Effects of vortioxetine in animal model of migraine

Увод: Мигрена је препозната као један од водећих здравствених проблема на глобалном нивоу, јер је праћена онеспособљеношћу и нарушеним квалитетом живота оболелих. Преко 50% пацијената са мигреном није задовољно својим лечењем. Постоје докази о ефикасности антидепресива, посебно оних са мултимодалним дејством (амитриптилин), и препоруке за њихову примену у профилакси мигренозне главобоље. Вортиоксетин је нови мултимодални антидепресив са недавно постулираним аналгетским својствима. Циљ рада: 1) Испитати аналгетску ефикасност вортиоксетина у поређењу са суматриптаном након пероралне акутне примене у моделу акутне мигренозне главобоље; 2) Испитати аналгетску ефикасност вортиоксетина у поређењу са пропранололом након поновљене профилактичке пероралне примене у моделу хроничне мигрене. Материјал и методе: Модел акутне мигренозне главобоље постављен је акутном применом нитроглицерина (10 mg/kg, интраперитонеално), док је модел хроничне мигрене постављен поновљеном, интермитентном применом нитроглицерина, сваког другог дана у деветодневним циклусима код мужјака мишева C57BL/6 соја. Поновљена примена нитроглицерина доводи до развоја хроничне базалне и акутне болне преосетљивости. За процену развоја болне преосетљивости, као и антиноцицептивног дејства испитиваних третмана, коришћени су тестови провоцираног болног понашања (von Frey тест – механички стимулус и орофацијални глутаматни тест – хемијски стимулус), као и тест непровоцираног болног понашања (тест копања), који је уједно одраз опште добробити животиња. Добијени резултати анализирани су применом једнофакторске/двофакторске ANOVA-е (уз Tukey post hoc анализу). Резултати: У моделу акутне мигренозне главобоље забележен је статистички значајан, упоредив (von Frey тест) или већи (орофацијални глутаматни тест) антиноцицептивни ефекат вортиоксетина у односу на суматриптан. У моделу хроничне мигрене показан је статистички значајан, упоредив (von Frey тест – базална преосетљивост, орофацијални глутаматни тест и тест копања) или већи (von Frey тест – акутна преосетљивост) антиноцицептивни ефекат вортиоксетина у односу на пропранолол. Закључак: Приказани резултати указују да је вортиоксетин је барем поредбено ефикасан као и референтни лекови за контролу мигренозних атака/профилаксу мигрене, што је налаз од могућег клиничког значаја.Introduction: Мigraine is recognized as a global health issue, responsible for high population levels of disability and impaired well-being. Above 50% of migraine sufferers are not satisfied with their pain relief strategies. There is evidence of antidepressants’ efficacy, especially those with multimodal action (amitriptyline), and recommendations for their use in migraine prophylaxis. Vortioxetine is a novel multimodal antidepressant with recently postulated analgesic properties. The Aim: 1) To examine the efficacy of vortioxetine compared to sumatriptan after acute oral administration in a migraine attack model; and 2) to examine the efficacy of vortioxetine compared to propranolol after repeated prophylactic oral administration in a chronic migraine model. Material and Methods: The model of a migraine attack was established by acute nitroglycerin injection (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), whereas the model of chronic migraine was developed by repeated, intermittent administration of nitroglycerin, every other day, over 9 days in male mice, C57BL/6 strain. Repeated nitroglycerin administration causes chronic basal and acute hypersensitivity. To assess the development of painful hypersensitivity, and the antinociceptive effects of corresponding treatments, stimulus-evoked tests (von Frey test – mechanical stimulus; orofacial glutamate test – chemical stimulus), and non-evoked nociceptive test (burrowing test; also reflecting general animal welfare) were used. The results were analyzed by one-way/two-way ANOVA (Tukey post hoc analysis). Results: In the migraine attack model, statistically significant, comparable (von Frey test) or higher (orofacial glutamate test) antinociceptive effects of vortioxetine compared to sumatriptan was observed. In the chronic migraine model, vortioxetine showed statistically significant, comparable (von Frey test – basal hypersensitivity, orofacial glutamate and burrowing tests) or higher (von Frey test – acute hypersensitivity) antinociceptive effects compared to propranolol. Conclusion: The presented results imply that vortioxetine is at least comparably effective as selected referent drugs for migraine attack/migraine prophylaxis treatment, giving clinical importance to our findings

Morphological and biochemical characteristics of parsley (Pastinaca sativa L.) genotypes

Pastrnak (Pastinaca sativa L.) je aromatična biljna vrsta koja zbog svojih kvalitativnih osobina široku primenu nalazi u ljudskoj ishrani, kao i u medicinske svrhe. U radu su prikazani rezultati trogodišnjih ispitivanja (2011-2014.) četiri genotipa pastrnka selekcionisanih u Institutu za povrtarstvo Smederevska Palanka. Analizirane su sledeće morfološke osobine: prosečna masa korena, prosečna dužina, prečnik vrata i prečnik sredine korena. Hemijskom analizom određena je suva materija, ukupni minerali, ukupni šećeri i sadržaj vode. Ispitivane osobine odabranih genotipova poređene su sa standardnom sortom Podravski srednje dugi.Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.) is an aromatic plant species that, due to its qualitative properties, is widely used in human nutrition, as well as for medicinal purposes. The paper presents the results of three-year research (2011–2014) of four parsnip genotypes selected at the Institute for vegetable crops Smederevska Palanka. The following morphological characteristics were analyzed: average root mass, average length, diameter of the neck and diameter of the middle of the root. Dry matter, total minerals, total sugar and water content were determined by chemical analysis. The tested properties of the selected genotypes were compared with the standard Podravski medium-long variety

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

Comparable efficacy of vortioxetine and propranolol in the model of chronic migraine: gender impact

Хронична мигрена је онеспособљавајуће болно стање. Неретко је праћена психијатријским коморбидитетима, укључујући депресију. Трициклични антидепресиви, посебно амитриптилин, ефикасни су у профилакси мигрене. Вортиоксетин је нови мултимодални антидепресив са доказаном ефикасношћу у купирању тригеминалног бола.Chronic migraine is a disabling pain condition. It is commonly associated with psychiatric comorbidities such as depression. Tricyclic antidepressants, particularly amitriptyline, are effective in migraine prophylaxis. Vortioxetine is a novel multimodal antidepressant with proven efficacy against trigeminal pain

Image data compression based on discrete wavelet transformation

Image compression research aims at reducing the number of bits needed to represent an image by removing the spatial and spectral redundancies as much as possible. New algorithms for image compression based on wavelets have been developed. These methods have resulted in practical advances such as: lossless and lossy compression, progressive transmission by pixel, accuracy and resolution, region of interest coding and others. The various wavelet based image coding schemes are discussed in this paper. Each of these schemes finds use in different applications owing to their unique characteristics. The methods of lossy compression that we concentrated on are the following: the EZW algorithm, the SPIHT algorithm, the WDR algorithm, and the ASWDR algorithm. These are relatively recent algorithms which achieve some of the lowest errors per compression rate and highest perceptual quality yet reported. After describing these algorithms in detail, we show and discuss the experimental results obtained for three different types of images. We also showed that some important features of image, such as standard deviation and mean pixel intensity values, only slightly change after compression. This fact is very important in medical image compression

Image data compression based on discrete wavelet transformation

Image compression research aims at reducing the number of bits needed to represent an image by removing the spatial and spectral redundancies as much as possible. New algorithms for image compression based on wavelets have been developed. These methods have resulted in practical advances such as: lossless and lossy compression, progressive transmission by pixel, accuracy and resolution, region of interest coding and others. The various wavelet based image coding schemes are discussed in this paper. Each of these schemes finds use in different applications owing to their unique characteristics. The methods of lossy compression that we concentrated on are the following: the EZW algorithm, the SPIHT algorithm, the WDR algorithm, and the ASWDR algorithm. These are relatively recent algorithms which achieve some of the lowest errors per compression rate and highest perceptual quality yet reported. After describing these algorithms in detail, we show and discuss the experimental results obtained for three different types of images. We also showed that some important features of image, such as standard deviation and mean pixel intensity values, only slightly change after compression. This fact is very important in medical image compression

Association of I/D angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype with erythropoietin stimulation in kidney failure

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-gene polymorphism is a possible predisposing factor of erythropoietin response under hypoxic conditions. However, it is not completely clear whether the ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) genotype has an impact on anemia in patients with permanent kidney failure. A 9-month prospective trial was conducted on 53 patients on hemodialysis aimed at determining the beneficial effect of oral vs intravenous iron in anemia management with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo), and identifying a possible association of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism with the response to rHuEpo. Patients were randomly allocated to receive 50-100 mg daily of ferrous gluconate orally (N=26) or intravenously every two weeks (N=27), together with rHuEpo-beta (200 IU/kg) subcutaneously, to achieve a hemoglobin increase to 105 g/L; subsequently the rHuEpo dose was adjusted at one or two week intervals. In 34 patients who regularly received ACE-inhibitor (ACEi) medication, genotyping for ACE-gene I/D polymorphism was performed using PCR, gel analysis and appropriate restriction digestion. After prolonged rHuEpo treatment, 24.5% of patients attained the targeted 9th-month hemoglobin concentration (105 g/L). Of these, 6/26 of patients received elemental iron orally and 7/27 received it intravenously. We observed an association between homozygous DD (deletion) of the ACE gene and a remarkable early increase in blood hemoglobin (p=0.028), erythrocyte count (p=0.020) and hematocrit (p=0.043) after reduction of the dose of rHuEpo (F=3.95; p=0.029), irrespective of the iron repletion mode (p=0.960). This is the first report on DD genotype as a linkage marker for the optimization of rHuEpo dose for anemia management in hemodialysis patients

Morphological and biochemical characteristics of parsley (Pastinaca sativa L.) genotypes

Pastrnak (Pastinaca sativa L.) je aromatična biljna vrsta koja zbog svojih kvalitativnih osobina široku primenu nalazi u ljudskoj ishrani, kao i u medicinske svrhe. U radu su prikazani rezultati trogodišnjih ispitivanja (2011-2014.) četiri genotipa pastrnka selekcionisanih u Institutu za povrtarstvo Smederevska Palanka. Analizirane su sledeće morfološke osobine: prosečna masa korena, prosečna dužina, prečnik vrata i prečnik sredine korena. Hemijskom analizom određena je suva materija, ukupni minerali, ukupni šećeri i sadržaj vode. Ispitivane osobine odabranih genotipova poređene su sa standardnom sortom Podravski srednje dugi.Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.) is an aromatic plant species that, due to its qualitative properties, is widely used in human nutrition, as well as for medicinal purposes. The paper presents the results of three-year research (2011–2014) of four parsnip genotypes selected at the Institute for vegetable crops Smederevska Palanka. The following morphological characteristics were analyzed: average root mass, average length, diameter of the neck and diameter of the middle of the root. Dry matter, total minerals, total sugar and water content were determined by chemical analysis. The tested properties of the selected genotypes were compared with the standard Podravski medium-long variety

Morphological and biochemical characteristics of parsley (Pastinaca sativa L.) genotypes

Pastrnak (Pastinaca sativa L.) je aromatična biljna vrsta koja zbog svojih kvalitativnih osobina široku primenu nalazi u ljudskoj ishrani, kao i u medicinske svrhe. U radu su prikazani rezultati trogodišnjih ispitivanja (2011-2014.) četiri genotipa pastrnka selekcionisanih u Institutu za povrtarstvo Smederevska Palanka. Analizirane su sledeće morfološke osobine: prosečna masa korena, prosečna dužina, prečnik vrata i prečnik sredine korena. Hemijskom analizom određena je suva materija, ukupni minerali, ukupni šećeri i sadržaj vode. Ispitivane osobine odabranih genotipova poređene su sa standardnom sortom Podravski srednje dugi.Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.) is an aromatic plant species that, due to its qualitative properties, is widely used in human nutrition, as well as for medicinal purposes. The paper presents the results of three-year research (2011–2014) of four parsnip genotypes selected at the Institute for vegetable crops Smederevska Palanka. The following morphological characteristics were analyzed: average root mass, average length, diameter of the neck and diameter of the middle of the root. Dry matter, total minerals, total sugar and water content were determined by chemical analysis. The tested properties of the selected genotypes were compared with the standard Podravski medium-long variety