Au sujet de la communication de MM. Verge, Saurat, Groulade, Gaumont, Renard et Cauchy sur le traitement des mammites des vaches laitières par la pénicilline

Darrou . Au sujet de la communication de MM. Verge, Saurat, Groulade, Gaumont, Renard et Cauchy sur le traitement des mammites des Vaches laitières par la pénicilline. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 102 n°2, 1949. pp. 100-102

Annual Research Review: Child and adolescent mental health interventions: a review of progress in economic studies across different disorders

Background: Resources for supporting children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders continue to be scarce. Economics research can identify current patterns of expenditure, and help inform allocation of treatment and support resources between competing needs or uses. Scope and methods: The aim was to identify the costs of supporting children and adolescents, the economic impacts of childhood psychiatric disorders in adulthood and any new evidence on the cost-effectiveness of interventions. An electronic search of databases (including PubMed, Medline and Psychinfo) identified peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2005 and 2012. Findings: Sixty-seven papers provided data on support and treatment costs now or in the future, or cost-effectiveness analyses of services. Half the articles came from the United States. Most articles focussed on autism spectrum disorder (ASD; 23 articles), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 15), conduct disorder (CD; n = 7), and anxiety or depression (n = 8). Conclusion: Only 14 studies used a cost perspective wider than health care; most included education costs (n = 11), but only five included costs to the justice system. The number of studies estimating costs to the family has increased, particularly for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the United Kingdom, support costs for children and adolescents with conduct disorder (CD) appear to be lower than for those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although for the United States, the opposite may be true. Support costs for children and adolescents with ASD may be higher than both CD and ADHD. However, there were many differences between the samples and the methods employed making comparisons between studies difficult. Outcomes in adulthood include negative impacts on (mental) health, quality of life, public sector services, employment status and income. The evidence base is improving for child and adolescent psychiatric disorders, although only one full cost-effectiveness analysis was identified since the previous review published in 2012. However, we still do not know enough about the economic implications of support and treatment for specific disorders

Exploiting water contaminants: In-situ electrochemical generation of ferrates using ambient raw water iron (Fe2+)

Many complexities arise when applying conventional water treatment processes to small and remote systems. A significant challenge is the difficulty and impracticality of supplying chemicals needed for oxidation processes. A burgeoning, yet currently under-utilised, type of treatment are electrochemical technologies, which are receiving considerable research attention and innovation at present. In particular, through the advancement of high oxygen overpotential electrodes, the ability to synthesise highly oxidative chemical species under circumneutral pH conditions has become possible. In this study, the generation of highly oxidative iron-based species, specifically ferrate (Fe6+), has been explored utilising a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode and low concentrations of Fe2+ typically found in raw water, thereby eliminating the chemical supply chain required for conventional oxidation processes. Electrochemical ferrate generation experiments were performed in a batch-recycle configuration and were found to be mass transfer limited, whereby the rate-limiting step was the diffusion of Fe2+ to the electrode surface. This was evidenced by very little variation in ferrate generation at the three current densities tested, specifically 3.1 ± 0.2, 2.6 ± 0.2 and 3.3 ± 0.2 μM were generated at 10, 40 and 80 mA/cm2, respectively. Measured Fe6+ concentrations correlated well with those predicted by a mathematical process model, which assumed a completely mass transport limited process. While cyclic voltammetry confirmed ferrate generation by direct oxidation at the BDD surface, the contribution of hydroxyl radicals was indicated by the presence and absence of methanol, an radical dotOH scavenger, with ferrate generation decreased by greater than 50 % with methanol, compared to non-scavenged experiments. The results provide one of the first quantitative studies regarding the oxidation mechanisms of ferrate generation by electro-oxidation, and the first example of ferrate generation at circumneutral pH from Fe2+ at levels representative of raw water

Systematic review of tools to measure outcomes for young children with autism spectrum disorder

Background: The needs of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are complex and this is reflected in the number and diversity of outcomes assessed and measurement tools used to collect evidence about children's progress. Relevant outcomes include improvement in core ASD impairments, such as communication, social awareness, sensory sensitivities and repetitiveness, skills such as social functioning and play, participation outcomes such as social inclusion, and parent and family impact. Objectives: To examine the measurement properties of tools used to measure progress and outcomes in children with ASD up to the age of 6 years. To identify outcome areas regarded as important by people with ASD and parents. Methods: The MeASURe (Measurement in Autism Spectrum disorder Under Review) research collaboration included ASD experts and review methodologists. We undertook systematic review of tools used in ASD early intervention and observational studies from 1992 to 2013, systematic review, using the COSMIN checklist (Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments) of papers addressing the measurement properties of identified tools in children with ASD, and synthesis of evidence and gaps. The review design and process was informed throughout by consultation with stakeholders including parents, young people with ASD, clinicians and researchers. Results: The conceptual framework developed for the review was drawn from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, including the domains 'Impairments', 'Activity Level Indicators', 'Participation', and 'Family Measures'. In review 1, 10,154 papers were sifted - 3091 by full text - and data extracted from 184, in total, 131 tools were identified, excluding observational coding, study-specific measures and those not in English. In review 2, 2665 papers were sifted and data concerning measurement properties of 57 (43%) tools were extracted from 128 papers. Evidence for the measurement properties of the reviewed tools was combined with information about their accessibility and presentation. Twelve tools were identified as having the strongest supporting evidence, the majority measuring autism characteristics and problem behaviour. The patchy evidence and limited scope of outcomes measured mean these tools do not constitute a 'recommended battery' for use. In particular,there is little evidence that the identified tools would be good at detecting change in intervention studies. The obvious gaps in available outcome measurement include well-being and participation outcomes for children, and family quality-of-life outcomes, domains particularly valued by our informants (young people with ASD and parents). Conclusions: This is the first systematic review of the quality and appropriateness of tools designed to monitor progress and outcomes of young children with ASD. Although it was not possible to recommend fully robust tools at this stage, the review consolidates what is known about the field and will act as a benchmark for future developments. With input from parents and other stakeholders, recommendations are made about priority targets for research. Future work: Priorities include development of a tool to measure child quality of life in ASD, and validation of a potential primary outcome tool for trials of early social communication intervention. Study registration: This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42012002223. Funding: The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme

Modélisation longitudinale de l’usage d’un réseau de transport collectif

«RÉSUMÉ: La compréhension des évolutions de la fréquentation d’un réseau de transport en commun est une caractéristique importante dans la gestion d’une société de transport collectif. Avoir une prévision de l’achalandage futur sur un réseau de transport permet d’anticiper les changements et ainsi d’adapter l’offre à la demande. Suite à des augmentations de l’achalandage à sein du réseau de la Société de transport de l’Outaouais (STO - Gatineau, Québec, CA), le besoin pouvoir prévoir l’évolution de l’achalandage futur a été formulé. L’objectif de ce mémoire est de comprendre et d’estimer les évolutions de la fréquentation du réseau de bus à moyen terme. Sans un modèle de prévision de l’achalandage, il est difficile d’identifier et principalement de quantifier l’effet des facteurs influençant la demande. Aucune décision stratégique ne peut donc être prise avec certitude. La problématique majeure concerne l’anticipation d’acquisition de ressources matérielles et humaines. Un modèle de prévision longitudinale de la fréquentation du réseau de transport est donc mis en place dans ce mémoire.» et «----------ABSTRACT:Understanding the evolution of ridership on a transit system is an important feature in the management of a public transit company. Having a forecast of future ridership on a transit system allows to anticipate changes and thus to adapt the level of supply to the demand. The Société de transport de l'Outaouais (STO - Gatineau, Quebec, CA) has expressed the need to forecast ridership on its network. The objective of this paper is to understand and estimate the evolution of the bus network ridership in the medium term. Without a ridership forecasting model, it is difficult to identify and primarily quantify the effect of factors influencing demand. Therefore, no strategic decision can be made with certainty. The main problem concerns the anticipation of the acquisition of material and human resources. A longitudinal forecasting model of the transport network's use is therefore implemented in this research. The development of a longitudinal forecasting model suited for the study area is determined by comparing several models to determine the most relevant one. The study is organized around several steps. The literature review identifies a panel of potential models. The retrospective analysis of transit demand and indicators of the Gatineau region confirms which forecasting models are to be estimated and the explanatory factors to be used. These models are then implemented at three different levels of aggregation: the overall network, the municipal sectors and a specific level of aggregation determined to meet the project objectives. The performances of the forecasting models are then compared to determine the most appropriate for the network in question.

Inventaire des instruments de mesures de capacité en pierre et autres matières (France)

Darrou Germain. Inventaire des instruments de mesures de capacité en pierre et autres matières (France). In: École pratique des hautes études. 4e section, sciences historiques et philologiques. Livret 11. 1995-1996. 1997. pp. 276-280

Les pierres de mesure ou pierres de capacité

Darrou Germain. Les pierres de mesure ou pierres de capacité . In: Histoire & Mesure, 1986 volume 1 - n°3-4. Varia. pp. 264-265

Les pierres de mesure ou pierres de capacité

Darrou Germain. Les pierres de mesure ou pierres de capacité . In: Histoire & Mesure, 1986 volume 1 - n°3-4. Varia. pp. 264-265

Stabilité et changement chez l'enfant avec autisme entre 5 et 8 ans (aspects cliniques, adaptatifs et linguistiques)

L autisme est très probablement un trouble neuro-développemental qui se manifeste dès les trois premières années de vie de l enfant et se caractérise par des altérations de la communication, de la socialisation et des intérêts mais également par l hétérogénéité de ses manifestations cliniques. La psychopathologie développementale a permis de donner un cadre conceptuel à notre travail : les objectifs sont d identifier les différentes trajectoires développementales et les facteurs pronostiques de l évolution de 208 enfants âgés entre 5 et 8 ans. La première partie a permis de repérer la stabilité ou le changement des caractéristiques adaptatives, symptomatiques et linguistiques et d identifier des facteurs pronostiques de l évolution de l intensité symptomatique et de l autonomie dans la vie quotidienne. La seconde partie de notre travail a plus précisément mis en évidence quatre trajectoires développementales ainsi que deux facteurs de risque et de protection dans le cas d une mauvaise évolution. Dans un dernier temps enfin, une analyse clinique a montré qu'un même tableau clinique initial peut donner lieu à des trajectoires développementales tout à fait différentes.Autism is probably a neuro-developmental disorder manifested in the three first years of the child s life and characterised by communication, socialization and interests distortions and also by its heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Developmental psychopathology permitted to give our work a conceptual framework : the aims are to identify different developmental trajectories and to determine the predictive factors of evolution of 208 children aged from 5 to 8 years. The first part permitted to locate stability and changes of adaptative, symptomatic, and linguistic characteristics, and to identify predictive factors of the evolution of symptomatic intensity and autonomy in daily living. The second part of our work showed with more precision four developmental trajectories and two risk and protection factors in the case/event of a bad evolution. Finally, a clinical analysis showed that a same initial clinical table can generate very different developmental trajectories.MONTPELLIER-BU Lettres (341722103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Transmission saisonnière du paludisme à Dakar (Sénégal) (incidence sur le portage des parasites)

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF