A Comparison of a Literature Based Approach with a Textbook Based Approach in Secondary Social Studies

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of using a literature based approach to instruction with a traditional textbook based approach in the content area of social studies. The study was performed at the secondary level, with eleventh grade students, in a four week unit on the Civil War and period of Reconstruction in United States history. A treatment and control group were used in a pretest – posttest design. The sample consisted of 50 students. One class (n = 26) was instructed through the use of a literature based approach. The other class (n = 24) was instructed through the use of school adopted textbook and textbook published materials. Both classes were taught by the same instructor and were equated using a pretest to determine the amount of previous knowledge of the subject studied. Students were administered a posttest at the end of the four week unit. Questions on the test were drawn from previously given Regents exams. The data were analyzed at the .05 level of significance using t test of independent means. The overall mean gains for the literature based group were significant. It was concluded the literature based instructional approach more effectively conveyed information, knowledge and understandings necessary for students to perform better on the Regents exam type posttest. Suggestions for classroom applications and implications for further study were discussed

Incorporating Scripts with Cooperative Learning to Promote Critical Thinking Skills in Secondary Science

A drastic growth of scientific and technological advancements in the 21st century have allowed for new jobs with innovative processes that require individuals who possess the ability to think deductively, reason through problems, and obtain information that can support the potential solutions to these problems. Many of the technological advancements have reduced the necessity to only memorize rote facts; rather, much of this information can be found through a quick internet search. What is needed, therefore, is education which requires students to think deeper than before – to examine new information through a more critical lens. The purpose of this research study is to investigate how the introduction of collaborative scripts into the cooperative learning of students in a secondary science classroom impacts critical thinking skills. A quasi-experimental non-equivalent control-group design was implemented. The sample was drawn from eight sections of ninth grade science at a secondary public school in a northeastern state. Students engaged in project-based learning with cooperation with peers on an inquiry-based science lesson with phenomena. The experimental group was presented with scripts to begin asking thoughtful questions of peers about the phenomena being studied. The control group was instructed to engage in peer discourse as they normally would. The CCT-X was administered to all participants as a pretest and posttest. The data was analyzed via ANCOVA testing. Although a greater improvement in scores can be seen in the group that was exposed to the cooperative scripts, the results were not statistically significant. Future recommendations were identified, such as recruiting a larger sample size, implementing a longer duration for the intervention of collaborative scripts, and considering a new instrument for measuring critical thinking skills

The Public Papers of Governor Lawrence W. Wetherby, 1950-1955

This volume preserves the public papers and letters from the five-year period when Lawrence W. Wetherby was governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Relatively little of this material has been available heretofore to the general public. And its inaccessibility may explain why the Wetherby administration has yet to be fully appreciated even by historians and political scientists. The years 1950 through 1955 offered problems and opportunities that made being governor both a challenge and a joy. It was a period of economic growth fostered by the artificial stimulus of the Korean War, and sudden economic readjustment when the war ended, that resulted in financial problems for Kentucky’s government. There was depression in the important coal industry that caused a mass exodus of people from eastern Kentucky. A brief drought impaired agricultural production. While President Harry Truman had been quite solicitous of the state’s needs, the new Republican administration in Washington was less so. Yet, of a positive nature, there was an influx of tourists, a concerted effort to diversify the state’s economic base through industrialization, and an attempt to mitigate a characteristic isolation both within and without through the construction of toll roads and rural highways. The papers in this volume reflect the thought of Kentucky’s executive branch on all of these issues. John E. Kleber is professor emeritus of history at Morehead State University. He has served as director of the Academic Honors Program (1973-1988) and interim dean of the Caudill College of Humanities (1993-1995). Kleber received both the Outstanding Teacher (1982) and Distinguished Researcher (1993) Awards from Morehead State. He was given the Outstanding Service Medal by the United States Army (1971), the Governor\u27s Outstanding Kentuckian Award (1992), and the Catholic Alumni Award by the Archdiocese of Louisville (2002). He is the editor of six books, including The Kentucky Encyclopedia, A Home for Children: A History of Brooklawn, and Thomas D. Clark of Kentucky: An Uncommon Life in the Commonwealth.https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_political_science_papers/1007/thumbnail.jp

Bis(4-methyl-N-{(2Z,4E)-4-[(4-methyl­phen­yl)imino]­pent-2-en-2-yl}anilinido)zinc

The title compound, [Zn(C19H21N2)2], appears to be the first example of a zinc complex supported by two β-diketiminate (nacnac) ligands. This complex crystallizes with a distorted tetra­hedrally coordinated ZnII atom that diposes the two nacnac ligands approximately orthogonally to one another [angle between the two N—Zn—N mean planes is 89.91 (10)°], with average Zn—N bond lengths of 1.992 (4) Å

Home and Business Energy Reduction

Course Code: ENR/AEDE 4567The focus of our project is to reduce energy consumption community-wide by 20% over the next five years within the residential and commercial sectors. This 20% reduction is a goal within Green Memo III, set forth by the City of Columbus and Mayor Michael B. Coleman. Focusing on five objectives, we conducted research, gathered data on best practices from cities that have been making strides in this area, reached out to key energy providers, and provided a cost-benefit analysis on the financial feasibility of our goals. We hope to advise Columbus decision makers on how to effectively target homes and commercial buildings in order to market energy efficiency programs. We believe these programs will effectively reduce overall energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the City of Columbus.Academic Major: Environment, Economy, Development, and Sustainabilit

Identification. The missing link between joint attention and imitation

In this paper we outline our hypothesis that human intersubjective engagement entails identifying with other people. We tested a prediction derived from this hypothesis that concerned the relation between a component of joint attention and a specific form of imitation. The empirical investigation involved “blind” ratings of videotapes from a recent study in which we tested matched children with and without autism for their propensity to imitate the self-/other-orientated aspects of another person's actions. The results were in keeping with three a priori predictions, as follows: (a) children with autism contrasted with control participants in spending more time looking at the objects acted upon and less time looking at the tester; (b) participants with autism showed fewer “sharing” looks toward the tester, and although they also showed fewer “checking” and “orientating” looks, they were specifically less likely to show any sharing looks; and, critically, (c) within each group, individual differences in sharing looks (only) were associated with imitation of self–other orientation. We suggest that the propensity to adopt the bodily anchored psychological stance of another person is essential to certain forms of joint attention and imitation, and that a weak tendency to identify with others is pivotal for the developmental psychopathology of autism

Reaction of Bulky Main Group Metal (Ii) Amides with Polyfunctional Phenol Substrates

The purpose of this study was to afford the selective protection of one functional group in the presence of others. This is an important process in synthetic chemistry. Several types of silylating agents have been reported for the protection of hydroxyl groups, with limited selectivity, harsh reaction conditions and long reaction times. In an attempt to increase silylation power and limit the complexity and harshness of these reactions we have developed a novel method using mild conditions to achieve silylation of one or two hydroxyl groups. Silyaltion reactions were investigated for the reaction between 3,3'-disubstituted-1,1'-bi-2,2'-napthol and various metal(II) amides. These reactions were monitored using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Studies were also done involving the reaction of Ge[N(SiMe3)2]2 with calix[4], [6] and [8]arenes. Results were confirmed via 1H-NMR and X-ray CrystallographyFindings and Conclusions: We have developed a novel method using metal (II) amides under mild conditions to achieve silylation of one or two hydroxyl groups with reaction times ranging from 10min-24hrs. Variation of the metal furnished different rates of reaction. The general trend in reaction rate was monitored by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and decreases in the order M= Be>Zn>Ge>Mg, with no observable silylated products using Sn, Pb or Ca amides. Reactions employing a mercury (II) amide resulted in an unexpected outcome involving cyclization via formation of a C-O bond. The reaction of germanium (II) amide with calix[4], calix[6] and calix[8]arenes resulted in the formation of compounds containing germanium rhombi as well as the formation of a unique compound containing unusual diamidosilyl ether groups.Chemistry Departmen

Spin Exchange Interaction in Substituted Copper Phthalocyanine Crystalline Thin Films

All rights reserved. The origins of spin exchange in crystalline thin films of Copper Octabutoxy Phthalocyanine (Cu-OBPc) are investigated using Magnetic Circular Dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy. These studies are made possible by a solution deposition technique which produces highly ordered films with macroscopic grain sizes suitable for optical studies. For temperatures lower than 2K, the contribution of a specific state in the valence band manifold originating from the hybridized lone pair in nitrogen orbitals of the Phthalocyanine ring, bears the Brillouin-like signature of an exchange interaction with the localized d-shell Cu spins. A comprehensive MCD spectral analysis coupled with a molecular field model of a σπ-d exchange analogous to sp-d interactions in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors (DMS) renders an enhanced Zeeman splitting and a modified g-factor of -4 for the electrons that mediate the interaction. These studies define an experimental tool for identifying electronic states involved in spin-dependent exchange interactions in organic materials

Early Indicators of Autism Spectrum Disorders in the Second Year of Life

Three groups of 18 children were selected for this study, one group with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), one group with developmental delays in which ASD was ruled out (DD), and one group with typical development (TD), from a pool of 3026 children who were screened with the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile (CSBS DP, Wetherby & Prizant, 2002) Infant-Toddler Checklist under 24 months of age. The CSBS DP Behavior Sample was videotaped on selected children as a second-level evaluation during the second year of life. The Infant-Toddler Checklist had a sensitivity and specificity of 88.9% for this sample of children. Significant group differences were found on the Infant-Toddler Checklist and the Behavior Sample, however, these differences did not distinguish children with ASD and DD with high accuracy. The videotapes of the Behavior Sample were reanalyzed to identify red flags of ASD. Nine red flags differentiated children in the ASD group from both the DD and TD groups and four red flags differentiated children in the ASD Group from the TD group but not the DD group. These 13 red flags were found to discriminate the three groups with a correct classification rate of 94.4%.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44624/1/10803_2004_Article_492544.pd