Istraživanje o uticaju gustine sadnje na prinos i morfološke osobine bamije u plasteničkoj proizvodnji

This dataset contains experimental data from a study on the effects of different planting densities (20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 cm) on the yield and morphological traits of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L., cv. Nana), grown under controlled conditions in a greenhouse. The experiment was conducted in 2024 and 2025 at the Institute of Vegetable Growing, Smederevska Palanka, Serbia, using a completely randomized block design with three replications. The dataset includes: (1) plant height, number of internodes, number of lateral branches, and stem diameter, (2) number of pods per plant, and the length and diameter of three medium-sized pods. Data are structured in CSV format and organized by treatment and replication. The dataset is suitable for statistical analysis, variety comparison, agronomic planning, and yield modelling in protected cultivation. It is available upon request and licensed under ARR (All Rights Reserved).Ови истраживачки подаци добијени су у оквиру истраживања утицаја различитих густина садње (20, 25, 30, 35 и 40 cm) на принос и морфолошке особине биљака bamije (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) сорте Nana, гајене у контролисаним условима (пластеник). Експеримент је спроведен 2024. и 2025. године у Институту за повртарство у Смедеревској Паланци, у систему потпуно случајних блокова са три понављања. Подаци обухватају: (1) висину биљака, број интернодија, број бочних изданака и пречник стабла, (2) број махуна по биљци, дужину и пречник три средње махуне. Подаци су представљени у структурираном CSV формату, организовани по третманима и понављањима. Могу бити коришћени за статистичке анализе, упоређивање сорти, агротехничко планирање и моделирање приноса у заштићеном простору. Подаци су доступни уз дозволу аутора и лиценциран под ARR (сва права задржана)

Influence of mineral nutrients on the number of leaves and root weight of sugar beet

Šećerna repa je važna industrijsku i prehrambenu sirovina. Rezerve ulja semena šećerne repe igraju važnu ulogu u uspešnom klijanju i razvoju rasada. Proizvodne površine su ograničene a kod proizvodnje šećerne repe važno je poštovati pravila plodoreda pa se postizanje povećanja prinosa korena vrši raznim agrotehničkim merama među kojima važnu ulogu ima i primena hraniva. Na oglednim poljima PSS Instituta Tamiš tokom tri godine, izvedena su ispitivanja sa tri sorte šećerne repe. Ispitivan je uticaj različitih količina NPK hraniva na broj listova i težinu korena. Najveća brojnost listova kao i najveća težina korena zabeležena je kod sorte Otis. Promena rastućih količina NPK hraniva u malom procentu je uticala na brojnost listova kod sorti ali je značajno uticala na prosečnu težinu korenva, povećanje je u nekim slučajevima iznosilo skoro 50%.Sugar beet is an important industrial and food raw material. Sugar beet seed oil reserves play an important role in successful germination and seedling development. Production areas are limited, and in the production of sugar beet, it is important to follow the rules of crop rotation, so achieving this increase is done by various agrotechnical measures, among which the application of nutrients plays an important role. On the experimental fields of PSS Institute Tamiš, tests were carried out on three varieties of sugar beet during three years. The influence of different amounts of NPK nutrients on the number of leaves and the weight of the roots was examined. In these experiments, the highest number of leaves as well as the highest weight of the roots was recorded in the variety Otis. The change in the growing amounts of NPK nutrients affected the number of leaves in the varieties by a small percentage but significantly affected the average weight of the roots, the increase in some cases was almost 50

Artificial lighting as an effective method for increasing lettuce seedling development

Due to the short duration of sunlight and low light intensity during the winter, the lettuce photosynthesis is limited, resulting in slow growth and reduced quality. This study aimed to investigate the effects of lightemmiting diodes (LEDs) on the growth and quality of three lettuce cultivar seedlings. Results of our research indicate that applied light treatments significantly influenced the growth and development of all three lettuce cultivar seedlings. The highest shoot and root weight was achieved in the Jukebox cultivar grown under blue LEDs, while the highest total chlorophyll and carotenoid content was achieved in the Viola cultivar grown under white and blue LEDs, respectively

