A atividade das peroxidases extracelulares aumentou de 0.20 U mL-1 após 1 h para 0.45 U mL-1 em 3 h, seguida de um decréscimo gradual até 8 h. O padrão de isoenzimas revelou uma predominância de isoenzimas básicas.6976Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES