Análisis de la interacción Mar-Tierra como base de la gestión de zonas costeras: estudio comparativo entre Argentina y Uruguay

La tierra y el mar están inherentemente conectados a través de múltiples y complejas interacciones socioecológicas que influyen en el sustento y bienestar de las personas. Mediante una aproximación metodológica interdisciplinaria y el análisis de un caso regional comparativo entre la costa Sur de Mar del Plata (Argentina) y la costa Oeste de Montevideo (Uruguay), se plantean la identificación de usos terrestres y marinos con implicancias mutuas, registrar estas interacciones analizando su grado de compatibilidad y, comparar analíticamente los resultados. Ambas áreas de estudio presentaron similares usos y actividades T- M, así como la proporción de interacciones positivas y conflictivas. El análisis de los aspectos comunes permitió identificar que los conflictos medios se relacionan con la coexistencia espacial y temporal de usos y actividades costero-marinas. Las diferencias, se manifestaron por actividades desarrolladas en un área y no en otra, por la modalidad y tipología de desarrollo o porque no se registraron temporal y espacialmente interacciones comunes. La investigación aportó a la construcción de consensos conceptuales y metodológicos sobre las interacciones T-M-T. Estas fueron aplicadas respectivamente en tierra y en el mar, en ambos estudios de casos piloto.Land and sea are inherently connected through multiple and complex socioecological interactions that influence people's livelihoods and well-being. Through an interdisciplinary methodological approach and the analysis of a comparative regional case between the south coast of Mar del Plata (Argentina) and the west coast of Montevideo (Uruguay), the aim is to identify land and marine uses with mutual implications, to record these interactions by analyzing their degree of compatibility, and to analytically compare the results. Both study areas presented similar uses and T-M activities, as well as the proportion of positive and conflicting interactions. The analysis of the common aspects allowed us to identify that the average conflicts are related to the spatial and temporal coexistence of coastal-marine uses and activities. The differences were manifested by activities developed in one area and not in another, by the modality and typology of development or because common interactions were not recorded temporally and spatially. The research contributed to the construction of conceptual and methodological consensus on T-M-T interactions. These were applied respectively on land and at sea, in both pilot case studies.Fil: Echeverría, Luciana. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Verón, Eleonora Marta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Medina, Mercedes. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Socrate, Juliana. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Humanidades. Departamento de Geografía. Centro de Investigaciones Geográficas Socio-ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez, M. Victoria. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Garcia, Monica Cristina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Humanidades. Departamento de Geografía. Centro de Investigaciones Geográficas Socio-ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Melisa. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Pérez Brum, William. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Camiolo, Martina Daniela. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Humanidades; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Vallvé, Elena. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Jaureguizar, Andrés Javier. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Caporale, Marcela. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Machain, Tiago. Universidad de la República; Urugua

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Space omics research in Europe: contributions, geographical distribution and ESA member state funding schemes

18 p.-3 fig.-1 graph. abst.The European research community, via European Space Agency (ESA) spaceflight opportunities, has significantly contributed towards our current understanding of spaceflight biology. Recent molecular biology experiments include “omic” analysis, which provides a holistic and systems level understanding of the mechanisms underlying phenotypic adaptation. Despite vast interest in, and the immense quantity of biological information gained from space omics research, the knowledge of ESA-related space omics works as a collective remains poorly defined due to the recent exponential application of omics approaches in space and the limited search capabilities of pre-existing records. Thus, a review of such contributions is necessary to clarify and promote the development of space omics among ESA and ESA state members. To address this gap, in this review we: i) identified and summarised omics works led by European researchers, ii) geographically described these omics works, and iii) highlighted potential caveats in complex funding scenarios among ESA member states.All listed authors are members of the ESA Space Omics Topical Team, funded by the ESA grant/contract 4000131202/20/NL/PG/pt “Space Omics: Towards an integrated ESA/NASA –omics database for spaceflight and ground facilities experiments” awarded to RH, which was the main funding source for this work. Individual authors also acknowledge support from: the Medical Research Council part of a Skills Development Fellowship [grant number MR/T026014/1] awarded to CSD; the Spanish CAM TALENTO program project 2020-5A_BIO-19724 to MAFR; the Spanish Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Desarrollo Tecnológico Grant RTI2018-099309-B-I00 to FJM, the Swedish Research Council VR grant 2020-04864 to SG and the French Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales grant DAR 2020-4800001004, 2021-4800001117 to ECD. This research was also funded in part by the Wellcome Trust [110182/Z/15/Z] to KS.Peer reviewe

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Enhancing European capabilities for application of multi-omics studies in biology and biomedicine space research

Following on from the NASA twins’ study, there has been a tremendous interest in the use of omics techniques in spaceflight. Individual space agencies, NASA’s GeneLab, JAXA's ibSLS, and the ESA-funded Space Omics Topical Team and the International Standards for Space Omics Processing (ISSOP) groups have established several initiatives to support this growth. Here, we present recommendations from the Space Omics Topical Team to promote standard application of space omics in Europe. We focus on four main themes: i) continued participation in and coordination with international omics endeavors, ii) strengthening of the European space omics infrastructure including workforce and facilities, iii) capitalizing on the emerging opportunities in the commercial space sector, and iv) capitalizing on the emerging opportunities in human subjects research

Space omics research in Europe: Contributions, geographical distribution and ESA member state funding schemes

The European research community, via European Space Agency (ESA) spaceflight opportunities, has significantly contributed toward our current understanding of spaceflight biology. Recent molecular biology experiments include “omic” analysis, which provides a holistic and systems level understanding of the mechanisms underlying phenotypic adaptation. Despite vast interest in, and the immense quantity of biological information gained from space omics research, the knowledge of ESA-related space omics works as a collective remains poorly defined due to the recent exponential application of omics approaches in space and the limited search capabilities of pre-existing records. Thus, a review of such contributions is necessary to clarify and promote the development of space omics among ESA and ESA state members. To address this gap, in this review, we i) identified and summarized omics works led by European researchers, ii) geographically described these omics works, and iii) highlighted potential caveats in complex funding scenarios among ESA member states

FULL Investiga Enero a Junio 2020 Número 1

Contiene: A propósito del coronavirus: pandemia o acontecimiento / Carol Fernandez Jaimes -- Desarrollo de nuevos materiales en el contexto de la IV Revolución Industrial y sus efectos en el COVID-19 / Jesús Manuel Gutiérrez Bernal -- El virus que coronó la vulnerabilidad de la formación remota en la educación Chilena y Colombiana” / Marcelo Palominos Bastias, Lupe García Cano y Víctor Martínez Gutiérrez -- Intuiciones psicosociales sobre la pandemia en el Siglo XXI / Rocío Venegas Luque -- Pensar la economía en tiempos de crisis / Oscar Esteban Morillo Martínez -- Acercamiento al concepto de educación superior en el marco normativo de la educación inclusiva en Colombia / Jose Escobar Romero -- Educación para la paz y la resiliencia en infancias vulneradas, fase II / Ana Dolores Gómez Romero -- Fútbol, de la mediatización global al lavado deportivo / Luis Francisco Buitrago -- Antea, proyecto de investigación que pone en reto a la comunicación como escenario para la transformación ambiental / Janneth Arley Palacios Chavarro -- Del desarrollo económico al desarrollo sos- tenible y el papel de la educación ambiental / Gloria Castaño-Camacho y Rosa Eugenia Reyes Gil -- Investigación en el ámbito turístico y gastronómico / Jesús Alexis Barón Chivara y Sandra Patricia Cote Daza -- Mercado de trabajo y empleabilidad de los profesionales en Colombia / Orlando Salinas Gómez -- El rol de la investigación contable en la academia y la sociedad / Paula Andrea Navarro Pérez -- Hacia la formación competitiva y de desarrollo empresarial / Melva Inés Gómez Caicedo y Diana Geraldine Jiménez García -- El comercio internacional como motor del crecimiento económico / José Vidal Castaño Ramírez -- Hacia el concepto transformacional de la educación superior inclusiva en el contexto colombiano / Castelblanco Daniela, Coronado Laura, Jiménez Wendy, Ocampo Yessica, Pachón Jose, Reyes María, Sánchez Vanesa -- La Inteligencia Artificial como quehacer investigativo y de formación al servicio de la humanidad en el seno del Semillero SofIA / Lucy Nohemy Medina Velandia -- “Un nuevo mundo”. Historieta ilustrada sobre el COVID-19 -- Camilo Rojas Zapata.Fundación Universitaria los Libertadore

Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species

Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict thatmost of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century