Impact of Microplastics on Forest Soil Properties in Pollution Hotspots in Alluvial Plains of Large Rivers (Morava, Sava, and Danube) of Serbia

first_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessArticle Impact of Microplastics on Forest Soil Properties in Pollution Hotspots in Alluvial Plains of Large Rivers (Morava, Sava, and Danube) of Serbia by Tara Grujić 1ORCID,Elmira Saljnikov 2ORCID,Dragosav Mutavdžić 2,Marina Jovković 1,Slobodan Stefanović 3ORCID,Vladimir Miladinović 4ORCID,Slobodan Krnjajić 2ORCID,Snežana Belanović Simić 5ORCID andŽaklina Marjanović 2,*ORCID 1 Institute of Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera 7, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 2 Institute of Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 3 Faculty for Applied Ecology “Futura”, Metropolitan University, Požeška 53a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 4 Institute for Vegetable Crops Smederevska Palanka, Karađorđeva 71, 11420 Smederevska Palanka, Serbia 5 Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Forests 2025, 16(2), 363; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16020363 Submission received: 3 January 2025 / Revised: 30 January 2025 / Accepted: 6 February 2025 / Published: 17 February 2025 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Environmental Changes on Forest Soil Quality and Health) Downloadkeyboard_arrow_down Browse Figures Versions Notes Abstract Plastic pollution has become a major environmental problem, while the products of its degradation, microplastics (MPs), appear everywhere on Earth. Data on MPs in agricultural soils have appeared lately, but a significant knowledge gap exists regarding forest soils. In Serbia, municipal waste is often dumped in forests, creating environmental problems that have not been documented. To explore the impact of waste dumping and MPs on forest fluvisols, we evaluated MPs from topsoils of three waste dumps and adequate visibly plastic non-contaminated forest sites located in alluviums of the largest rivers in Serbia. For assessing the influence of environmental factors on soil MPs, samples were taken in three forest vegetational seasons, in two years. The impact of MPs on soil structure, chemistry, and microbial respiration (MR) was examined. Undisturbed soil columns from uncontaminated sites with added known MP particles were used to estimate the dynamic of MP transfer through the topsoil. Large aggregate formation, soil coarse sand content, specific mass, porosity, and available P, but not MR were affected by contamination. Seasonal and annual environmental changes significantly influenced the behavior of MPs in forest luvisols. MPs effectively penetrated the deeper layers of soil columns within 3 months, with strong accumulation in the 0–10 cm layer.This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Environmental Changes on Forest Soil Quality and HealthSupplementary data on this link: [https://rivec.institut-palanka.rs/handle/123456789/1057

Variation of spike harvest index in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Spike harvest index (SHI) can be an indicator of partitioning assimilation into seeds vegetative biomass and wheat productivity. The aim of this study is estimation of spike harvest index variation in wheat varieties grown under different environmental conditions. Twenty genetically divergent winter wheat cultivars were included in two years which characterized different weather conditions. On the field experiment in randomized block design in three replications, the seeds of varieties were sown at the distance of 0.10 m in rows of 1.0 m length with the distance of 0.2 m. For analysis of spike harvest index determined in proportion of seed mass spike-1/mass of spike, 60 plants in full maturity stage (20 plants per replication) were used. The results showed differences of spike harvest index among varieties and between years of experiment. In the first year the variety Pobeda had the highest value of spike harvest index (80.93%) and the Evropa 90 had the lowest SHI (75.67%), while in second year of experiment, the variety Zadruga had the highest value of spike harvest index (85.00%) and the Sumadinka had the lowest SHI (75.50%). Differences of SHI in wheat varieties are due to response of genotypes to environmental factors as well as interaction of genotype/environment

The Possibility of Residual Herbicide Application in Late Planted Bean Seed Crop

The field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Institute for Vegetable Crops Smederevska Palanka in Smederevska Palanka, Serbia. Beans were planted on July 1st 2024, after which herbicides were applied. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 5 treatments and their crop selectivity. Herbicides used in this study were 1) dimethenamid-P 864 g a.i. ha-1 plus flumioxazin 40.8 g a.i. ha-1; 2) dimethenamid-P 864g a.i. ha-1 plus metobromuron 1000 g a.i. ha-1; 3) aclonifen 1800 g a.i. ha-1 plus metobromuron 1000 g a.i. ha-1; 4) clomazone 96 g a.i. ha-1 plus metobromuron 1000 g a.i. ha-1 plus dimethenamid-P 720g a.i. ha-1. Visual efficacy and crop injuries were rated on every 7 days after treatment (DAT), whereby 21 DAT weed density and biomass were measured. Weed species present in the study were Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Hibiscus trionum, Polygonum lapathifolium and Portulaca oleracea. By using Tukey test, all treatments showed statistically very significant differences compared to control. The best efficacy (100%) on all 4 weed species was reached in treatment clomazone 96 g a.i. ha-1 plus metobromuron 1000 g a.i. ha-1 plus dimethenamid-P 720 g a.i. ha-1. Treatment aclonifen 1800 g a.i. ha-1 plus metobromuron 1000 g a.i. ha-1 showed lovest efficacy in P. oleracea control. All treatments showed excellent efficacy in H. trionum control. Visual crop injuries were only observed in treatment dimethenamid-P 864 g a.i. ha-1 plus flumioxazin 40.8 g a.i. ha-1 due to application of flumioxazin. Crop injuries were visible 14 DAT, but not 21 dat. Based on this research, all treatments can be applied in Galeb bean variety which was planted in this study, but the choice should be based on the weed spectrum

Chlorophyll content in the leaves of sweet corn grown with cover crops

Razlika u sadržaju hlorofila predstavlja jedan od najizrazitijih simptoma stresa, posebno u periodu nakon primene herbicida u gajenom usevu. Pokrovni usevi imaju uticaja na smanjenje zakorovljenosti, čime se redukuje primena herbicida što uslovljava veči sadržaj hlorofila u listovima gajenih biljaka. Na sadržaj hlorofila u listovima utiču i starost i položaj listova, mineralna ishrana, temperatura, relativna vlaga, genotip i drugo. Sa razvojem održivih sistema pokrovni usevi su prepoznati kao faktori obezbeđivanja azota glavnom usevu, a samim tim i usevi koji povoljno utiču na sadržaj hlorofila u listovima. Tokom 2014/2015. i 2015/2016. godine (faktor A) je sproveden ogled, postavljen po split-plot dizajnu na eksperimentalnom polju Instituta za kukuruz "Zemun Polje". Kao glavni usev gajen je hibrid kukuruza šećerca ZPSC 421su (FAO 400). U ogledu je uključena kontrolna varijanta, a kao pokrovni usevi (faktor B) gajeni su: obična grahorica, ozimi ovas, ozimi krmni kelj, ozimi krmni grašak i smeše ozimi krmni grašak + ozimi ovas i obična grahorica+ozimi ovas, uz primenu mikrobiološkog đubriva, (faktor C). Cilj rada je ispitivanje sadržaja hlorofila u listovima kukuruza šećerca, gajenog sa pokrovim usevima. Sadržaj hlorofila je meren pomoću SPAD uređaja (Infraneo, Chopin Technologies, Francuska) na tri biljke u svakom ponavljanju, sa tri mesta na listovima klipa. Statistički vrlo značaj uticaj je ispoljila interakcija faktora godina x pokrovni usev, kao i pojedinačno delovanje faktora pokrovni usev. Najbolji efekat je postignut kod ozimog krmnog graška u drugoj godini bez primene mikrobiološkog đubriva (45.16 Spad units) i sa njegovom primenom (40.29 Spad units) u odnosu na kontrolnu varijantu.The difference in the content of chlorophyll is one of the most pronounced symptoms of stress, especially in the period after the application of herbicides in the cultivated crop. Cover crops have an effect on the reduction of weeds, which reduces the use of herbicides, which leads to a higher content of chlorophyll in the leaves of cultivated plants. The chlorophyll content in the leaves is influenced by the age and position of the leaves, mineral nutrition, temperature, relative humidity, genotype and others. With the development of sustainable systems, cover crops are recognized as factors in providing nitrogen to the main crop, and therefore crops that favorably affect the chlorophyll content in the leaves. During 2014/2015. and 2015/2016. year (factor A), an experiment was conducted, set up according to a split-plot design on the experimental field of the Maize Institute "Zemun Polje". It is grown as the main crop sweet corn hybrid ZPSC 421su (FAO 400). The control variant was included in the trial, and as cover crops (factor B) the following were grown: common vetch, winter oats, winter fodder kale, winter fodder peas and mixtures of winter fodder peas + winter oats and common vetch + winter oats, with the application of microbiological fertilizer (factor C). The aim of the work is to examine the chlorophyll content in the leaves of sweet corn grown with cover crops. Chlorophyll content was measured using a SPAD device (Infraneo, Chopin Technologies, France) on three plants per replication, from three sites on cob leaves. The interaction of the factor year x cover crop, as well as the individual effect of the factor cover crop, had a statistically significant impact. The best effect was achieved with winter fodder peas in the second year without the application of microbiological fertilizer (45.16 Spad units) and with its application (40.29 Spad units) compared to the control variant

Time of residual herbicide application in cabbage: efficacy, benefits and risks

The goal of this study was to evaluate herbicides for weed control in cabbage, pushed with the fact that pendimethalin is on EFSA's candidate for substitution list (CfS). The field experiment was conducted during 2024 at the experimental station of the Institute for Vegetable crops Smederevska Palanka. The study was established as a full randomized complete block design. All herbicides were applied with abattery powered backpack sprayer “Farm® KF-16C-47” which delivers a constant pressure. For this study a four nozzle boom with Lechler IDK12002 nozzles have been used to deliver 200 L of water ha-1 by 200 kPa pressure and the speed of 3.84 km h-1 (±10%). Herbicides were applied without adjuvants on three ways: 1) incorporation (PPI) a) napropamide 1800 g a.i. ha-1 and b) napropamide 900 g a.i. ha-1 + clomazone 96 g a.i. ha-1 and 2) preemergence (PRE-EM) c)pendimethalin 1650 g a.i. ha-1 and 3) postemergence (POST-EM)d)flumioxazin 40.8 g a.i. ha-1, e) dimethenamid-P 500 g a.i. ha-1 and f)metazachlor 500 g a.i. ha-1 + clomazone 96 g a.i. ha-1.Herbicides were applied without adjuvants.The most dominant weed species were:Ambrosia artemisiifolia L, Galinsoga parviflora (Cav.), Hibiscus trionum L, Polygonum lapathifolium L. and Portulaca oleracea L. Herbicide efficacy and crop injury were estimated every 7 days after treatment (DAT). The field was cultivated on 29th of April, whereby cabbage variety Ditmar was transplanted on 7th of May for POST-EM treatments and 17th of May for PPI and PRE-EM treatments whereby the herbicide application followed 10 days after and 7 days before transplanting respectively. The results varied among treatments, whereby treatments a), b) and c) provided excellent weed control 28 DAT without crop injury. Treatments d) and f) provided excellent weed control 14 DAT but not 21 DAT. Treatment e) provided poor weed control 14 DAT. Treatments which included clomazone or flumioxazin caused slight crop injury. All mentioned herbicides can be used for weed control in Ditmar cabbage variety with some minor crop injuries. A lower herbicide efficacy of POST-EM herbicides could be because of the long period between field cultivation and transplanting. Further research needs to be conducted. The research presented in this article is part of the research project number 451-03-66/2024- 03/200216 and 451-03-65/2024-03/200383 funded by the Ministry of Education and Science, Republic of Serbia

Review of the application of biological measures using the parasitic wasp (Encarsia formosa) as a parasitoid of the white butterfly louse (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)

The chapter discusses the role of the parasitic wasp Encarsia formosa as a biological control agent against the white butterfly louse (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) in protected cultivation systems. It provides an overview of plant protection strategies, emphasizing ecological and sustainable measures. The authors review the biology, behavior, and application methods of E. formosa, highlighting its efficiency and potential as part of integral plant protection. Numerous studies are cited to support the effectiveness of this method and its compatibility with ecological farming practices

Effect of Maize Landraces and Testers on the Number of Leaves above the Ear in Test Cross Hybrids

to identify superior combinations for this trait. The experiment involved crossing 31 maize landraces with three testers (L217, L73B013, and L255/75-5), representing different heterotic groups (Iowa Dent, BSSS and Lancaster). The general mean for the number of leaves above the ear was 6.18 leaves. The analysis of variance revealed that all sources of variation, including the environment, tester, landrace, and their interactions, were highly significant (p≤0.01), except for the triple interaction (p=0.964). The coefficient of variation was 6.00%, indicating low within-group variability. Maize landrace AN1569, across all testers, exhibited the highest number of leaves (6.72), suggesting its superior general combining ability for this trait. Other landraces, such as AN877, AN288, and AN197, also showed high values, predominantly belonging to dent maize types from late maturity groups. In contrast, the maize landrace AN1890, in test cross hybrids, produced the lowest number of leaves above the ear (5.76). Tester L73B013 contributed to hybrids with the highest number of leaves above the ear (6.31), compared to L217 and L255/75-5, which were statistically similar to each other. A positive correlation (r=0.782) was observed between the number of leaves above the ear in landraces per se and their general combining ability, emphasizing the additive genetic effects in the inheritance of this trait. These results emphasize the importance of specific landraces and testers in breeding programs aimed at improving the number of leaves above the ear, with potential implications for yield and adaptability