Asymmetric preparation of antifungal 1-(4 -chlorophenyl)-1-cyclopropyl methanol and 1-(4 -chlorophenyl)-2-phenylethanol. Study of the detoxification mechanism by Botrytis cinerea

Chiral alcohols are important as bioactive compounds or as precursors to such molecules. On the basis of the different antifungal properties of the enantiopure alcohol derivatives of 4-chlorophenyl cyclopropyl ketone and benzyl 4-chlorophenyl ketone, their enantioselective synthesis by chemical and biocatalytic methods was studied. The detoxification pathways by the phytopathogen fungus Botrytis cinerea are reported

Supplement: "Localization and broadband follow-up of the gravitational-wave transient GW150914" (2016, ApJL, 826, L13)

This Supplement provides supporting material for Abbott et al. (2016a). We briefly summarize past electromagnetic (EM) follow-up efforts as well as the organization and policy of the current EM follow-up program. We compare the four probability sky maps produced for the gravitational-wave transient GW150914, and provide additional details of the EM follow-up observations that were performed in the different bands

Time to Switch to Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Europe and Thailand.

Background: Data on durability of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are limited. We assessed time to switch to second-line therapy in 16 European countries and Thailand. Methods: Children aged <18 years initiating combination ART (≥2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NRTIs] plus nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI] or boosted protease inhibitor [PI]) were included. Switch to second-line was defined as (i) change across drug class (PI to NNRTI or vice versa) or within PI class plus change of ≥1 NRTI; (ii) change from single to dual PI; or (iii) addition of a new drug class. Cumulative incidence of switch was calculated with death and loss to follow-up as competing risks. Results: Of 3668 children included, median age at ART initiation was 6.1 (interquartile range (IQR), 1.7-10.5) years. Initial regimens were 32% PI based, 34% nevirapine (NVP) based, and 33% efavirenz based. Median duration of follow-up was 5.4 (IQR, 2.9-8.3) years. Cumulative incidence of switch at 5 years was 21% (95% confidence interval, 20%-23%), with significant regional variations. Median time to switch was 30 (IQR, 16-58) months; two-thirds of switches were related to treatment failure. In multivariable analysis, older age, severe immunosuppression and higher viral load (VL) at ART start, and NVP-based initial regimens were associated with increased risk of switch. Conclusions: One in 5 children switched to a second-line regimen by 5 years of ART, with two-thirds failure related. Advanced HIV, older age, and NVP-based regimens were associated with increased risk of switch

Redes definidas por software(SDN): un nuevo paradigma frente a las redes convencionales

UNAN-LEÓ

Comarcas de Galicia

Trátase dunha publicación divulgativa sobre os principais recursos naturais, turísticos e socioeconómicos que presenta cada unha das comarcas de Galicia. A obra aparece estructurada en 55 fascículos coleccionables que foron publicados polo diario El Correo Gallego entre abril de 1995 e decembro de 1997

Clinical characteristics, one-year change in ejection fraction and long-term outcomes in patients with heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction: a multicentre prospective observational study in Catalonia (Spain)

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyse baseline characteristics and outcome of patients with heart failure and mid-range left ventricular ejection fraction (HFmrEF, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 40%-49%) and the effect of 1-year change in LVEF in this group. SETTING: Multicentre prospective observational study of ambulatory patients with HF followed up at four university hospitals with dedicated HF units. PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen per cent (n=504) of the 3580 patients included had HFmrEF. INTERVENTIONS: Baseline characteristics, 1-year LVEF and outcomes were collected. All-cause death, HF hospitalisation and the composite end-point were the primary outcomes. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 3.66 (1.69-6.04) years. All-cause death, HF hospitalisation and the composite end-point were 47%, 35% and 59%, respectively. Outcomes were worse in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) (LVEF>50%), without differences between HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (LVEF50%. While change in LVEF as continuous variable was not associated with better outcomes, those patients who evolved from HFmrEF to HFpEF did have a better outcome. Those who remained in the HFmrEF and HFrEF groups had higher all-cause mortality after adjustment for age, sex and baseline LVEF (HR 1.96 (95% CI 1.08 to 3.54, P=0.027) and HR 2.01 (95% CI 1.04 to 3.86, P=0.037), respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with HFmrEF have a clinical profile in-between HFpEF and HFrEF, without differences in all-cause mortality and the composite end-point between the three groups. At 1 year, patients with HFmrEF exhibited the greatest variability in LVEF and this change was associated with survival

Lo esencial no puede ser invisible a los ojos : pobreza e infancia en América Latina

El propósito central de este libro es hacer énfasis en que el debate sobre la pobreza en América Latina, en particular en la niñez y adolescencia, debe ser parte de las discusiones que se están dando a nivel global con respecto a la justicia, la libertad, la ciudadanía, la identidad, la participación, y la paz. Asimismo, busca dar impulso a los esfuerzos en nuestra región por generar un pensamiento propio, que se fundamente en la capacidad de resistencia y de generación de alternativas de la población sin que se limite a las visiones y prácticas tradicionales de fomentar e implementar políticas sociales

Tackling Child Poverty in Latin America: Rights and Social Protection in Unequal Societies

This book highlights current debates about concepts, methods, and policies related to poverty in Latin America. It focuses on child and adolescent well-being and the issue of inclusive societies. Its goal is to promote new and critical thinking about these issues globally and in Latin America. The authors emphasize the need to develop new conceptual and practical avenues that can address the issues of poverty, marginalization, exclusion, and old and new inequalities in post-neoliberal times. The objective is to advance the rights of all children and adolescents in the region. This urgent book represents a unique opportunity for practitioners, policy makers, researchers, and students to get access to the most up-to-date perspectives on child poverty and inequality from a conceptual and practical point of view

La medicina y los seguros en el abordaje del problema de los inválidos del trabajo en España en la primera mitad del siglo XX Medicine, social security, and occupational disabilities in Spain in the first half of the twentieth century

En el presente trabajo, utilizando fuentes legislativas, médicas, de algunas instituciones (CRS, IRS, INP, Irpit y Clínica del Trabajo), prensa general y obrera, se estudia el abordaje del problema de los inválidos del trabajo durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Se trata de poner de relieve cómo junto a medidas de protección social se fue generando y articulando una atención médica especializada del accidentado que tendría como objetivo final la reintegración del inválido del trabajo a la sociedad.<br>Relying on legislative, medical, institutional, media, and labor sources, the article examines how the issue of worker disabilities was addressed during the first half of the twentieth century. It shows how specialized medical care developed and evolved, along with a social safety network, with the ultimate aim of integrating those with occupational disabilities back into work and society