THE ROLE OF PROACTIVE PERSONALITY IN THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG PARENTIFICATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

This study aims at investigating the mediating effect of proactive personality on the relationship between the experience of parentification, psychological resilience and psychological well-being. The sample of this study is composed of 416 university students, %63,9 (266 people) of whom were female and %36,1 (150 people) of whom were male. The data of the study were gathered via Psychological Resilience Scale (PRS), Proactive Personality Scale (PPS), Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS), Parentified Child Scale-Adult Version (PCS-A) and Personal Information Form. The data were analysed by using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and mediation analysis. According to the study findings, the experience of parentification has a direct effect in the negative direction on psychological well-being and psychological resilience, while it has an indirect effect in the positive direction on proactivity. In other words, as university students’ level of proactivity increases, the negative effect of parentification on psychological well-being and psychological resilience decreases

Tears evoke the intention to offer social support: A systematic investigation of the interpersonal effects of emotional crying across 41 countries

Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and likely uniquely human phenomenon. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue by evoking social support intentions. Initial experimental studies supported this proposition across several methodologies, but these were conducted almost exclusively on participants from North America and Europe, resulting in limited generalizability. This project examined the tears-social support intentions effect and possible mediating and moderating variables in a fully pre-registered study across 7007 participants (24,886 ratings) and 41 countries spanning all populated continents. Participants were presented with four pictures out of 100 possible targets with or without digitally-added tears. We confirmed the main prediction that seeing a tearful individual elicits the intention to support, d = 0.49 [0.43, 0.55]. Our data suggest that this effect could be mediated by perceiving the crying target as warmer and more helpless, feeling more connected, as well as feeling more empathic concern for the crier, but not by an increase in personal distress of the observer. The effect was moderated by the situational valence, identifying the target as part of one's group, and trait empathic concern. A neutral situation, high trait empathic concern, and low identification increased the effect. We observed high heterogeneity across countries that was, via split-half validation, best explained by country-level GDP per capita and subjective well-being with stronger effects for higher-scoring countries. These findings suggest that tears can function as social glue, providing one possible explanation why emotional crying persists into adulthood.</p

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

The Relationship Between the Level of the Self Stigma of Seeking Help and the Cognitive Behavioral Avoidance of College Students

anemonThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship betweenself-stigma of seeking help and cognitive behavioral avoidance. Moreover, thedifferentiation of self-stigma by various variables such as, gender, previouspsychological help experience and community size has investigated. Participantscompleted a demographic data form, Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scale, andCognitive Behavioral Avoidance Scale. The results of this study show that menand who are from rural areas have higher level of self-stigma. Moreover, thereis a positive and significant relationship between self-stigma and cognitivebehavioral avoidance. The results of the regression analyses also demonstratedthat gender, being from rural area and the cognitive behavioral avoidancesignificantly predicted self-stigma of seeking help whereas having a previouspsychological counselling experience was not a significant predictor ofself-stigma of seeking help.Buaraştırmada, bireylerin psikolojik yardım aramaya ilişkin kendini damgalamatutumları ile bilişsel davranışçı kaçınma düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkininincelenmesi amaçlanmış, ayrıca kendini damgalama tutumu cinsiyet, yerleşim yerive psikolojik yardım alma deneyimi değişkenleri açısından ele alınmıştır.Araştırmada kullanılan veriler, Psikolojik Yardım Aramada Kendini DamgalamaÖlçeği, Bilişsel-Davranışsal Kaçınma Ölçeği ve araştırma kapsamındageliştirilen Kişisel Bilgi Formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmadan eldeedilen sonuçlara göre erkek öğrencilerin ve yaşamının çoğunu kırsal bölgedegeçiren öğrencilerin kendini damgalama tutumlarının daha yüksek düzeyde olduğugörülmüştür. Araştırmada ayrıca, bireylerde kendini damgalama tutumu ilebilişsel davranışsal kaçınma düzeyi arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı birilişkinin olduğu bulgulanmış, yapılan Regresyon analizi sonuçlarına görecinsiyet, yerleşim yeri ve bilişsel davranışsal kaçınma değişkenlerinin kendinidamgalama tutumunu anlamlı bir şekilde yordadığı görülmüştür.46383

Gratitude, Hope, Optimism and Life Satisfaction as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being

Purpose: The mainstream psychology has mostly focused on the negative factors that threaten human mental health. With the emergence of positive psychology approach, the human strengths have started to be studied and the number of studies on the issue of happiness and well-being has increased. The aim of this research is to reveal the level of prediction for psychological well-being by the variables of gratitude, hope, optimism and life satisfaction. Method: Research sample consisted of 510 students from various faculties and departments of four different universities. The study group consisted of 359 female (70.4%) and 151 male (29.6%) university students. The age range of participants varied between 17 and 30. Findings: All the variables discussed in the study were positively related to each other, and the variables of gratitude, optimism, hope, and life satisfaction all together accounted for about 51% of the variance of psychological well-being. Gratitude was determined as the most predictive variable for well-being and it was followed by the variables; hope, optimism, and life satisfaction, respectively. Accordingly; gratitude predicted 35.4% of the variance in well-being alone; gratitude and hope predicted 45.4% together; gratitude, hope, and optimism predicted 48.8% together; while gratitude, hope, optimism, and life satisfaction predicted 50.7% percent altogether. Implications for Research and Practice: These findings are thought to be important in terms of revealing variables that predict well-being with a high level of variance. It is thought that these findings can be used in the field of mental health especially by the researchers and practitioners using intervention studies. Especially, since the gratitude level accounts for 35.4% of the variance in well-being alone, gratitude interventions can effectively be used to improve wellbeing level

Trait mindfulness as a protective factor in connections between psychological issues and facebook addiction among Turkish University students

Eskisu, Mustafa/0000-0002-7992-653XWOS:000580512400003Facebook addiction is a growing issue that has increasingly attracted the attention of clinicians and researchers in a variety of countries and cultures. Relying on the Cognitive-Behavioral Model for Pathological Internet Use, and in a sample of Turkish undergraduates, we investigate whether mindfulness might account for how self-esteem and psychological problems (depression, anxiety, and stress) connect to Facebook addiction. A total of 298 college students completed measures of Facebook addiction, self-esteem, mindfulness and psychological problems, which we analyzed using path analysis, testing various models of how Facebook addiction might be predicted by these factors. We found that Facebook addiction was positively associated with psychological problems and negatively associated with self-esteem and mindfulness, with mindfulness fully accounting for the association between psychological problems, self-esteem and Facebook addiction. These results support the role of mindfulness in the prevention of Facebook addiction and the treatment of addicted individuals. This study also helps clarify previous research connecting mindfulness to Internet addiction, and extends those findings cross-culturally to a Turkish context

Tears evoke the intention to offer social support: A systematic investigation of the interpersonal effects of emotional crying across 41 countries

Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and likely uniquely human phenomenon. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue by evoking social support intentions. Initial experimental studies supported this proposition across several methodologies, but these were conducted almost exclusively on participants from North America and Europe, resulting in limited generalizability. This project examined the tears-social support intentions effect and possible mediating and moderating variables in a fully pre-registered study across 7007 participants (24,886 ratings) and 41 countries spanning all populated continents. Participants were presented with four pictures out of 100 possible targets with or without digitally-added tears. We confirmed the main prediction that seeing a tearful individual elicits the intention to support, d = 0.49 [0.43, 0.55]. Our data suggest that this effect could be mediated by perceiving the crying target as warmer and more helpless, feeling more connected, as well as feeling more empathic concern for the crier, but not by an increase in personal distress of the observer. The effect was moderated by the situational valence, identifying the target as part of one's group, and trait empathic concern. A neutral situation, high trait empathic concern, and low identification increased the effect. We observed high heterogeneity across countries that was, via split-half validation, best explained by country-level GDP per capita and subjective well-being with stronger effects for higher-scoring countries. These findings suggest that tears can function as social glue, providing one possible explanation why emotional crying persists into adulthood