Co-infection Trypanosoma Cruzi/hiv: Systematic Review (1980 - 2010) [coinfecção Trypanosoma Cruzi/hiv: Revisão Sistemática (1980 - 2010)]

Introduction: The co-infection Trypanosoma cruzi/HIV has been described as a clinical event of great relevance. The objective of this study was to describe clinical and epidemiological aspects published in literature. Methods: It is a systematic review of a descriptive nature from the databases Medline, Lilacs, SciELO, Scopus, from 1980 to 2010. Results: There were 83 articles (2.8 articles/year) with a total of 291 cases. The co-infection was described in 1980 and this situation has become the defining AIDS clinical event in Brazil. This is the country with the highest number of publication (51.8%) followed by Argentina (27.7%). The majority of cases are amongst adult men (65.3%) native or from endemic regions with serological diagnosis in the chronic stage (97.9%) and indeterminate form (50.8%). Both diseases follow the normal course, but in 41% the reactivation of the Chagas disease occurs. The most severe form is the meningoencephalitis, with 100% of mortality without specific and early treatment of the T. cruzi. The medication of choice was the benznidazole on doses and duration normally used for the acute phase. The high parasitemia detected by direct or indirect quantitative methods indicated reactivation and its elevation is the most important predictive factor. The lower survival rate was related to the reactivation of the Chagas disease and the natural complications of both diseases. The role of the antiretroviral treatment on the co-infection cannot yet be defined by the knowledge currently existent. Conclusions: Despite the relevance of this clinical event there are still gaps to be filled.446762770Dias, J.C.P., Globalização, iniqüidade e doença de Chagas (2007) Cad Saude Publica, 23, pp. S513-S522Akhavan, D., (2000) Analise de custo-efetividade do programa de controle da doença de Chagas no Brasil, , Relatório final. Brasil: Organização Pan-Americana da SaúdeCastro, J.A., Mecca, M.M., Bartel, L.C., Toxic effects of drugs used to treat Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis) (2006) Hum Exp Toxicol, 25, pp. 471-479Urbina, J.A., Chemotherapy of Chagas' disease: The how and the why (1999) J Mol Med, 77, pp. 332-340(2006) Relatório técnico: Certificação do Brasil como área interrompida de transmissão da doença de chagas pelo T. infestans, , Ministério da Saúde, Brasilia: MS/OMS/OPASRelatório Técnico: Recomendações para diagnóstico, tratamento e acompanhamento da co-infecção Trypanosoma cruzi-vírus da imunodeficiência humana (2006) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 39, pp. 392-415. , Ministério da Saúdedel Castillo, M., Mendoza, G., Ovieda, J., Perez Bianco, R.P., Anselmo, A.E., Silva, M., AIDS and Chagas' disease with central nervous system tumor-like lesion (1990) Am J Med, 88, pp. 693-694Harms, G., Feldmeir, H., The impact of HIV infection on tropical disease (2005) Infect Dis Clin N Am, 19, pp. 121-135Almeida, E.A., Ramos Jr., A.N., Correia, D., Shikanai-Yasuda, M.A., Brazilian Network of Attention and Studies on Trypanosoma cruzi/HIV Co-infection and others immunossupression conditions (2009) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 42, pp. 605-608Ramos Jr., A.N., Correia, D., Almeida, E.A., Shikanai-Yasuda, M.A., History, Current Issues and Future of the Brazilian Network for Attending and Studying Trypanosoma cruzi/HIV Coinfection (2010) J Infect Dev Ctries, 4, pp. 682-688Spina-França, A., Livramento, J.A., Machado, L.R., Yassuda, N., Anticorpos a Trypanosoma cruzi no líquido cefalorraqueano (1988) Arq Neuro-Psiquiat, 46, pp. 374-378Ramos Jr., A.N., Inclusion of Chagas' disease reactivation as a condition for AIDS case definition to epidemiological surveillance in Brazil (2004) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 37, pp. 192-193Livramento, J.A., Machado, L.R., Spina-França, A., Anormalidades do líquido cefalorraqueano em 170 casos de AIDS (1989) Arq Neuropsiquiat, 47, pp. 326-327Torrealba, G.M., Acuña, G.L., Tagle, P.M., Tapia, J.I., Huete, I.L., Valor de la biopsia cerebral en pacientes com SIDA y lesions expansivas cerebrales (1990) Rev Med Chile, 118, pp. 1367-1371Ferreira, M.S., Nishioka, S.A., Rocha, A., Silva, A.M., Ferreira, R.G., Olivier, W., Acute fatal Trypanosoma cruzi meningoencephalitis in a Human Immunodeficiency Vírus-positive hemophiliac patiente (1991) Am J Trop Med Hyg, 45, pp. 723-727Gallo, P., Fabão Neto, O.M., Suarez, J.M.M., Borba, R.P., Acute central nervous system infection by Trypanosoma cruzi and AIDS (1992) Arq Neuro-Psiquiat, 50, pp. 375-377Rosemberg, S., Chaves, C.J., Higuchi, M.L., Lopes, M.B.S., Castro, L.H.M., Machado, L.R., Fatal meningoncephalitis caused by reactivation of Trypanosoma cruzi in a patient with AIDS (1992) Neurology, 42, pp. 640-642Glucklstein, D., Ciferri, F., Ruskin, J., Chagas' disease: Another cause of cerebral mass in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1992) Am J Med, 92, pp. 429-432Oddó, D., Casanova, M., Acuña, G., Ballesteros, J., Morales, B., Acute Chagas' disease (Trypanosomiasis americana) in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Report of two cases (1992) Hum Pathol, 23, pp. 41-44Metze, K., Maciel, J.A., AIDS and Chagas' disease (1993) Neurology, 43, pp. 447-448Solari, A., Saavedra, H., Sepúlveda, C., Oddó, D., Acuña, G., Labarca, J., Succesful treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi encephalitis in a patient with hemophilia and AIDS (1993) Clin Infect Dis, 16, pp. 255-259Rocha, A., Ferreira, M.S., Nishioka, S.A., Silva, M., Burgarelli, K.N., Silva, A.M., Trypanosoma cruzi meningoencephalitis and myocarditis in a patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1993) Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo, 35, pp. 205-208Nishioka, S.A., Ferreira, M.S., Rocha, A., Burgarelli, M.K.N., Silva, A.M., Duarte, M.I.S., Reactivation of Chagas' disease successfully treated with benznidazole in a patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1993) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 88, pp. 493-496Libaak, N.E., Gonzaléz, M.I., Gutfraind, E., Wainstein, J.M., Simone, A., Caravello, O., Mielomeningoencefalitis candidiásica asociada a meningitis por Trypanosoma cruzi en un paciente portador de SIDA (1993) Rev Assoc Med Argentina, 106, pp. 4-8Pittella, J.E.H., Central nervous system involvement in Chagas' disease. An apdating (1993) Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo, 35, pp. 111-116Rocha, A., Meneses, A.C.O., Silva, A.M., Ferreira, M.S., Nishioka, A.S., Almeida, E., Pathology of patients with Chagas' disease and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1994) Am J Trop Med Hyg, 50, pp. 261-268Sartori, A.M.C., Lopes, M.H., Caramelli, B., Duarte, M.I.S., Pinto, P.L.S., Shikanai-Yassuda, M.A., Simultaneous occurence of acute myocarditis and reactivated Chagas' disease in a patient with AIDS (1995) Clin Infect Dis, 21, pp. 1297-1299Robinson, R.D., Parasitic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean (1995) Bull PAHO, 29, pp. 129-137Freilij, H., Altcheh, J., Muchinik, G., Perinatal human immunodeficiency virus infection and congenital Chagas' disease (1995) Pediatric Infect Dis J, 14, pp. 161-162Pimentel, P.C.A., Handfas, B.W., Carmignani, M., Trypanosoma cruzi meningoencephalitis in AIDS mimicking cerebral metastases. Case Report (1996) Arq Neuro-Psiquitr, 54, pp. 102-106di Lorenzo, G.A., Pagano, M.A., Taratuto, A.L., Garau, M.L., Meli, F.J., Pomsztein, M.D., Chagasic granulomatous encephalitis in immunosuppressed patients (1996) J Neuroimaging, 6, pp. 94-97Ferreira, M.S., Nishioka, A.S., Silvestre, M.T.A., Borges, A.S., Nunes-Araújo, F.R.F., Rocha, A., Reactivation of Chagas' disease in patients with AIDS: Report of three new cases and review of