Energia metabolizável aparente e digestibilidade de aminoácidos de microalga (Spirulina spp.) para frangos de corte.

bitstream/item/141051/1/final8022.pd

Coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal de aminoácidos de rações fareladas e peletizadas para frangos de corte determinados com diferentes Indicadores.

A peletização é o processamento térmico mais comum utilizado em rações para frangos de corte no setor produtivo, porém as instituições de pesquisa geralmente utilizam rações fareladas nos ensaios de metabolismo para determinação da digestibilidade dos aminoácidos. Nestes ensaios é necessário o uso de indicadores nas rações para determinação do aproveitamento dos nutrientes após a coleta ileal e os mais comuns a serem utilizados são a cinza insolúvel em ácido (CIA), dióxido de titânio (TiO2) e óxido de cromo (Cr2O3) (1). Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a interação entre o uso de diferentes indicadores e o processamento de rações para frangos de corte em ensaio de determinação de digestibilidade de aminoácido

Evaluation of Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Surgical Approaches for Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.

IMPORTANCE: Each approach for primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) has a long learning curve, so a surgeon's choice to change their preferred approach needs to be guided by clear justifications. However, current evidence does not suggest that any of the THA approaches are more beneficial than others, and the choice of approach is mainly based on the knowledge and experience of the surgeon and individual patient characteristics. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety associated with different surgical approaches for THA. DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases from inception to March 26, 2022; reference lists of eligible trials; and related reviews. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing different surgical approaches, including the 2-incision approach, direct anterior approach (DAA), direct lateral approach (DLA), minimally invasive direct lateral approach (MIS-DLA), minimally invasive anterolateral approach (MIS-ALA), posterior approach (PA), minimally invasive posterior approach (MIS-PA), and supercapsular percutaneously assisted total hip arthroplasty (SuperPath), for primary THA. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, 2 reviewers independently extracted data on study participants, interventions, and outcomes as well as assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework. A frequentist framework was used to inform a series of random-effects network meta-analyses. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The outcomes were hip score (range, 0-100, with higher scores indicating better overall hip condition), pain score (range, 0-100, with higher scores indicating more pain), hospitalization time, operation time, quality of life score, blood loss, cup abduction angle, and cup anteversion angle. RESULTS: Of 2130 retrieved studies, 63 RCTs including 4859 participants (median [IQR] age, 64.0 [60.3-66.5] years; median [IQR] percentage male, 46.74% [38.64%-54.74%]) were eligible for analysis. Eight surgical approaches were evaluated. For hip score, DAA (mean difference [MD], 4.04; 95% CI, 1.92 to 6.16; moderate certainty), MIS-ALA (MD, 3.00; 95% CI, 0.43 to 5.59; moderate certainty), MIS-DLA (MD, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.05 to 5.68; moderate certainty), MIS-PA (MD, 4.46; 95% CI, 1.60 to 7.31; moderate certainty), PA (MD, 4.37; 95% CI, 1.87 to 6.88; high certainty), and SuperPath (MD, 5.00; 95% CI, 0.58 to 9.42; high certainty) were associated with greater improvement in hip score compared with DLA. DLA was associated with lower decrease in pain score than SuperPath (MD, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.13 to 2.20; high certainty) and MIS-DLA (MD, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.04 to 1.76; moderate certainty). PA was associated with shorter operation times compared with 2-incision (MD, -23.85 minutes; 95% CI, -36.60 to -11.10 minutes; high certainty), DAA (MD, -13.94 minutes; 95% CI, -18.79 to -9.08 minutes; moderate certainty), DLA (MD, -10.50 minutes; 95% CI, -16.07 to -4.94 minutes; high certainty), MIS-ALA (MD, -6.76 minutes; 95% CI, -12.86 to -0.65 minutes; moderate certainty), and SuperPath (MD, -13.91 minutes; 95% CI, -21.87 to -5.95 minutes; moderate certainty). The incidence of 6 types of complications did not differ significantly between the approaches. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, moderate to high certainty evidence indicated that compared with PA, all surgical approaches except DLA were associated with similar improvements of hip score but longer operation time. DLA was associated with smaller improvement of hip score. The safety of the different approaches did not show significant differences. These findings will help health professionals and patients with better clinical decision-making and also provide references for policy makers

Micromechanical Properties of Injection-Molded Starch–Wood Particle Composites

The micromechanical properties of injection molded starch–wood particle composites were investigated as a function of particle content and humidity conditions. The composite materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. The microhardness of the composites was shown to increase notably with the concentration of the wood particles. In addition,creep behavior under the indenter and temperature dependence were evaluated in terms of the independent contribution of the starch matrix and the wood microparticles to the hardness value. The influence of drying time on the density and weight uptake of the injection-molded composites was highlighted. The results revealed the role of the mechanism of water evaporation, showing that the dependence of water uptake and temperature was greater for the starch–wood composites than for the pure starch sample. Experiments performed during the drying process at 70°C indicated that the wood in the starch composites did not prevent water loss from the samples.Peer reviewe

Valores de energia metabolizável aparente e digestibilidade de aminoácidos de microalga (Spirulina platensis) para frangos de corte.

RESUMO: Para avaliar a energia metabolizável (EMAn) da microalga (Spirulina platensis) para frangos de corte, foi realizado um ensaio de metabolismo em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sendo 2 tratamentos (metodologias de determinação de energia - coleta total de excretas e indicador cinza insolúvel em ácido (CIA)) e 10 repetições de 14 aves. Ao final do período experimental os animas foram abatidos e foi feita a coleta do conteúdo ileal para determinação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade dos aminoácidos. Os valores de EMA da microalga determinado pelo método de coleta total (2865 kcal/kg MN) foi superior a determinada pelo indicador CIA (1995 kcal/kg MN). A EMAn também foi superior no método de coleta total (2493 kcal/kg MN) comparada ao indicador (1763 kcal/kg MN). Os CDEs médios dos aminoácidos essenciais foram de 79,99±3,5% e não essenciais de 78,52±4,2%. Conclui-se que a microalga S. platensis possui 2493 kcal/kg MN de EMAn e relevantes teores de aminoácidos digestíveis para frangos de corte. O uso do indicador CIA subestima a EMAn da microalga comparado ao método de coleta total (padrão). ABSTRACT: To evaluate apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of microalgae (Spirulina platensis) for broilers, a metabolism test was performed in a completely randomized design, with 2 treatments (energy determination methodologies - total excreta collection and acid insoluble ashes marker) and 10 replicates of 14 birds. At the end of the experimental period the animals were slaughtered and ileal content was collected to determine amino acid digestibility coefficients. AMEn values determined by the total collection method (2865 kcal/kg DM) were higher than those determined by AIA indicator (1995 kcal/kg DM). AMEn was also superior in the total collection method (2493 kcal/kg DM) compared to the indicator (1763 kcal/kg DM). The mean CDEs of the essential amino acids were 79.99 ± 3.5% and nonessential of 78.52 ± 4.2%. Microalgae S. platensis has 2493 kcal/kg DM of AMEn and relevant levels of digestible amino acids for broilers. The use of the AIA indicator underestimates the AMEn of the microalgae compared to the total collection method (standard)

Diferentes metodologias na determinação dos valores energéticos de rações fareladas e peletizadas para frangos de corte.

RESUMO: Para avaliar o efeito de diferentes métodos de coleta e uso de indicadores em ensaios de metabolismo com frangos de corte, foi realizado um experimento com delineamento inteiramente casualizado em um arranjo fatorial 4x2, sendo 4 métodos (coleta total, CIA, TiO2 e Cr2O3) x 2 formas físicas de ração (farelada e peletizada), com 10 repetições. Houve interação significativa entre as metodologias e a forma física das rações. Rações peletizadas tiveram maiores valores de EMAn (kcal/kg na MS e MN). O indicador CIA proporcionou valores de EMAn semelhantes à coleta total de excretas quando estes valores foram expressos na base seca, independente da forma física da ração. Contudo, quando expressos na base natural, a CIA proporcionou menores valores de EMAn em rações peletizadas e semelhantes a coleta total em fareladas. Conclui-se que o processo de peletização aumenta a EMAn de dietas, e a CIA é o indicador mais adequado para determinar os valores de EMAn (MS) de dietas. ABSTRACT: To evaluate the effect of different methods of collecting and using of markers in broiler metabolism tests, a completely randomized experiment was carried out in a 4x2 factorial arrangement, 4 methods (total collection, AIA, TiO2, and Cr2O3) x 2 physical forms of diets (mashed and pelleted), with 10 replicates. There was a significant interaction between the methodologies and the physical form of the diets. Pelleted diets with higher AMEn values (kcal/kg in DM and AS-IS). The AIA marker provided AMEn values similar to total excreta collection when these values were expressed in the dry matter basis, regardless of the physical form of the feed. However, when expressed as is the AIA provided lower values of AMEn in pelleted diets and similar to total collection in mashed diets. Pelleting process increases AMEn of diets, and AIA is the most adequate marker to determine the AMEn (DM) values of diets

Bright light therapy in pregnant women with major depressive disorder: Study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial

Background: Depression during pregnancy is a common and high impact disease. Generally, 5-10 % of pregnant women suffer from depression. Children who have been exposed to maternal depression during pregnancy have a higher risk of adverse birth outcomes and more often show cognitive, emotional and behavioural problems. Therefore, early detection and treatment of antepartum depression is necessary. Both psychotherapy and antidepressant medication, first choice treatments in a non-pregnant population, have limitations in treating depression during pregnancy. Therefore, it is urgent and relevant to investigate alternative treatments for antepartum depression. Bright light therapy (BLT) is a promising treatment for pregnant women with depressive disorder, for it combines direct availability, sufficient efficacy, low costs and high safety, taking the safety for the unborn child into account as well. Methods: In this study, 150 pregnant women (12-18 weeks pregnant) with a DSM-V diagnosis of depressive disorder will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to one of the two treatment arms: treatment with BLT (9.000 lux) or treatment with dim red light therapy (100 lux). Both groups will be treated for 6 weeks at home on a daily basis for 30 min, within 30 min of habitual wake-up time. Follow-up will take place after 6 weeks of therapy, 3 and 10 weeks after end of therapy, at birth and 2, 6 and 18 months postpartum. Primary outcome will be the average change in depressive symptoms between the two groups, as measured by the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Scale - Seasonal Affective Disorder version and the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale. Changes in rating scale scores of these questionnaires over time will be analysed using generalized linear mixed models. Secondary outcomes will be the changes in maternal cortisol and melatonin levels, in maternal sleep quality and gestational age, birth weight, infant behaviour, infant cortisol exposure and infant cortisol stress response. Discussion: If BLT reduces depressive symptoms in pregnant women, it will provide a safe, cheap, non-pharmacological and efficacious alternative treatment for psychotherapy and antidepressant medication in treating antepartum depression, without any expected adverse reactions for the unborn child. Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register NTR5476. Registered 5 November 2015

Search for dark matter at √s=13 TeV in final states containing an energetic photon and large missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for physics beyond the Standard Model in events containing an energetic photon and large missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. As the number of events observed in data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, is in agreement with the Standard Model expectations, model-independent limits are set on the fiducial cross section for the production of events in this final state. Exclusion limits are also placed in models where dark-matter candidates are pair-produced. For dark-matter production via an axial-vector or a vector mediator in the s-channel, this search excludes mediator masses below 750–1200 GeV for dark-matter candidate masses below 230–480 GeV at 95% confidence level, depending on the couplings. In an effective theory of dark-matter production, the limits restrict the value of the suppression scale M∗ to be above 790 GeV at 95% confidence level. A limit is also reported on the production of a high-mass scalar resonance by processes beyond the Standard Model, in which the resonance decays to Zγ and the Z boson subsequently decays into neutrinos

Fibra termoprocessada de mandioca como melhorador de peletes de ração para poedeiras.

A peletização é o processamento térmico mais utilizado em rações para aves no Brasil. Rações peletizadas tendem a apresentar benefícios no desempenho animal, como redução na perda de ração no comedouro e melhor ganho de peso. Entretanto, para que estes benefícios ocorram é necessário assegurar a qualidade física dos peletes, que sofre influência direta da composição da ração, do tempo de condicionamento na peletizadora, bem como da temperatura utilizada no processamento (1). É conhecido que o uso de alimentos fibrosos nas rações pode melhorar a qualidade final dos peletes, mas pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos da fibra da mandioca em rações peletizadas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade de peletes de rações com a inclusão de diferentes níveis de fibra termoprocessada de mandioca