2,780 research outputs found
Cannabinoids And The Cholinergic System
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97200/1/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02602.x.pd
Interactive lectures: Clickers or personal devices?
Audience response systems (âclickersâ) are frequently used to promote participation in large lecture classes, and evidence suggests that they convey a number of benefits to students, including improved academic performance and student satisfaction. The limitations of these systems (such as limited access and cost) can be overcome using studentsâ personal electronic devices, such as mobile phones, tablets and laptops together with text message, web- or app-based polling systems. Using questionnaires, we compare student perceptions of clicker and smartphone based polling systems. We find that students prefer interactive lectures generally, but those that used their own device preferred those lectures over lectures using clickers. However, device users were more likely to report using their devices for other purposes (checking email, social media etc.) when they were available to answer polling questions. These students did not feel that this distracted them from the lecture, instead, concerns over the use of smartphones centred around increased battery usage and inclusivity for students without access to suitable technology. Our results suggest that students generally preferred to use their own devices over clickers, and that this may be a sensible way to overcome some of the limitations associated with clickers, although issues surrounding levels of distraction and the implications for retention and recall of information need further investigation
Altering an extended phenotype reduces intraspecific male aggression and can maintain diversity in cichlid fish
Reduced male aggression towards different phenotypes generating negative frequency-dependent intrasexual selection has been suggested as a mechanism to facilitate the invasion and maintenance of novel phenotypes in a population. To date, the best empirical evidence for the phenomenon has been provided by laboratory studies on cichlid fish with different colour polymorphisms. Here we experimentally tested the hypothesis in a natural population of Lake Malawi cichlid fish, in which males build sand-castles (bowers) to attract females during seasonal leks. We predicted that if bower shape plays an important role in male aggressive interactions, aggression among conspecific males should decrease when their bower shape is altered. Accordingly, we allocated randomly chosen bowers in a Nyassachromis cf. microcephalus lek into three treatments: control, manipulated to a different shape, and simulated manipulation. We then measured male behaviours and bower shape before and after these treatments. We found that once bower shape was altered, males were involved in significantly fewer aggressive interactions with conspecific males than before manipulation. Mating success was not affected. Our results support the idea that an extended phenotype, such as bower shape, can be important in maintaining polymorphic populations. Specifically, reduced male conspecific aggression towards males with different extended phenotypes (here, bower shapes) may cause negative frequency-dependent selection, allowing the invasion and establishment of a new phenotype (bower builder). This could help our understanding of mechanisms of diversification within populations, and in particular, the overall diversification of bower shapes within Lake Malawi cichlids
Ketamine kinetics in unmedicated and diazepamâpremedicated subjects
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109775/1/cptclpt1984235.pd
Crime as Cognitive Constraint: Facebook\u27s Role in Myanmar\u27s Incitement Landscape and the Promise of International Tort Liability
Is Facebookâs role in the spread of incitement in Myanmar criminal? In 2018, the United Nations Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar (FFM) described Facebookâs âsignificant roleâ in the spread of incitement to discrimination and violence against Myanmarâs Rohingya Muslims.2 Although the FFM described in detail the speakersâ responsibility for the Facebook posts, the precise nature of Facebookâs responsibility in moderating (or failing to moderate) harmful content was unclear
Multivariate cumulants in outlier detection for financial data analysis
There are many research papers yielding the financial data models, where
returns are tied either to the fundamental analysis or to the individual, often
irrational, behaviour of investors. In the second case the bubble followed by
the crisis is possible on the market. Such bubble or crisis is reflected by the
cross-correlated extreme positive or negative returns of many assets. Such
returns are modelled by the copula with the meaningful tail dependencies. The
typical model of such cross-correlation provides the t-Student copula. The
author demonstrates that the mutual information tied to this copula can be
measured by the 4th order multivariate cumulants. Tested on the artificial
data, the 4th order multivariate cumulant approach was used successfully for
the financial crisis detection. For this end the author introduces the outliers
detection algorithm. In addition this algorithm displays the potential
application for the crisis prediction, where the cross-correlated extreme
events may appear before the crisis in the analogy to the auto-correlated ones
measured by the Hurst Exponent
Opioid Modulation of Oxytocin Release
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97182/1/0091270010361256.pd
- âŠ