the literature (1997) Clin Infect Dis, 25, pp. 1397-1400Montero, A., Cohen, J.E., Martinez, D.P., Giovannoni, A.G., Tratamiento empirico anti-toxoplasma en SIDA y Chagas cerebral. Relato de dos casos, revision de la bibliografia y propuesta de un algoritmo (1998) Medicina (Buenos Aires), 58, pp. 504-506Sartori, A.M.C., Lopes, M.H., Benvenuti, L.A., Caramelli, B., di Pietro, A.O., Nunes, E.V., Reactivation of Chagas' disease in a human immunodeficenc virus-infected patient leading to severe heart disease with a late positive direct microscopic examination of the blood (1998) Am J Trop Med Hyg, 59, pp. 784-786Manigot, D.A., SIDA y Chagas: La dificultad de globalizar los protocolos (1998) Medicina (Buenos Aires), 58, pp. 522-524Pacheco, R.S., Ferreira, M.S., Machado, M.I., Brito, C.M.M., Pires, M.Q., da-Cruz, A.M., Chagas' disease and HIV co-infection: Genotypic characterization of the Tripanosoma cruzi strain (1998) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 93, pp. 165-169Lazo, J.E., Meneses, A.C.O., Rocha, A., Frenkel, J.K., Marquez, J.O., Lopes, E.R., Meningoencefalites toxoplásmica e chagásica em pacientes com infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana: Diagnóstico diferencial anatomopatológico e tomográfico (1998) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 31, pp. 163-171Lazo, J., Meneses, A.C.O., Rocha, A., Ferreira, M.S., Marquez, J.O., Lopes, E.R., Chagasic meningoencephalitis in the immunodeficient (1998) Arq Neuropsiquiat, 56, pp. 93-97Cohen, J.H., Tsai, E.C., Ginsberg, H.J., Godes, J., Pseudotumoral chagasic meningoencephalitis as the first manifestation of Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (1998) Surg Neurol, 49, pp. 324-327Iliovich, E., Lopez, R., Kum, M., Uzandizaga, G., Peritonitis espontanea chagasica en un enfermo de SIDA (1998) Medicina (Buenos Aires), 58, pp. 507-508Bisugo, M.C., Araújo, M.F.L., Nunes, E.V., Cunha, E.A., Oliveira Jr., O.C., Guilherme, C.S., Isolamento de Trypanosoma cruzi por xenocultura após aplicação de xenodiagnóstico in vivo e/ou in vitro em pacientes na fase crônica da doença de Chagas e na co-infecção pelo HIV (1998) Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz, 57, pp. 89-96Sartori, A.M.C., Shikanai-Yasuda, M.A., Amato Neto, V., Lopes, M.H., Follow-up of 18 patients with Human Immunodeficiency Vírus infection and chronic Chagas' disease, with reactivation of Chagas' disease causing cardiac disease in three patients (1998) Clin Infect Dis, 26, pp. 177-179Aguiar, J.I., Aguiar, E.S., Serologic testing for Chagas' disease and HIV in counseling programs and blood banks in midwest Brazil (1999) Braz J Infect Dis, 3, pp. 176-179Perez-Ramirez, L., Barnabé, C., Sartori, A.M.C., Ferreira, M.S., Tolezano, J.E., Nunes, E.V., Clinical analysis and parasite genetic diversity in Human Immunodeficiency Vírus/Chagas' disease coinfections in Brazil (1999) Am J Trop Med Hyg, 64, pp. 198-206Galhardo, M.C.G., Martins, I.A., Hasslocher-Moreno, A., Xavier, S.S., Coelho, J.M.C., Vasconcelos, A.C.V., Reativação da infecção por Trypanosoma cruzi em paciente com Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida (1999) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 32, pp. 291-294Pagano, M.A., Segura, M.J., di Lorenzo, G.A., Garau, M.L., Molina, H.A., Cahb, P., Cerebral tumor-like american trypanosomiasis in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1999) Ann Neurol, 45, pp. 403-406Santos, S.S., Almeida, G.M.D., Monteiro, M.L.R., Gemignani, P., Duarte, M.I.S., Toscano, C.M., Ocular myositis and diffuse meningoencephalitis from Trypanosoma cruzi in an AIDS patient (1999) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 93, pp. 535-536Sartori, A.M.C., Sotto, M.N., Braz, L.M.A., Oliveira Jr., O.C., Patzina, R.A., Shikanai-Yassuda, M.A., Reactivation of Chagas' disease manifested by skin lesions in a patient with AIDS (1999) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 93, pp. 631-632Silva, N., O'Bryan, L., Medeiros, E., Holand, H., Suleiman, J., Mendonça, J.S., Trypanosoma cruzi meningoencephalitis in HIV-Infected patients (1999) Journal of Acquir Immune Defic Syndr & Hum Pathol, 20, pp. 342-349Morgado, M.G., Barcellos, C., Pina, M.F., Bastos, F.I., Human Immunodeficiency Vírus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and tropical diseases: A Brazilian perspective (2000) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 95 (SUPPL. I), pp. 145-151Oeleman, W., Velásquez, J.N., Carnevale, S., Besasso, H., Teixeira, G.M., Peralta, J.M., Intestinal Chagas' disease in patients with AIDS (2000) AIDS, 14, pp. 1072-1073Corti, M., AIDS and Chagas' disease. Review (2000) AIDS patients care STDs, 14, pp. 581-588Corti, M., Trione, N., Corbera, K., Vivas, C., Enfermedad de Chagas: Otra causa de masa cerebral ocupante en pacientes com syndrome de immunodeficiencia adquirida (2000) Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clínica, 18, pp. 194-199Cahn, P., Belloso, W.H., Murillo, J., Prada-Trujillo, AIDS in Latin America (2000) Infec Dis Clin North Ame, 14, pp. 185-209Concetti, H., Retegui, M., Pérez, G., Pérez, H., Chagas' disease of the cervix uteri in a patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (2000) Hum Pathol, 31, pp. 120-122Jesus-Pedro, R., Doença de Chagas e Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida: Quantos estariam co-infectados no Brasil? (2001) JBA São Paulo, 2, pp. 5-6Antunes, A.C.M., Cecchini, F.M.L., von Bock Bolli, F., Oliveira, P.P., Rebouças, R.G., Monte, T.L., Cerebral trypanosomiasis and AIDS (2002) Arq Neuropsiquiat, 60, pp. 730-733Harms, G., Feldmeier, H., Review: HIV infection and tropical parasitic diseases-deleterious interactions in both directions? (2002) Tropical Medicine and International Health, 7, pp. 479-488Ferreira, M.S., Borges, A.S., Some aspects of protozoan infections in immunocompromised patients-A review (2002) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 97, pp. 443-457Sartori, A.M.C., Caiaffa-Filho, H.H., Bezerra, R.C., Gulherme, C.S., Lopes, M.H., Shikanai-Yassuda, M.A., Exacerbation of HIV viral load simultaneous with asymptomatic reactivation of chronic Chagas' disease (2002) Am J Trop Med Hyg, 67, pp. 521-523Sartori, A.M.C., Eluf Neto, J., Nunes, E.V., Braz, L.M.A., Caiaffa-Filho, H.H., Shikanai-Yassuda, M.A., Trypanosoma cruzi parasitemia in chronic Chagas' disease: Comparison between Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Positive and HIV-Negative patients (2002) J Inf Dis, 186, pp. 872-875Lages-Silva, E., Ramirez, L.E., Silva-Vergera, M.L., Chiare, E., Chagasic meningoencephlitis in a patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Diagnosis, follow-up and genetic characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi (2002) Clin Infect Dis, 34, pp. 118-123Santos, E.O., Canela, J.R., Monção, H.C.G., Roque, M.J.G., Reactivation of Chagas'disease leading to the diagnosis of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (2002) Braz J Infect Dis, 6, pp. 317-321Brito, C.M.M., Pires, M.Q., Pacheco, R.S., Chagas' disease and HIV co-infection: Genetic analyses of two Trypanosoma cruzi strains under experimental immunosuppression (2003) Kinetoplastid Biol Dis, 2, p. 107Corti, M., Enfermedad de Chagas y síndrome de immunodeficiencia adquirida (2003) Enf Emerg, 5, pp. 13-17Vaidian, A.K., Weiss, L.M., Tanowitz, H.B., Chagas' disease and AIDS-Review (2004) Kinetoplastid Biol Dis, 3, pp. 1-6Cruz, A.M., Igreja, R.P., Dantas, W., Junqueira, A.C.V., Pacheco, R.S., Silva-Gonçalves, A.J., Long-term follow-up of co-infected HIV and Trypanosoma cruzi brazilian patients (2004) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 98, pp. 728-733Yoo, T.W., Mlikotic, A., Cornford, M.E., Beck, C.K., Concurrent cerebral American Trypanosomiasis an Toxoplasmosis in a patient with AIDS (2004) Clin Infect Dis, 39, pp. 30-34Revera, J., Hillis, L.D., Levine, B.D., Reactivation of cardiac Chagas' disease in Acquired Immunedeficiency Syndrome (2004) Am J Cardiol, 94, pp. 1102-1103Madalosso, G., Pellini, A.C.G., Vasconcelos, M.J., Ribeiro, A.F., Weissmann, L., Oliveira Filho, G.S., Chagasic meningoencephalitis: Case report of a recently included AIDS-defining illness in Brazil (2004) Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo, 46, pp. 199-202Parra-Piñeros, J.E., Valderrama, W., Leon-Sarmiento, F.E., Daza, N., Ramirez-Díaz, H., Leon-Sarmiento, M.E., False-positive Human Immunodeficiency Virus test and Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Eastern Colombia (2004) Southern Med J, 97, p. 423Rodrigues, D.B.R., Correia, D., Marra, M.D., Giraldo, L.E.R., Lages-Silva, E., Silva-Vergara, M.L., Cytokine serum levels in patients infected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus with and without Trypanosoma cruzi coinfection (2005) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 38, pp. 483-487Burgos, J.M., Begher, S.B., Freitas, J.M., Risio, M., Duffy, T., Altcheh, J., Molecular diagnosis and typing of Trypanosoma cruzi populations and lineages in cerebral Chagas' disease in a patient with AIDS (2005) Am J Trop Med Hyg, 73, pp. 1016-1018Valerga, M., Bases, O., Martin, M., Papucci, T., Encefalitis multifocal en un paciente com SIDA (2005) Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin, 23, pp. 569-570Picco, G., Enfermedad de Chagas y SIDA, una coinfección a considerar (2005) Med Clin (Barc), 125, p. 678Auger, S.R., Storrino, R., Rosa, M., Caravello, O., González, M.J., Botaro, E., Chagas y SIDA, la importancia del diagnóstico precoz (2005) Rev Argent Cardiol, 73, pp. 439-445Corti, M., Yampolsky, C., Prolonged survival and immune reconstitution after chagasic meningoencephlaitis in a patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (2006) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 39, pp. 85-88Lambert, N., Metha, B., Walters, R., Eron, J., Chagasic encephalitis as the initial manifestation of AIDS (2006) Ann Int Med, 144, pp. 941-943Pereira, R.E., Pimentel, R.A., Canela, J.R., Santos, E.O., Meningoencefalite chagásica em portadores de HIV (2006) JBM, 90, pp. 18-21Scapellato, P.G., Boltaro, E.G., Scapellato, J.I., Vidal, G.I., Es posible la transmision de la enfermedad de Chagas mediante el hábito de compartir jeringas entre pacientes HIV+ adictos a drogas? (2006) Medicina (Buenos Aires), 66, pp. 595-596Sartori, A.M.C., Ibrahim, D.Y., Westphalen, E.V.N., Braz, L.M.A., Oliveira Jr., O.C., Gakiya, E., Manifestations of Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis) in patients with HIV/AIDS (2007) Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 101, pp. 31-50Karp, C.L., Auwaerter, P.G., Coinfection with HIV and tropical infectious diseases. I. Protozoal pathogens (2007) Clin Infect Dis, 45, pp. 1208-1213Dolcini, G.L., Solana, M.E., Andreani, G., Celentano, A.M., Parodi, L.M., Donato, A.M., Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas' disease agent) replication in human placenta (2008) Retrovirology, 5, pp. 53-66Cordova, E., Boschi, A., Ambrosioni, J., Cudos, C., Corti, M., Reactivation of Chagas' disease with central nervous involvement in HIV-infected patients in Argentina, 1992-2007 (2008) Int J Infect Dis, 12, pp. 587-592Burgos, J.M., Begher, S., Silva, H.M.V., Bisio, T., Levin, M.J., Macedo, A.M., Case report: Molecular identification of Trypanosoma cruzi I tropism for central nervous system in Chagas reactivation due to AIDS (2008) Am J Trop Med Hyg, 78, pp. 294-297Sica, R.E.P., Gargiullo, G., Papayanis, C., Tumour-like chagasic encephalitis in AIDS patients: An atypical presentation in one of them and outcome in a small series of cases (2008) Arq Neuro-Psiquiatr, 66, pp. 881-884Verdú, J., de Paz, F., Castaño, V., Torrús, D., Reus, S., Reactivation of Chagas' disease with central nervous system involvement: Peripheral blood smear evidence (2009) Internal J Infect Dis, 13, pp. e527-e528Almeida, E.A., Silva, E.L., Guariento, M.E., Souza, M.L., Aoki, F.H., Pedro, R.J., Fatal evolution of Chagas' disease/Aids co-infection: Diagnostic difficulties between myocarditis reactivation and chronic chagasic myocardiopathy (2009) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 42, pp. 199-202Almeida, E.A., Silva, E.L., Guariento, M.E., Aoki, F.H., Pedro, R.J., Etiological treatment with itraconazole or ketoconazole in individuals with Trypanosoma cruzi/HIV co-infection (2009) Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 103, pp. 471-476López, O.M., Three-years survival of a patient with HIV and chagasic meningoencephalitis: Case report (2010) Rev Chil Infect, 27, pp. 160-164Warley, E., Antabak, N.T., Desse, J., de Luca, A., Warley, F., Galimbert, G.F., Desarrollo de neoplasias e infecciones definitorias de sida despues de iniciar la terapia antiretroviral de alta eficacia (2010) Medicina (Buenos Aires), 70, pp. 49-52Rodríguez-Guardado, A., Alvarez, V.A., Rodríguez-Perez, M., Alvarez, P.M., Flores-Chavez, M., Alonso-Gonzaléz, P., Screening for Chagas'disease in HIVpositive inmigrants from endemic areas (2010) Epidemiol Infect, 139, pp. 539-543Almeida, E.A., Lima, J.N., Lages-Silva, E., Guariento, M.E., Aoki, F.H., Torres-Morales, A.E., Chagas' disease and HIV co-infection in patients without effective antiretroviral therapy: Prevalence, clinical presentation and natural history (2010) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyge, 104, pp. 447-452Fonseca, M.G.P., Bastos, F.I., Twenty-five years of the AIDS epidemic in Brazil: Principal epidemiological findings, 1980-2005 (2007) Cad Saúde Pública, 23 (SUPPL. III), pp. 333-344Gomes, A.P., Santos, S.S., Martins, W.A., Siqueira-Batista, R., Oliveira, L.B., Antonio, V.E., Aspectos clínicos (2007) Moléstia de Chagas, pp. 77-90. , In: Siqueira-Batista R, Gomes AP, Corrêa AD, Geller M, editors. 2 a Ed. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Rubio(2005) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 38 (SUPPL. III), pp. 1-29. , Consenso Brasileiro sobre doença de ChagasBurgarelli, M.K.N., Contribuição para o estudo clínico-laboratorial e imunológico da associação entre a doença de Chagas e a Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (1996) Rev Pat Trop, 25, pp. 81-167Schenone, H., Xenodiagnosis (1999) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 94 (SUPPL. I), pp. 289-294Aids e Hepatites Virais [Internet], , http://www.aids.gov.br/, Departamento de DST, Brasília (BR): Ministério da Saúde[cited 2010 Aug 9]. Available fromhttp://new.paho.org/, Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde [Internet], World Health Organization. [cited 2010 Aug 9]. Available fromPortela-Lindoso, A.A.B., Shikanai-Yassuda, M.A., Doença de Chagas crônica: Do xenodiagnóstico e hemocultura à reação em cadeia da polimerase (2003) Rev Saude Publica, 37, pp. 107-115Rassi Jr., A., Rassi, A., Little, W.C., Chagas' heart disease (2000) Clin Cardiol, 23, pp. 883-88

CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE AROEIRA DO SERTÃO (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão) EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS

RESUMOEste trabalho buscou avaliar o crescimento de Myracrodruon urundeuvaAllemão produzida em substratos preparados com lodo de esgoto, composto orgânico e esterco bovino. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação por 120 dias no Viveiro do Centro de Referência em Conservação da Natureza e Recuperação de Áreas Degradadas – CRAD, Brasília-DF. Foram testados quatro tipos de adubos: (1) Osmocote®; (2) esterco bovino; (3) composto orgânico; e (4) lodo de esgoto seco. Cada adubo foi submetido a três composições diferentes: (1) 25%, (2) 50% e (3) 75%, com exceção da testemunha e do Osmocote®, totalizando 11 tratamentos com 10 repetições cada. As variáveis analisadas foram: Diâmetro do Coleto (DC), Altura da Muda (H), Número de Folhas (NF), Matéria Fresca de Parte Aérea (MFPA), Matéria Seca de Parte Aérea (MSPA), Matéria Fresca de Raiz (MFR), Matéria Seca de Raiz (MSR) e Índice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD). As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados indicaram interação significativa entre os tratamentos. As maiores médias foram obtidas nos tratamentos com esterco bovino, seguidas do tratamento com composto. As plantas produzidas apenas com Osmocote® e com lodo de esgoto morreram. O resultado apontou a importância de incorporar matéria orgânica ao substrato para produção de mudas de M. urundeuva e o composto orgânico na proporção de 25% equivale ao esterco bovino na proporção de 25, 50 e 75%

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02

Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw > 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour, are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017 +/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio

Observation of a new chi_b state in radiative transitions to Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(2S) at ATLAS

The chi_b(nP) quarkonium states are produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb^-1, these states are reconstructed through their radiative decays to Upsilon(1S,2S) with Upsilon->mu+mu-. In addition to the mass peaks corresponding to the decay modes chi_b(1P,2P)->Upsilon(1S)gamma, a new structure centered at a mass of 10.530+/-0.005 (stat.)+/-0.009 (syst.) GeV is also observed, in both the Upsilon(1S)gamma and Upsilon(2S)gamma decay modes. This is interpreted as the chi_b(3P) system.Comment: 5 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 1 table, corrected author list, matches final version in Physical Review Letter

Search for displaced vertices arising from decays of new heavy particles in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

We present the results of a search for new, heavy particles that decay at a significant distance from their production point into a final state containing charged hadrons in association with a high-momentum muon. The search is conducted in a pp-collision data sample with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 33 pb^-1 collected in 2010 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Production of such particles is expected in various scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. We observe no signal and place limits on the production cross-section of supersymmetric particles in an R-parity-violating scenario as a function of the neutralino lifetime. Limits are presented for different squark and neutralino masses, enabling extension of the limits to a variety of other models.Comment: 8 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version to appear in Physics Letters

Measurement of the inclusive isolated prompt photon cross-section in pp collisions at sqrt(s)= 7 TeV using 35 pb-1 of ATLAS data

A measurement of the differential cross-section for the inclusive production of isolated prompt photons in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV is presented. The measurement covers the pseudorapidity ranges |eta|<1.37 and 1.52<=|eta|<2.37 in the transverse energy range 45<=E_T<400GeV. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 35 pb-1, collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The yields of the signal photons are measured using a data-driven technique, based on the observed distribution of the hadronic energy in a narrow cone around the photon candidate and the photon selection criteria. The results are compared with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations and found to be in good agreement over four orders of magnitude in cross-section.Comment: 7 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 4 tables, final version published in Physics Letters