Transport properties of pristine few-layer black phosphorus by van der Waals passivation in an inert atmosphere

Ultrathin black phosphorus is a two-dimensional semiconductor with a sizeable band gap. Its excellent electronic properties make it attractive for applications in transistor, logic and optoelectronic devices. However, it is also the first widely investigated two-dimensional material to undergo degradation upon exposure to ambient air. Therefore a passivation method is required to study the intrinsic material properties, understand how oxidation affects the physical properties and enable applications of phosphorene. Here we demonstrate that atomically thin graphene and hexagonal boron nitride can be used for passivation of ultrathin black phosphorus. We report that few-layer pristine black phosphorus channels passivated in an inert gas environment, without any prior exposure to air, exhibit greatly improved n-type charge transport resulting in symmetric electron and hole transconductance characteristics.B.O. acknowledges support by the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister's Office, Singapore under its Competitive Research Programme (CRP Award No. NRF-CRP9-2011-3) and the SMF-NUS Research Horizons Award 2009-Phase II. A.H.C.N. acknowledges the NRF-CRP award 'Novel 2D materials with tailored properties: beyond graphene'. The calculations were performed at the GRC computing facilities. A.Z. and D.F.C. acknowledge the NSF grant CHE-1301157. (NRF-CRP9-2011-3 - National Research Foundation, Prime Minister's Office, Singapore under its Competitive Research Programme (CRP); SMF-NUS Research Horizons Award-Phase II; NRF-CRP award 'Novel 2D materials with tailored properties: beyond graphene'; CHE-1301157 - NSF)Published versio

Solubilização quantitativa de fosfatos insolúveis, por algumas espécies dos gêneros Aspergillus e Penicillium

In this paper, the authors have studied, under laboratory conditions, the relations between several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium genders and three insoluble phosphates, having determined quantitatively both the portion rendered soluble and the one not decomposed by the fungi. From the results obtained the following conclusions were drawn: 1. All the studied strains showed high capacity to render soluble insoluble phosphates in petri dishes tests. Nevertheless, when quantitatively evaluated, only A. niger was able to render soluble an appreciable amount of insoluble phosphates. 2. The analysis of the data obtained with the Penicillium spp strain, showed that both increased significantly the levels of soluble phosphate for the aluminum phosphate treatment, compared with their sterile homologues; the levels of soluble phosphate in the checks decreased significantly and, the treatments with iron phosphate had their levels not altered significantly. On the other hand, in the treatments with "Araxá rock phosphate" the level of soluble phosphate did not change appreciably for the 4 RAIZ III strain and, decreased significantly for the 8 RIZ III strain. 3. The Aspergillus sp strain, reacted differently compared to the other fungi, that is, all treatments had their soluble phosphate levels decreased. 4. The indirect evaluation of available phosphorus in the soil, using A. niger and other fungi, shows inaccurate values due to the adherence of insoluble phosphate particles to the micellia.No presente trabalho, os autores estudaram, em condições de laboratório, as relações entre algumas especies dos gêneros Aspergillus e Penicillium e tres fosfatos insolúveis, determinando quantitativamente o fósforo solubilizado e imobilizado. Dos resultados, os autores extraíram as seguintes conclusões: 1. Todas as linhagens estudadas demonstraram alta capacidade solubilizadora nos testes em placas de petri. No entante, quando analisadas quantitativamente, apenas o A. niger foi capaz de solubilizar quantidades apreciáveis de fosfatos insolúveis. 2. A análise dos dados, obtidos com as linhagens de Penicillium spp, indicou que ambas aumentaram significativamente os níveis de fósforo solúvel para os tratamentos com fosfato de alumínio, em relação a seus homólogos estéreis; diminuiram significativamente os níveis de fósforo solúvel das testemunhas e, não alteraram significativamente os níveis dos tratamentos com fosfato de ferro. Por outro lado, nos tratamentos com apatita de Araxá o nível de fosforo solúvel não foi alterado significativamente com a linhagem 4 Raíz III e, diminuiu significativamente, com a linhagem 8 RIZ III. 3. À linhagem de Aspergillus sp. apresentou comportamento diferente dos demais fungos, diminuindo significativamente os níveis de fósforo solúvel de todos os tratamentos. 4. A aderência de numerosas partículas de fosfatos insolúveis à trama miceliana, é fator de erro que pode explicar as discrepancias nos valores obtidos pela determinação indireta do fósforo assimilável do solo, empregando-se técnicas biológicas com A. niger ou outros fungos

Cubic and hexagonal InGaAsN dilute arsenides by unintentional homogeneous incorporation of As into InGaN

Arsenic alloying is observed for epitaxial layers nominally intended to be In0.75Ga0.25N. Voids form beneath their interfaces with GaAs substrates, acting as sources of Ga + As out-diffusion into the growing epilayers. As a result, heteroepitaxial single-phase quaternary InxGa1-xAsyN1-y, films are formed with x similar to 0.55 and 0.05 menor que y menor que 0,10. While an undoped epilayer retains the wurtzite structure, a Mn-doped sample showed randomly spaced dopant segregations, which, together with a slightly higher As concentration, led to a transformation from the hexagonal to the twinned cubic phase

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02

Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw > 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour, are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017 +/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio